Montlhéry

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Administration
Commune of Montlhéry
Location
Coordinates	48°38.0000′N, 2°16.0000′E
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Essonne
Arrondissement	Palaiseau
Canton	Montlhéry
Mayor	Lucien Pornin (2001-2008)
Statistics
Altitude	80 m–151 m
Land area¹	3.28 km²
Population² (1999)	5676
- Density (1999)	1730/km²
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	91425/ 91310
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 mi² or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
² Population sans doubles comptes: single count of residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel).

The tower of Montlhéry

Montlhéry is a commune of the Essonne département, in France. It is located 26 km from Paris and has a population (1999): 5,676.

1 History
- 1.1 List of lords of Montlhéry
2 Economy
3 Famous residents
4 External links

[edit] History

Montlhéry lay on the strategically important road from Paris to Orléans. It was an old Gaulish site, called Mons Aetricus by the Romans. Under the Merovingians it was owned by the church in Reims, and in 768 it was given to the abbey of St. Denis in Paris. is famous for its castle, of which only the tower remains today. The castle was built in the 11th century to replace an older castle, built from 991 to 1015. It was the site of a number of battles between the lords of Montlhéry and the French monarchy.

The Montlhéry noble house was related to the Montmorency family; Thibaud, the founder of the Montlhéry dynasty, was the brother of Bouchard II, the progenitor of the Montmorency house. Thibaud ruled from 970 to 1031 and was succeeded by his son Guy I, who ruled until 1095. Guy I's children married into other local noble families: his daughter Melisende married Hugh, count of Rethel, and another daughter Elizabeth married Joscelin of Courtenay. Through these marriages and subsequent Montlhéry participation on the First Crusade, Guy I was the ancestor of the ruling dynasties of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Edessa. Another daughter, Alice, married into the Le Puiset family, and a son, Guy, became count of Rochefort. Guy I was succeeded by Milo I, followed by Milo's sons Guy II and Milo II. In 1118, after many disputes with the rebellious lords, Louis VI of France ordered the castle to be dismantled, except for the tower, and turned the town into a royal residence. Louis VI had himself been married to a granddaughter of Guy I, Lucienne of Rochefort, from 1104 to 1107.

After being absorbed into the royal domain, Montlhéry became part of the territory governed by the viscount of Paris. During the Hundred Years' War, the town and the tower frequently passed between English and French forces. On July 16, 1465, Charles the Bold defeated Louis XI of France at the Battle of Montlhéry. The town was left in ruins by the Wars of Religion, but it was rebuilt in 1591 under Henry IV.

In the 19th century the tower was used for scientific experiments. In 1822, François Arago calculated the speed of sound there; a cannonball shot at the tower was observed from the Observatory of Villejuif. In 1823, Claude Chappe installed a relay for the Paris-Bayonne telegraph line. On June 5, 1874, Alfred Cornu tried to calculate the speed of light between the tower and the Observatory in Paris.

During the Franco-Prussian War, the town was occupied and pillaged by the Prussians. It was occupied again by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War.

Today Montlhéry is a twin city with Stetten. The current mayor is Lucien Pornin.

[edit] List of lords of Montlhéry

Thibaud of Montmorency (970-1031)
Guy I of Montlhéry (1031-1095)
Milo I of Montlhéry (1095-1102)
Guy II of Montlhéry (1102-1109)
Milo II of Montlhéry (1109-1118)
passes to royal domain of France

[edit] Economy

Montlhéry is the site of an automobile race track, the Autodrome de Montlhéry, established by Alexandre Lamblin in 1924. It is sometimes referred to as the 'French Indianapolis', because it is laid out as a high speed oval. Many speed records were set there within months of its opening, although today the racetrack has fallen into disuse and is also used for other purposes. Montlhéry was also a market town, which is remembered today in the Tomato Festival. The medieval tower is also a popular tourist attraction, which recently re-opened in 2005 after being closed for repairs.