Monogastric

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A monogastric organism has a simple single chambered stomach, and is the alternate gastric complex to a four-chambered complex stomach known as a ruminant. Examples of monogastric animals include rabbits, humans, and pigs.

[edit] The monogastric system

Starting with the mouth where food enters and is first broken down by mastication, moistening and lubrication of food prior to swallowing by saliva. As food is swallowed, it slides down the esophagus into the stomach. As the stomach contracts, the cardiac sphincter prevents backflow while secretion of HCl and other enzymes is mixed with food. In the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed and duodenal cells secrete hormones which stimulate release of bile and pancreatic enzymes. This is sent into the large intestine where water is absorbed. Finally the remaining waste is sent to the anus and the rectum where the feces are stored and eventually excreted.

[edit] Comparison of monogastric and ruminant systems

In both systems, excess proteins are used as an energy source in carnivores proteins provide approximately 50% of the animals total energy. Carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous diets are common in monogastric animals, while ruminant animals are usually herbivorous.