Military academy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A military academy is a military educational institution. Their exact definition depends on the country.

There are three types of military academies: High school-level institutions, university-level institutions, and those only serving to prepare officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of a state. Most countries only have the last category, and in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, they are more appropriately called service academies, since the term "military" is usually reserved for the army.


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[edit] Brazil

Has several military academies, and the biggest is Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras (AMAN) in municipality of Resende, in state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast of that country.

[edit] Canada

Canada currently has one military-theme private boarding school open for students at the pre-university level, Robert Land Academy (RLA), which is located in West Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1977, it is an all-boys' institute whose funding arises solely from tuition fees. The Academy is an institute fully accredited by the province of Ontario, which accepts students from Grade 6 to Grade 12 (the Ontario Academic Credit level).

Canada formerly had three university level service academies, the Canadian Military Colleges. These included the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario, Royal Roads Military College (RRMC) in Victoria, British Columbia and the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean (CMR) in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec. RMC was founded in 1876, RRMC in 1941 and CMR in 1954. By the 60s all three institutions were providing *military education to officer cadets of all three elements in the Canadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; and RMC received the authority to grant academic degrees in Arts, Science and Engineering. Graduates of the Colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by their military education. In the modern era, emphasis was placed on a broad based, liberal education including core couses in the humanities, social, pure and applied sciences. Military discipline and training, as well as a focus on physical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience. In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close RRMC and CMR due to budget considerations, but RMC continues to carry the proud tradition educating Canada's future leaders into the twenty-first century.

[edit] China

[edit] Czech Republic

Univerzita obrany http://www.unob.cz/en/

[edit] Finland

[edit] France

[edit] Germany

In Germany there are four categories of military academies:

  • Offiziersschulen
  • Waffenschulen
  • Universities of the Bundeswehr
  • Führungsakademie of the Bundeswehr

Any soldier who is enlisted as a regular officer cadet first goes through basic military training at a replacement army unit. Afterwards he attends military schools called Offiziersschule (backwards: Kriegsschule) and Waffenschule. Requirement for attending these schools is Abitur passed at Gymnasium. As Offiziersschulen are training schools for officers at the level of platoon-leader which cater to all arms of the Bundeswehr, Waffenschulen which the soldiers enter after Offizersschule cater for the special arm of service (i.e. infantry etc.) Before becoming commissioned, the cadets have to pass an officer exam. The period between getting enlisted and becoming commissioned takes three years.

After the officer is commissioned he regularly serves some months in his army unit as a platoon-leader. Afterwards he attends a university of the Bundeswehr. These universities run bachelor, master and PhD programs in non-military subjects (i.e. engineering, history, social studies, economics etc.). Goals of these universities are less a military but rather a preparation for a civil profession after period of service. The officers are taught by university professors (not by officers). Despite the civilian faculty, these kind of universities cannot be attended by civilians.

The Führungsakademie of the Bundeswehr runs a post-graduate program to prepare experienced officers for serving in general staff. The program of Führungsakademie is called Generalstabslehrgang. It lasts 2 years.

[edit] India

[edit] Indonesia

Akademi Angkatan Bersenjata Republic Indonesia (Indonesia Military Academy) Founded in Yogyakarta, October 13, 1945 in order of General Staff Chief of Indonesia Army Leut. Gen Urip Sumoharjo with name Militaire Academie (MA) Yogyakarta

[edit] Italy

University level institutions:

  • Accademia Militare, Modena
  • Accademia Navale, Livorno
  • Accademia Aeronautica, Pozzuoli
  • Scuola Ufficiali Carabinieri, Rome
  • Accademia della Guardia di Finanza, Bergamo

[edit] Malaysia

The Royal Military College (RMC) in Malaysia is a high-school level educational institution with a history tied to the Malaysian Armed Forces.

[edit] Philippines

The Philippine Military Academy (PMA) is the training school for future officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It was established as an Officer's School of the Philippine Constabulary on February 17, 1905 at Intramuros, Manila, but was relocated on September 1, 1908 at Baguio City.

[edit] United Kingdom

Pre-University level institutions:

  • Welbeck College is a sixth form college for 16 to 18 year olds, preparing cadets for entry into the British Armed Forces as Technical Officers. In addition many British schools especially public boarding schools have a strong service connection, it being a common practise in the days of the Empire for officers to send their children to such schools when posted abroad. Some schools were founded particularly for such families, with some schools just for naval families and ones just for army officers etc. Such schools whilst following a normal academic curriculumn will often have an affiliated Army Cadet Force,Sea Cadet Corps,Air Training Corps or Combined Cadet Force depending on the branch of service of the families it was established for. As the traditional breeding ground of the British political and military elite, some public boarding schools , such as Eton, Harrow and Rugby have particularly strong cadet forces, with optional voluntary participation verging on the complusory.
  • The defunct HMS Ganges used to prepare boys for naval service.

University level institutions:

Extant:

Defunct:

Paralleling the way the cadet forces work at a pre-university level, at the university level there are the University Royal Naval Units,OTC's and University Air Squadrons.

[edit] United States

US Air Force Academy cadets
US Air Force Academy cadets
Main article: United States military academies

The United States is almost unique in that the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean an institution run by the armed forces to train its own military officers; it may also mean a middle school, high school or tertiary-level college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition.

Most public high schools now offer Junior ROTC programs based off college-level ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Course).

  • The term military school primarily refers to pre-collegiate (middle and high school) institutions. Military schools were once far more common than they are today; see the extensive list of defunct military academies.
  • The term military academy commonly refers to all pre-collegiate, collegiate, and post-collegiate institutions, yet graduate institutions, catering for officers already in service, are often considered separately and termed staff colleges and Graduate Schools. A few of the oldest high school military academies are in Virginia; including schools like Fishburne, Massanutan, Fork Union Military Academy, and Hargrave.

Military academies can be either private or have government sponsorship from regional (state) or national government.

The universities operated by the U.S. Federal Government are referred to as the Federal Service Academies and are:

An example of a military academy that has government sponsorship from regional (state) government and is all-military is:

In addition, several institutions which were at the time of their founding military colleges, maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. These include:

Examples of schools which are considered Military Junior Colleges:

Note: The terms college and university are interchangeable in the below discussion. They are both used to denote an institution of higher learning which a person might attend after attending high school, typically at age 17, 18, or 19.

[edit] Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has one university level Defense Academy taking cadets from all three armed services and 3 non-university level Military Academies, one for each armed service providing basic traning for officer. The General Sir John Kotelawala Defense Academy, was established in 1980 and is named after Gen. Sri John Kotelawala the 2nd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka.

[edit] Soviet Union

Main article: Soviet military academies

[edit] Taiwan

[edit] Venezuela

Military academies are managed by each branch of the Armed Forces and offer five-year University courses. Enrolled students are Officer Candidates and receive a commission as Sub Teniente or Alférez on graduation.

The terms Escuela Militar or Academia Militar are always used to refer to these higher-education institutions:

Military-style high schools in Venezuela are known as Liceos Militares or Liceos Militarizados. These are managed by the Armed Forces or by private groups, with support and personnel from the Armed Forces.

[edit] Pre-collegiate institutions

A military school teaches various ages (middle school, high school, or both) in a manner that includes military traditions and training in military subjects. The vast majority are in the United States. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run by either a public school system (such as the Chicago Public Schools), or by a state.

A common misperception results because some states have chosen to house their child criminal populations in higher-security boarding schools that are run in a manner similar to military boarding schools. These are also called reform schools, and are functionally a combination of school and prison. They attempt to emulate the high standards of established military boarding schools in the hope that a strict structured environment can reform these children. This may or may not be true. However, this should not reflect on the long and distinguished history of military schools; their associations are traditionally those of high academic achievement, with solid college preparatory curricula, schooling in the military arts, and considerably esteemed graduates.

Popular culture sometimes shows parents sending or threatening to send unruly children off to military school.

[edit] Adult institutions

A college level military academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system of military education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields of military tactics and military strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.

Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the U.S., graduates have a major field of study, earning a Bachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course is dedicated to military training.

There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.

  • Graduates from national acacdemies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).
  • State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is the Virginia Military Institute which remains all-military.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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