Mid-continent Oil Field
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Mid-continent Oil Field in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, was discovered and exploited during the first half of the 20th century. It is not a single oil field, but rather a broad area containing hundreds of fields in various geological strata and diverse trap types.
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[edit] History
The first commercially successful oil well drilled in what was to be called the Mid-continent Oil Field was the Norman No. 1 near Paola, Kansas, on November 28, 1892. The successes that followed of the Nellie Johnstone No. 1 (Bartlesville, Oklahoma) in 1897, Spindletop (Texas) in 1901, and the Ida Glenn No. 1 (Glenn Pool, Oklahoma) in 1905, demonstrated the existence of a large oil field in the central and southwestern United States. It became known as the Mid-continent Oil Field. Continued drilling found many other oil fields and pools within the Mid-continent, both large and small.
Historically this area has produced more oil than any other field in the United States, and until the discovery of oil in the Middle East, was the largest known field in the world. The Texas Railroad Commission estimates that the Texas reserves alone were 190 billion barrels (30 km³) of oil including the little more that 60 billion (10 km³) already produced.
Laws in the early days gave the oil flowing from the well-head to the owners of the well, prompting nearby property owners and lease holders to drill as many wells as possible to ensure they received the profits for the oil under their land. This led to rapid depletion of the resources and the immediate fall of oil prices. Also, the resulting influx of thousands of oil field workers led to wild growth of nearby boom towns and the lawlessness that accompanied them. The states eventually succeeded in regulating the industry and passing laws for the equitable distribution of oil royalties.
Because of this early uncontrolled exploitation, much of the reserves in the Mid-continent have been depleted. Oil operators, in addition to continued exploration, use a variety of techniques to increase production, including deep wells, injection wells, etc. Natural gas, which in the early days was vented to the atmosphere or burned off, now accounts for a large percentage of the exploration efforts and profitability of the petroleum industry in the Mid-continent.
[edit] Proven oil reserves
- Arkansas - 49 million barrels (7,800,000 m³) ranked 19th in the U.S.
- Louisiana - 501 million barrels (79,700,000 m³) ranked 7th
- Kansas - 237 million barrels (37,700,000 m³) ranked 11th
- New Mexico - 710 million barrels (112,900,000 m³) ranked 4th
- Oklahoma - 598 million barrels (95,100,000 m³) ranked 6th
- Texas - 5,015 million barrels (797,400,000 m³) ranked 1st
[edit] Historic oil fields within the Mid-continent
- Corsicana, 1896, Texas, plus 44 million barrels (7,000,000 m³) little reserve remaining
- Bartlesville, 1897, Nellie Johnstone No. 1, Oklahoma, plus 1.6 billion barrels (254,000,000 m³) in decline
- Burbank (Osage), 1897, Oklahoma, plus 1 billion barrels (159,000,000 m³) still active).
- Spindletop, 1901, Texas, plus 150 million barrels (23,900,000 m³) little reserve remaining
- Glenn Pool, 1905, Ida Glenn No. 1, Oklahoma, 325 million barrels (51,700,000 m³) little reserve remaining
- Cushing, 1912, Oklahoma.
- Healdton, 1913, Franklin No. 1, Oklahoma.
- Greater Seminole, 1926, Oklahoma, plus 200 million barrels (31,800,000 m³)
- McCamey, 1928, Baker No. 1., Texas.
- Oklahoma City, No. 1 Discovery Well, 1928, Oklahoma. The Mary Sudik No. 1, "Wild Mary Sudik", gusher did not blow until March 25, 1930—she sprayed an estimated 3,000 barrels an hour (133 L/s) for the next 11 days.
- East Texas, 1930, Bradford No. 3, Texas.
