Mercedes-Benz motorsport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Throughout its long history, Mercedes-Benz has been involved in a range of motorsport activities, including sportscar racing and rallying, and is currently active in Formula Three, DTM and Formula One.
Contents |
[edit] Early History
The two companies which were merged to form the Mercedes-Benz brand in 1926 had both already enjoyed success in the new sport of motor racing throughout their separate histories. In fact both were entered into the very first automobile race Paris to Rouen 1894. The Mercedes Simplex of 1902, built by DMG, was Mercedes' first purpose built race car — much lower than their usual designs — which were similar to horse carriages; that model dominated racing for years. In 1914, just before the beginning of the First World War, the DMG Mercedes 35 hp won the French Grand Prix, finishing 1-2-3.[1]
Karl Benz's company, Benz & Cie. built the "bird beaked", Blitzen Benz that set land speed records several times, reaching 228.1 km/h in 1909[citation needed]. That record gained that model the reputation of being faster than any other automobile — as well as any train or plane.[citation needed] They constructed many aerodynamically designed race cars.
[edit] Grand Prix Motor Racing
[edit] 1923-1939
Benz was involved in Grand Prix motor racing from 1923, when the Benz Tropfenwagen (described as having a teardrop shape) was introduced to motorsport at the European Grand Prix at Monza.
In the 1930s, the new joint company, Daimler-Benz, with their mighty Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrows, dominated Grand Prix racing in Europe together with its rival, Auto Union. In fact the colour of the cars, which was later to become legendary, was unintentional - they had initially been painted white as was traditional for German cars, but the paint was stripped away to reduce weight.[citation needed] The cars set speed records up to 435 km/h (270 mph).[citation needed] The team was guided by the great Rennleiter (racing team manager) Alfred Neubauer until the company ceased racing at the start of WWII.
[edit] 1954-1955 Dominance
In 1954 Mercedes-Benz returned to what was now known as Formula One racing (a World championship having been established in 1950), using the technologically advanced Mercedes-Benz W196 which was run in both open-wheeled and streamlined forms. Juan Manuel Fangio, a previous champion (1951) transferred mid-season from Maserati to Mercedes-Benz for their debut at the the French Grand Prix on 4 July 1954. The team had immediate success and recorded a 1-2 victory with Fangio and Karl Kling, as well as the fastest lap (Hans Herrmann). Fangio went on to win three more races in 1954, winning the Championship.
The success continued into the 1955 season, where the same car was used again. The team's drivers, Fangio and the young Stirling Moss, won 6 of the 9 rounds between them, and finished first and second in that year's championship.
[edit] 1993-present day
- For information about Mercedes-Benz' Formula 1 engine construcutor see Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines
- For information about Mercedes-Benz' current Formula 1 partner team, see Team McLaren Mercedes
In 1993 Mercedes-Benz made its return to Formula One as an engine supplier to Sauber, with whom they had already enjoyed success in sportscar racing, in its debut F1 season, with a V10 engine manufactured by Ilmor.
In 1995, the normally aspirated Mercedes-Benz-Ilmor F1-V10 moved to McLaren, replacing Peugeot. Mercedes-Benz increased its shareholding in the Ilmor company in 1996 and took full control in 2005.[citation needed] They have continued to design and build engines for McLaren.
In the opening race of the 1997 Formula One season David Coulthard produced victory for Team McLaren Mercedes-Benz, and ushered in a new era of success. Coincidentally this was the first race in which McLaren had competed with a silver livery due to West replacing Marlboro as title sponsor. The colour drew inevitable comparisons to the Silver Arrows of a previous era, and the nickname was applied to the McLarens.[citation needed] This was a significant result in F1 racing, McLaren's first victory for three seasons and the first win for Mercedes-Benz since Juan Manuel Fangio's success at the 1955 Italian Grand Prix. McLaren and Mercedes-Benz went on to win one constructors' championship in 1998 and Mika Häkkinen to win two drivers' championships in 1998 and 1999 for the team.
The collaboration with McLaren continues, although recent years have seen a significant decline in Mercedes-Benz's F1 success, as they won just four races over three years, while suffering numerous engine failures and retirements. In 2003, this partnership was extended into the production of a Mercedes-McLaren roadcar, the SLR.
The 2005 season was much more successful for McLaren, winning ten of the nineteen races, but finishing second to Renault in the constructor's title, and with its driver Kimi Räikkönen finishing second in the Driver's title to Fernando Alonso of Spain.
McLaren Mercedes hoped to improve on a poor 2004 season, which saw McLaren-Mercedes-Benz finish fifth in the championship, 193 points behind world champion Ferrari. 2005 indeed witnessed a dramatic gulf in performance between McLaren and Ferrari, though in McLaren's favor. Although fast, McLaren suffered from the extremely poor reliability of their otherwise much superior[citation needed] Mercedes-Benz (Ilmor) engine and McLaren aerodynamics. Engine failures occurred very often, usually affecting Kimi Raikkonen, penalizing him 10 places from his qualifying place which severely handicapped his races hugely. At the Grands Prix of San Marino and Germany, Räikkonen retired while in the lead. In the end, McLaren saw a much stronger second half of the season, and fought for the constructors title with Renault, only to lose it in the last race. McLaren won ten races (seven for Raikkonen and three for his team-mate Juan Pablo Montoya), to Renault's eight (seven for eventual World Champion Fernando Alonso and one for his team-mate, Giancarlo Fisichella). The 2006 season seemed to indicate a return to the F1 front for the English-German outfit and their "silver arrows" (Silberpfeile).[citation needed]
Mercedes also supplies the cars to the FIA for use as safety cars and other race offical roles, such as the medical car, at Formula One races.
[edit] Sportscar racing
It was in 1952 that Mercedes-Benz returned to racing after the war, again with Alfred Neubauer as team manager. Their small and underpowered[citation needed] gull-winged Mercedes-Benz 300SL, won several races in 1952 including the 24 hours of Le Mans, the Carrera Panamericana, and did well in other important races such as the Mille Miglia.
Mercedes-Benz was also dominant in sports car racing during the 1950s. The Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR was derived from the W196 Formula One car for use in the the 1955 World Sportscar Championship season. At Le Mans that year, a disaster occurred in which a Mercedes-Benz 300SLR collided with another car, killing more than eighty spectators. The team went on to win the two remaining races of the season, and won the Manfacturer's championship, but it had already been planned at the beginning of that year that the company would retire its teams at the end of the 1955 season.[citation needed] In fact in the aftermath of the Le Mans disaster, it would be several decades until Mercedes-Benz returned to front line motorsport.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Mercedes returned to competition through the tuning company AMG (later to become a Mercedes-Benz subsidiary), who entered the big Mercedes-Benz 300SEL 6.3 V8 sedan in the Spa 24 Hours and the European Touring Car Championship.
In 1985 Mercedes-Benz returned to sports car racing, as an engine supplier for the Group C cars of the Sauber team. The first cars produced by this relationship, the Sauber C8 and C9 were not particularly successful until the C9 recorded a victory at the 1989 Le Mans race. After this watershed, Mercedes increased its involvement further,[citation needed] and the next sportscar produced by the partnership was called the Mercedes-Benz C11, although the chassis was still built by Sauber. Mercedes-Benz enjoyed some success, but eventually withdraw from sportscar racing after a dismal 1991 season.
Mercedes-Benz returned to sportscar racing in 1997, with the CLK GTR which was entered in the new FIA GT Championship world championship series. The successor to this car, the CLR was a spectacular failure. It was entered in the 1999 Le Mans race, but a series of accidents involving the car flipping brought about the cancellation of the CLR project.
[edit] Touring Cars
It was intended to enter rally racing with the Mercedes-Benz W201 in the early 1980s.[citation needed] Yet, as all wheel drive and turbochargers were introduced by the competition (Audi Quattro) at that time, this was cancelled. Instead the W201 ended up being used in the DTM touring car series from 1988, with the car again being prepared by AMG,[citation needed] who became an official partner and continue to enter the new DTM to the present day. Mercedes currently competes in the new DTM championship.
[edit] Formula Three
In the five years since Mercedes-Benz began its involvement in Formula Three, it has developed into the formula's most dominant engine supplier. Its engines, which are built and serviced by H.W.A GmbH, have so far contributed to a total of four drivers' and four teams' championship titles in the Formula Three Euroseries and British Formula Three Championship.
The H.W.A Mercedes-AMG M271 was based on a 1.8ltr 4-cylinder from the C-Klasse, bored out to the regulation 2.0ltr capacity.[2] Formula Three engine regulations demand a naturally-aspirated, 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, production-based specification, with a capacity of not more than 2000cc.[3] The M271 made its competitive debut in the 2002 German Formula 3 Championship in two of Mücke Motorsport's three Dallara F302 chassis, driven by Markus Winkelhock and Marcel Lasse.[4] Winkelhock achieved Mercedes' first F3 win at the Nürburgring in August 2002.[5]
In 2003, Mercedes expanded its Formula Three program by supplying three teams in the inaugural year of the F3 Euroseries. Its engine powered the seven cars of Mücke Motorsport, Team Kolles, and ASM Formule 3.[6] Speiss-Opel was dominant, thanks in part to Ryan Briscoe and Prema Powerteam, but Mercedes was winning by the eighth round.[7] Its most notable win was provided by Christian Klien at Zandvoort in the non-championship Marlboro Masters.[8]
Between 2004 and 2006, Mercedes-powered cars have dominated the drivers' and teams' championships in the Euroseries, due in part to its close relationship with ASM Formule 3, which is one of France's most successful F3 teams. It has brought drivers' titles for Jamie Green, Lewis Hamilton, and Paul di Resta.[9] 2006 also saw Mercedes' first participation in the British F3 Championship, when it partnered with Double R Racing, (co-owned by Kimi Räikkönen), and two other teams.[10] Double R Racing's lead driver, Mike Conway, dominated the championship.[11]
[edit] Other Sports
[edit] Speed Records
On August 13–21, 1983 at the Nardo High Speed Track in southern Italy, the new compact-size W201 190 class, sporting a 16-valve engine, built by Cosworth, broke three FIA world records after running almost non-stop (only a 20-sec pit stop every 2½ hours) in a total of 201 hours, 39 minutes, and 43 seconds—completing 50,000 km at maximum speed of 247 km/h.[citation needed] It went on to become the 190E 2.3-16 touring model.
[edit] Indycar
In 1994, the Indianapolis 500 was won with an engine from Mercedes-Benz which, realizing that a loophole in the rules for production-based engines would include any pushrod engine,[citation needed] built a very unusual purpose-built pushrod engine with a significant power advantage. This was done knowing that the "forgotten" loophole would be closed immediately after they took advantage of it,[citation needed] and so the engine would in fact be usable only for this single race.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ The Story Of The Grand Prix Article
- ^ Mercedes develops new engine Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ FIA Formula 3 Technical Regulations - Articles 5.1-5.6 p.8-9
- ^ 2002 German F3 entry list Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ Winkelhock wins for Mercedes Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ Mercedes increases its attack Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ 2003 Euroseries results Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ Masters: Klien cleans up Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ Euroseries champions Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ Mercedes confirms British F3 supply Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
- ^ 2006 British F3 Championship standings Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
