Melange

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Melange is the name of the fictional drug (also known as [the] spice) central to the Dune series of science fiction novels by Frank Herbert, and derivative works. Its flavor strongly resembles that of cinnamon; however, each subsequent tasting reveals a different flavor.

Contents 1 Origin 2 Use 3 Quotes 4 References

[edit] Origin

In Dune, there is only one source of melange: the sands of the planet Arrakis, colloquially known as Dune. Melange is a geriatric drug that gives the user a longer lifespan, greater vitality, and heightened awareness; it can also unlock prescience in some subjects, depending upon the dosage and the consumer's physiology. Its use to enhance prescience makes interstellar travel possible. Melange is the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe.

A Pre-spice mass is the precursor of melange; the mass is formed by the chemical alterations induced in water collected underground by sandtrout, the haploid forms of sandworms. These chemical processes produce gases, which build up until the mass explodes in what is known as a spice blow. This explosion kills most of the larvae and releases the melange onto the surface of the desert. Liet-Kynes describes one in Dune:

Then he heard the sand rumbling. Every Fremen knew the sound, could distinguish it immediately from the noises of worms or other desert life. Somewhere beneath him, the pre-spice mass had accumulated enough water and organic matter from the little makers, had reached the critical stage of wild growth. A gigantic bubble of carbon dioxide was forming deep in the sand, heaving upward in an enormous "blow" with a dust whirlpool at its center. It would exchange what had been formed deep in the sand for whatever lay on the surface.

Collecting the melange is hazardous in the extreme, since rhythmic activity on the desert surface of Arrakis attracts the worms, which are four hundred meters in length on average, and very dangerous, capable of swallowing a mining crawler whole. Thus, the mining operation essentially consists of vacuuming it off the surface with a harvesting machine until a worm comes, at which time a carry-all aircraft lifts the mining vehicle to safety. The Fremen, who have learned to co-exist with the sandworms in the desert, harvest the spice manually for their own use and for smuggling off-planet.

Spice is in general use all over the universe, and is a sign of wealth. To ingest it is the ultimate display of conspicuous consumption. The planet Arrakis is central to the inhabited worlds of the universe because it is the sole source of spice.

Later, an artificial method of producing the spice is discovered by the Bene Tleilax, who develop in secret the technology to produce melange from axolotl tanks later in the series. It was not fully successful in pushing natural melange out of the market place.

[edit] Use

Although it is referred to as "spice" and can be mixed with food, melange is indeed a drug in the clinical sense, its use being physically addictive and having intense psychotropic effects. Spice is also a powerful entheogen, which suitably trained adepts can use to initiate clairvoyant and precognitive trances, and access racial memory. A melange user, once accustomed to regular consumption of the substance, is thereafter compelled to continue using it for the rest of his or her life, as the sudden discontinuation of its use will induce excruciating withdrawal symptoms, followed by death. Taken daily, however, melange can extend its user's lifespan by hundreds of years. Due to its rarity and value, and its necessity as a catalyst for interstellar travel, the group controlling spice production on Dune controls the fate of the Empire, a form of hydraulic despotism.

Melange serves as the axis about which the human universe turns, it being required for space travel, and with most elites addicted to (and living much longer because of) the drug. Herbert wrote that he intended for melange in the Dune universe to mimic the role that petroleum plays in current human society, in the way that the elites of the 20th century were dependent upon the flow of petroleum for civilization to survive week after week. Following this line, Herbert wrote CHOAM to be the corporation with a monopoly on melange distribution, as a stronger version of OPEC, which can essentially set the price of oil today by means of its control over a large amount of the world's oil production.

Extensive use of the drug tints the sclera, cornea and iris of the user to a dark shade of blue, which is something of a source of pride amongst the Fremen and a symbol of their tribal bond. Paul Atreides, the main character in the original Dune novel, initially has green eyes, but after several years on Arrakis his eyes begin to take on the deep, uniform blue (also called "blue-in-blue" or "the Eyes of Ibad") of the Fremen. On other planets, the addicted often use tinted contact lenses to hide this discoloration.^{[1] [2]} In Dune, Paul sees two Guildsmen and notes:

The taller of the two, though, held a hand to his left eye. As the Emperor watched, someone jostled the Guildsman's arm, the hand moved, and the eye was revealed. The man had lost one of his masking contact lenses, and the eye stared out a total blue so dark as to be almost black.

The Navigators of the Spacing Guild depend upon melange for the heightened awareness and the prescient ability to see safe paths through space-time, allowing them to navigate the gigantic Guild Heighliners between planets. They exist within a cloud of melange in a tank; this extended exposure warps their bodies into a grotesque neotenic parody of a human fish.

The Bene Gesserit use "spice essence", the toxic substance that can be converted to melange, for the ritual known as the Spice agony, an ordeal in which an acolyte deliberately imbibes a massive overdose and confronts her inner-self and the selves of all her female ancestors. If she masters the confrontation, she emerges as a Reverend Mother, a Bene Gesserit of terrifying abilities, fully in command of her Other Memories, the collective egos of her female ancestors. The process is fatal to those not strong enough. It is said that no male has ever survived this process other than Paul Atreides and his son, Leto II.

[edit] Quotes

• "He who controls the spice, controls the universe."

—Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, Dune

• "The spice must flow."

—Various characters

• "In this time, the most precious substance in the universe is the spice melange. The spice extends life. The spice expands consciousness."

— Opening monologue from the 1984 film Dune, spoken by Virginia Madsen as Princess Irulan

[edit] References

• Herbert, Frank. Dune. 1965 (reprint). ISBN 0-441-17271-7
• Herbert, Frank. Heretics of Dune. 1984 (reprint). ISBN 0-441-32800-8
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin, 2000. ISBN 0-618-08230-1