User:Mbc362/draft

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[edit] George W. Bush

[edit] To Do

  • Combine into one paragraph

[edit] Environmental Policy

Announced by President Bush in 2002,[1] the Clear Skies Initiative was aimed at amending the Clean Air Act to reduce air pollution through the use of emissions trading programs. Critics contended that it would have weakened the original legislation as it would have allowed higher levels of pollutants than were currently permitted.[2] The initiative was introduced to Congress as the Clear Skies Act of 2003, but failed to make it out of committee.

In 2006, Bush declared the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a national monument, creating the largest marine reserve to date. It comprises 84 million acres and is home to 7,000 species of fish, birds and other marine animals, many of which are specific to only those islands.[3] The move was hailed by conservationists for "its foresight and leadership in protecting this incredible area."[4]

[edit] To Do

  • Reorganize
  • Cut redundant/irrelevant info
  • Add John Howard

[edit] Foreign perceptions

An anti-Iraq War protester in London carries a placard calling Bush the "World's #1 Terrorist".
An anti-Iraq War protester in London carries a placard calling Bush the "World's #1 Terrorist".

Bush has been widely criticized in the international community; he was targeted by the global anti-war and anti-globalization campaigns, and criticized for his foreign policy in general. Bush's policies were also the subject of heated criticism in the 2002 elections in Germany[5] and the 2006 elections in Canada.[6] Bush was openly condemned by current and former international leaders such as Gerhard Schröder, Jean Chrétien, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Romano Prodi, Paul Martin, and notably Hugo Chavez. Later in Bush's presidency, tensions arose between himself and Vladimir Putin, which has led to a cooling of their relationship.[7]

Bush has been described as having especially close personal relationships with Tony Blair and Vicente Fox, although formal relations are sometimes strained.[8][9][10]

George W. Bush answering a reporter’s question during a joint press conference with British Prime Minister Tony Blair in the East Room of the White House, July 28, 2006. White House photo by Paul Morse
George W. Bush answering a reporter’s question during a joint press conference with British Prime Minister Tony Blair in the East Room of the White House, July 28, 2006. White House photo by Paul Morse

In 2006 a majority of respondents in 18 of 21 countries surveyed around the world were found to hold an unfavorable opinion of Bush. Respondents indicated that they judged his administration as "negative" for world security.[11][12] A poll conducted in Britain placed Bush at the second biggest "threat to world peace" after Bin Laden, topping North Korean president Kim Jong-Il.[13] According to a poll taken in November of 2006, Finns, also believed that Bush was the second biggest "threat to the world peace" after Bin Laden. Kim Jong-Il came 3rd in poll and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Hassan Nasrallah came joint fourth.[14]

Some people, such as Benjamin Ferencz, a chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials, expressed the view that Bush should be tried, along with Saddam Hussein, for starting a war of aggression, the supreme international crime under the Nuremberg Principles.[15] Other experts also regarded the Bush Administration's decision to invade Iraq as illegitimate: "There was no authorization from the U.N. Security Council ... and that made it a crime against the peace," said Francis Boyle, professor of international law, who also said the U.S. Army's field manual required such authorization for an offensive war.[16] However, some foreign policy experts at the time had argued that the U.N. Security Council was a weak institution whose authorization for the invasion of Iraq was not necessary; pointing out that every permanent member of the U.N. Security Council had undertaken at least one war without the council's permission or endorsement, and no such authorization came from the U.N. in other U.S. military action such as in Vietnam, Haiti, Kosovo, Panama or Grenada, or for that matter President Jimmy Carter's attempt to rescue American hostages during the Iran Hostage Crisis.[17]

[edit] Harken Energy

[edit] To Do

  • Expand!

[edit] Links

beginnings

Harken Energy Corporation is an American oil and gas company, headquartered in Southlake, Texas. Its shares trade publicly on the American Stock Exchange.

[edit] Beginnings

[edit] Current Situation

[edit] Controversy

Main article: Harken Energy Scandal

Harken has attracted attention because of the role played in its affairs in the 1980s by George W. Bush, later the President of the United States. Bush, while a corporate officer, sold stock in Harken shortly before the company announced substantial losses. This transaction resulted in a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of probable insider trading; see George W. Bush's business and early political career. A Harken transaction associated with the endowment fund of Harvard University has also been questioned and Harken board member from Harvard, Michael R. Eisenson.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Executive Summary – The Clear Skies Initiative. White House (2002-02-14). Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  2. ^ Clear Skies Proposal Weakens the Clean Air Act. Sierra Club. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
  3. ^ Bush creates world’s biggest ocean preserve. MSNBC (2006-06-16). Retrieved on 2007-01-31.
  4. ^ The Nature Conservancy Applauds President Bush for Creating World’s Largest Marine Conservation Area in Hawaii. The Nature Conservancy (2006-06-16). Retrieved on 2007-01-31.
  5. ^ M. Overhaus, S. chieder (2002). "Die außenpolitischen Positionen der Parteien im Bundestagswahlkampf 2002". Politik im Netz. 
  6. ^ CBC News. "Was the American ambassador meddling in a Canadian election?", CBC.ca Reality Check Team, 2005-12-14. Retrieved on 2006-09-23.
  7. ^ Condon, George E. Jr. (2006-07-21). Bush, White House now leery of Putin as Russian turns back on democracy. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved on 2006-09-09.
  8. ^ Keeping the U.S. at Bay, Mexican Presidential Candidate Looks to Move Past Fox's Failures Marcela Sanchez (March 3, 2006)
  9. ^ Mexico's President Snubs Bush, Vicente Fox Cancels Visit To Bush Ranch To Protest Execution (August 15, 2002)
  10. ^ Row over Bush security as Blair defends visit Ewen MacAskill, Hugh Muir and Julian Borger in Washington, The Guardian (November 11, 2003)
  11. ^ In 18 of 21 Countries Polled, Most See Bush’s Reelection as Negative for World Security. BBC World Service and Program on International Policy Attitudes ([2004]). Retrieved on 2006-09-24.
  12. ^ Polls: World Not Pleased With Bush. Associated Press (March 4, 2004). Retrieved on 2006-09-24.
  13. ^ British believe Bush is more dangerous than Kim Jong-il
  14. ^ He uhkaavat maailman turvallisuutta (They threat the world peace). Iltalehti (2006-11-11). Retrieved on 2006-11-11.
  15. ^ Glantz, Aaron (2006-08-25). Bush and Saddam Should Both Stand Trial, Says Nuremberg Prosecutor. OneWorld. Retrieved on 2006-09-09.
  16. ^ Iraq war bashed at hearing for soldier who wouldn't go Hal Bernton (August 18, 2006)
  17. ^ U.N. Blessing Is Just a Frill for a U.S. War in Iraq Walter Russell Mead, Los Angeles Times (February 23, 2003)

[edit] External link

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