Maximus Decimus Meridius
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Decius Meridius Maximus Ulpianus is a fictional character in Ridley Scott's film Gladiator, in which he was portrayed by Russell Crowe. In 2003 Maximus was on the American Film Institute list of 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains ranked at #50 on the heroes list.
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[edit] Background
In the film, which is set in ancient Rome, Maximus was a general of the Army of the North, and a close friend of the ailing Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. The Emperor appointed him legatus of the revered Felix Legion and commander of the northern armies, which he led against the Marcomanni in Germania. He was away for two years, 264 days, and the morning after the final victory against the barbarians near the river Danube.
After Marcus Aurelius's death in the camp at Vindobona, his son Commodus was declared Emperor. Suspecting Commodus of having killed his own father, Maximus refused to give allegiance to the new Emperor. Commodus then had Maximus arrested and ordered his family murdered. As he was about to be executed, however, Maximus overwhelmed his guards and escaped.
Maximus returned home to his villa in Hispania, and found his wife and son burned and crucified. He passed out from sorrow and his wounds, and was captured by slavers while asleep.
He was sold to the aging ex-gladiator Proximo, and trained at his school, being given the name of "The Spaniard" for his national origin. Vowing revenge against Commodus, he competed in many gladiatorial battles in stadia, in which he fought completely without fear; he cared little about the possibility of death, having lost the will to live after losing his family. He was soon famed throughout all of Rome, and was brought to fight finally in the Colosseum — in front of the new Emperor.
Proximo's gladiators first battle in the Colosseum was a historical recreation of the fall of Carthage. Leading the gladiators, Maximus won against the 'superior Roman legions', and comes to Commodus' attention. Maximus then reveals his true identity, and swears that he will kill him.
An attempt to escape Rome to re-unite with his army fails, and Maximus is pitted against Commodus in a final match in the Colosseum with the title of Emperor going to the victor. While awaiting the contest as a bound prisoner, Commodus mortally wounds Maximus to ensure his own victory. His rage overpowers the wound, however, and Maximus kills Commodus in the arena. Moments later, as he himself is about to die, Maximus uses his newfound power to turn the leadership of Rome over to Gracchus, a moderate senator, and declares the rest of the slaves are to be freed. He is then given the final honors of a fallen imperial hero.
[edit] Name
Throughout the movie, he is called "Maximus," even by strangers; the correct way ancient Romans would have addressed him depends on whether or not "Maximus" serves as a cognomen or as a title. If "Maximus" serves as a title, then his full name could have been Aelius Decimus Meridius Maximus, and thus he would have been referred to by his title "Maximus". If a cognomen, any combination with the family name, Meridius, coming at the end would have been acceptable, though each combination would have had a different meaning. For example Aelius Maximus Decimus Meridius would mean that he is either the first son of Aelius Maximus Meridius or the last son of Aelius Meridius. Likewise, the cognomen Maximus or Decimus could have been added for any number of reasons; it may be a traditional name implying the significance of the "tenth" of something, it may imply he was born in the tenth month or on the tenth day, and so on.
The title of "The Spaniard" is probably derived from Hispania, the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.
[edit] Inspiration
Maximus was based on six historical individuals:
- Spartacus, the gladiator-turned-general;
- Narcissus, Commodus' wrestling partner and trainer who actually killed Commodus, by strangling him during a bath (in the original script, Maximus' name was "Narcissus")
- Paulinus Gaius Maximus, a fictional Roman general who was the main character in Wallace Breem's book, Eagle in the Snow;
- Cincinnatus, the Roman Republican general and dictator who wanted nothing more than to return to his home following completion of his military services for Rome.
- In Emperor Marcus Aurelius' famous book of stoic philosophy, Meditations, he briefly mentions a person named Maximus whom he looked to as a role model.
- Magnus Maximus, a general who became an emperor.
[edit] In other media
Maximus had appeared on the BBC comedy programme Dead Ringers, in which he is seen attempting to hire a plumber or builder to repair some Roman ruins, which he claims are his home. He also appears in the pilot episode, in which he is in an advertisement for Claims Direct, and in a sketch from the television series of the programme, where he trades catchphrases with Crowe's character from Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World.
[edit] Trivia
In the movie, Maximus has a tattoo on his upper-arm/shoulder that reads "S.P.Q.R.", a common Latin abbreviation that was used to mean Rome, it's commonly translated as Senatus Populusque Romanus, "The Senate and People of Rome"
