Max Immelmann

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Max Immelmann
September 21, 1890 - June 18, 1916
Max Immelmann
Nickname	Der Adler von Lille
Place of birth	Dresden
Place of death	Sallaumines
Allegiance	German Empire
Service/branch	Luftstreitkräfte (Imperial German Army Air Service, forerunner of the Luftwaffe}
Years of service	1914-1916
Rank	Oberleutnant
Unit	FA62
Awards	-Prussia: Pour le Mérite Iron Cross, First Class Iron Cross, Second Class Knight's Cross with Swords of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern -Saxony: Military Order of St. Henry, Commander's Cross Military Order of St. Henry, Knight's Cross Albert Order, Knight 2nd Class with Swords Silver Friedrich August Medal -Bavaria: Military Merit Order 4th Class with Swords -Anhalt: Friedrich Cross -Hamburg: Hanseatic Cross -Germany: Army Pilot's Badge

Max Immelmann (September 21, 1890 - June 18, 1916) was a German World War I Flying ace.

He was born in Dresden, the son of a paper board container factory owner. After leaving school, he joined the Eisenbahnregiment Berlin. During 1913 - 1914, he studied mechanical engineering in Dresden.

When World War I started, Immelmann was recalled to active service, transferred to the Luftstreitkräfte and was sent for pilot training in November 1914. He was initially stationed in northern France as a reconnaissance aviator. On June 3, 1915 he was shot down by a French pilot but managed to land safely behind German lines. He was decorated with the Iron Cross, Second Class for preserving his aircraft. Later in 1915, he became a fighter pilot. He became known as Eagle of Lille (Der Adler von Lille).

An aerobatic maneuver consisting of a half loop followed by a half roll on top, used to rapidly reverse the direction of flight, is now called an Immelmann turn. At the top of the maneuver the aircraft is upside-down but the roll returns it to the upright position. This maneuver would actually not have been a practical proposition in the primitive, underpowered fighters of 1915-16, and what was called an "Immelmann turn" during the first world war was a sharp rudder turn off a vertical zoom following a steep dive - resembling what is nowadays called a "wingover".

The Immelmann loop, found on some steel roller coasters, is named after him as well.

Immelmann was the first pilot to be awarded the Pour le Mérite, Germany's highest military honour. The medal became colloquially known as the "Blue Max" in the German Air Service in honor of Immelmann. His medal was presented by Kaiser Wilhelm II in January 1916. Oswald Boelcke received his medal at the same ceremony.

Immelmann was killed in combat over Sallaumines in northern France on June 18, 1916. Some sources, including the German Air Service at the time, claimed the loss was due to (friendly) anti-aircraft artillery. Others, including his brother, believed his aircraft's interrupter mechanism (which was designed to prevent his through-the-propeller machinegun from damaging the propeller blades) had catastrophically malfunctioned. According to the official British account he was shot down by an F.E.2b aircraft of 25 Squadron Royal Flying Corps, flown by Second Lieutenant G.R. McCubbin with Corporal J. H. Waller as gunner/observer. Corporal Waller was credited with the victory by the Royal Flying Corps. However, the official German account today lists the loss as due to artillery fire.

Immelmann was credited with 17 victories. His final victory was on 30 March 1916 [1].