Mathura lion capital

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The Mathura lion capital (British Museum).
The Mathura lion capital (British Museum).

The Mathura lion capital is a Indo-Scythian sandstone capital from Mathura in Central India, dated to the 1st century CE.

The capital is covered with Prakrit inscriptions in the kharoshthi script of northwestern India. The capital was made on the occasion of the funeral of "the illustrious king Muki and his horse" (Muki has been conjectured to be Maues).

The capital describes, among other donations, the gift of a stupa with a relic of the Buddha, by Queen Aiyasi Kamuia, the "chief queen of the Indo-Scythian ruler of Mathura, strap Rajuvula", mentioned as the "daughter of Kharaosta Kamuio" (See: Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions below). The lion capital also mentions the genealogy of several Indo-Scythian satraps of Mathura. It mentions Sodasa, son of Rajuvula, who succeeded him and also made Mathura his capital.

The capital also displays at its center a Buddhist triratana symbol, further confirming the involvement of Indo-Scythian rulers with Buddhism.

It is on display at the British Museum in the Joseph E. Hotung Gallery.

[edit] List of inscriptions

Buddhist symbol of the triratana at the center of the capital, supported by a convoluted tree, possibly a variation of the anthemion design.
Buddhist symbol of the triratana at the center of the capital, supported by a convoluted tree, possibly a variation of the anthemion design.

Here is the list of the inscriptions in simplified Gandhari script (see [1] for exact transcription):

  • A1 mahaksha[tra]vasa rajulasa
"For the Great satrap Rajuvula"
  • A2 agra-maheshi ayasia
"Chief Queen Ayasia,"
  • A3 kamuia dhida
"The kamuia daughter of"
  • A4 kharaostasa yuvarana
"The heir-apparent Kharahostes,"
  • A5 mada nada-diakasa [taye]
  • A6 sadha matra abuhola[e]
  • A7 pitramahi pishpasia bhra
  • A8 tra hayuarana sadha hana dhi[tra]
  • A9 a[te]urena horaka-pa
  • A10 rivarena isha pradhravi-prade
  • A11 she nisime sharira pradithavido
"Has offered relics of"
  • A12 bhakhavado shakamunisa budhasa
"The bhagavat Buddha Sakyamuni"
  • A13 muki-[shiri]-raya sashpa [a]bhusavi[ta]
  • A14 thuva ca sagharama ca cadu
  • A15 dishasa saghasa sarva
  • A16 stivadana parigrahe


Lion detail on the Mathura lion capital. British Museum.
Lion detail on the Mathura lion capital. British Museum.
  • E1 kharaosto yuvaraya
"The heir-apparent Kharahostes,"
  • E’ kamuio
"A kamuia"
  • E2 khalamasa kumara
  • E3 maja kanitha
  • E4 saman[u] moda
  • E’’ kha karita


  • B1/B2 mahakshatravasa va[ra]julasa putra
"The son of the Great Satrap Rajuvula:"
  • C1 kalui a
  • C2 varajo
  • C3 sudase kshatrave
"The Satrap Sodasa"


  • D1 nauludo


  • M1 kshatrave sudise
  • M2 imo padhravi
  • M3 pradesho


  • I1 veyaudirna kadhavaro busapa
  • I2 ro kadha
  • I3 varo
  • I4 vi ya u


  • J1 rvaraparena palichina
  • J2 nisimo karita niyadido


  • H’dhamadana
  • H guhavihare


  • KL1 ayariasa
  • KL2 budhadevasa
"The divine Buddha"
  • KL3 udaena ayimi[ta]


  • F1 budhilasa nakharaasa
  • F2 bhikhusa sarvastivadasa
"Sarvastivada monk"


  • G1/G2 mahakshat[r]avasa kusul[u]asa patikasa mevaki[sa] miyikasa kshat[r]avasa puyae
"The satrap Miyika honours the great satrap Kusulaka Patika"


  • J3 sarvastivadana parigrahe


  • N1 ayariasa budhilasa nakharakhasa bhikhu
  • N2 sa sarvastivadasa pagra
  • N3 na mahasaghiana pra
  • N4 ma navidave khalulasa


  • O1/O2 sarvabudhana puya dhamasa puya saghasa puya
"Revere all the Buddhas, revere the dharma, revere the sangha"


  • P1/P2 sarvasa sakhasta nasa puyae
"In reverence of all the dead Sakas"


  • Q1 khardaasa
"Kharda"
  • Q2 kshatravasa
"the Satrap"


  • R1 takshilasa
"Taxila"
  • R2 kroninasa


  • J'1 khalasamu
  • J'2 so

[edit] External links


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