Mathew Brady

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Mathew B. Brady (ca. 1823 – January 15 or January 16^[1], 1896) was a celebrated American photographer whose rise to prominence occurred largely in the years preceding and during the American Civil War. Following the conflict, a war weary public lost interest in seeing photos of the war, and Brady’s popularity and practice declined drastically.

Brady was born in Warren County, New York, to Irish immigrant parents, Andrew and Julia Brady. He moved to New York City at the age of 17. By 1844, he had his own photography studio in New York, and by 1845, Brady began to exhibit his portraits of famous Americans. He opened a studio in Washington, D.C. in 1849, where he met Juliette Handy, whom he married in 1851. Brady's early images were daguerreotypes, and he won many awards for his work; in the 1850s ambrotype photography became popular, which gave way to the albumen print, a paper photograph produced from large glass negatives most commonly used in the American Civil War photography. In 1859, Parisian photographer André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri popularized the cartes de visite and these small pictures (the size of a visiting card) rapidly became a popular novelty as millions of these images were created and sold in the United States and Europe.

Brady's efforts to document the Civil War on a grand scale by bringing his photographic studio right onto the battlefields earned Brady his place in history. Despite the obvious dangers, financial risk, and discouragement of his friends he is later quoted as saying "I had to go. A spirit in my feet said 'Go,' and I went." His first popular photographs of the conflict were at the First Battle of Bull Run, in which he got so close to the action that he only just avoided being captured.

He employed Alexander Gardner, James Gardner, Timothy H. O'Sullivan, William Pywell, George N. Barnard, and eighteen other men, each of whom were given a traveling darkroom, to go out and photograph scenes from the Civil War. Brady generally stayed in Washington, D.C., organizing his assistants and rarely visited battlefields personally. This may have been due, at least in part, to the fact that Brady's eyesight began to deteriorate in the 1850s.

Also in 1862, Brady presented an exhibition of photographs from the Battle of Antietam in his New York gallery entitled, "The Dead of Antietam." Many of the images in this presentation were graphic photographs of corpses, making the presentation totally new to America. This was the first time that anyone had seen the realities of war firsthand (albeit in photographs) as distinct from previous "artists' impressions".

Brady photographed portraits of many senior Union officers in the war, such as Ulysses S. Grant, Nathaniel Banks, Don Carlos Buell, Ambrose Burnside, Benjamin Butler, Joshua Chamberlain, George Custer, David Farragut, John Gibbon, Winfield Hancock, Samuel P. Heintzelman, Joseph Hooker, Oliver Howard, David Hunter, John A. Logan, Irvin McDowell, George McClellan, James McPherson, George Meade, David Dixon Porter, William Rosecrans, John Schofield, William Sherman, Daniel Sickles, Henry Warner Slocum, George Stoneman, Edwin V. Sumner, George Thomas, Emory Upton, James Wadsworth, and Lew Wallace. On the Confederate side, Brady managed to photograph P.G.T. Beauregard, Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, Lord Lyons, James Henry Hammond, and Robert E. Lee. (Lee's first session with Brady was in 1845 as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, his final after the war in Richmond, Virginia.) Brady also photographed Abraham Lincoln on many occasions.

During the war Brady spent over $100,000 to create 10,000 prints. He expected the U.S. government to buy the photographs when the war ended, but when the government refused to do so he was forced to sell his New York City studio and go into bankruptcy. Congress granted Brady $25,000 in 1875, but he remained deeply in debt. Depressed by his financial situation, and devastated by the death of his wife in 1887, Brady became an alcoholic and died penniless in the charity ward of Presbyterian Hospital in New York City, from complications following a streetcar accident. His funeral was financed by veterans of the 7th New York Infantry. He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington.

[edit] See also

• Photography and photographers of the American Civil War

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Panzer, Mary (1997). Mathew Brady and the Image of History. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. ISBN 1-58834-143-7, LCC TR140.B7 P36 1997. 

[edit] External links

• http://www.mathewbrady.com
• Mathew Brady in the Civil War
• Civil War Photographs by Mathew Brady and his collaborators, Library of Congress
• Mathew Brady - Biographical Note, Library of Congress
• Over 6,500 portraits, landscapes, and battle scenes from Brady's collection.
• Mathew Brady's Portraits at the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
• Online Collection of 5,000 Mathew Brady Portraits

Persondata
NAME	Brady, Mathew B.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION
DATE OF BIRTH	ca. 1823
PLACE OF BIRTH	Warren County, New York
DATE OF DEATH	1896-01-15 or 1896-01-16
PLACE OF DEATH	Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, New York