Martti Välikangas

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Martti Välikangas (born Martti Buddén, August 1, 1893, County of Kuopio - died May 9, 1973, Helsinki) was a Finnish architect renowned for the design of the Käpylä Garden City in Helsinki, designed in the Nordic Classicism style.

Välikangas studied architecture at Helsinki University of Technology, qualifying as an architect in 1917. In 1921 he left on a study tour of Italy (as well as visiting the other Nordic countries, Germany, France and north Africa), a common practice at that time for architects in the Nordic countries who were turning away from National Romanticism.

After qualifying Välikangas worked in Yuzovka in Russia (present-day Donetsk in the Ukraine), but had to leave in a hurry with the onset of the Bolshevik Revolution. On his return he worked for the Brändö Villastad company as well as in the architect’s office of Gösta Juslén and, from 1918 to 1920, in the office of Frosterus and Gripenberg. Välikangas founded his own office in 1920, while also working elsewhere. He was chief architect at the National Board of Building from 1937 until the Winter War in 1940. From 1942 to 1944 he was head of the office responsible for post-war reconstruction.

For a long time Välikangas acted as the director of the board responsible for the restoration of Turku Castle. From 1928 to 1930 he was Editor-in-Chief of the Finnish Architectural Review, in doing so influencing the spread of Modernist architecture in Finland.

Välikangas’s most notable work was the the Puukäpylä [‘wood Käpylä’] Garden Suburb in Käpylä on the then northern edge of Helsinki, from 1920 to 1925, a commission he received at the age of 26. Puukäpylä was a model workers’ housing area, built at a time when there was a bad housing problem for workers in the city. The construction follows the typical Finnish vernacular method: square-log construction then faced in weatherboarding. However, the whole process was partly industrialized, and the area is regarded as the first prefabricated housing area in Finland. The mostly 2-storey semi-detached timber houses are arranged around sheltered courtyards, where originally the tenants’ vegetable gardens were sited. The colours vary slightly from one house to another, but with a dominance of traditional red ochre. The area is still mostly occupied by working-class families though it has also been a popular residential area for professional types, especially architects – and it also has become a favourite tourist attraction.

The Olympic Games were due to take place in Helsinki in 1940 (but were cancelled due to the Second World War, to be held eventually in Helsinki in 1952), and Välikangas participated in the design of the Olympic Village, together with architect Hilding Ekelund. Välikangas also designed the Olympic Riding Hall.

Other buildings designed by Välikangas in Helsinki include: a large tenament block on the corner of Sturenkatu and Hauhonkatu (1924), the Helsinki V school (Apollonkatu 11), and apartment blocks at Vuorikatu 9 and on Abrahaminkatu. Välikangas also designed a number of buildings in the town of Mikkeli: the gate building of the Sports Park (1934), the bus station (1934), Harju Chapel (1937), an extension to the Päämaja School (1937), the Jama Commercial building and civic defence building (1938), and Savings Bank building (1940); and in the county of Savo: the Savonlinna Central Hospital, the Parkumäki Memeorial (1929), and the Koikkala Church in Juva (1959).

The archives of Martti Välikangas are in the possession of the Museum of Finnish Architecture in Helsinki.