Martha Mitchell effect
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The Martha Mitchell effect is the process by which a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other mental health clinician mistakes his or her patient's belief in real events for delusion and diagnoses accordingly.
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[edit] Description
According to Bell et al., "Sometimes, improbable reports are erroneously assumed to be symptoms of mental illness," due to a "failure or inability to verify whether the events have actually taken place, no matter how improbable intuitively they might appear to the busy clinician."[1] They note that typical examples of such situations, may include:
- Pursuit by practitioners of organized crime.
- Surveillance by law enforcement officers.
- Infidelity by a spouse
Quoting Joseph Berke, the authors note that "even paranoids have enemies." Any patient, they explain, can be misdiagnosed by clinicians, even one with a history of paranoid delusions.
[edit] Origin
Psychologist Brendan Maher named the effect after Martha Beall Mitchell.[2] Mrs. Mitchell was the wife of John Mitchell, Attorney-General in the Nixon administration. When she alleged that White House officials were engaged in illegal activities, her claims were attributed to mental illness. Ultimately, however, the relevant facts of the Watergate scandal vindicated her.
