Manx (cat)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Manx |
|---|
 |
| Common nicknames: |
| Cabbit, Cymric (if long-haired) |
| Country of origin: |
| Isle of Man (Crown dependency) |
| Breed standards (external links): |
| AACE, CFA, ACFA, TICA, CCA, ACF, FIFe, GCCF |
The Manx is a breed of cats with a naturally occurring mutation of the spine. This mutation shortens the tail, resulting in a range of tail lengths from normal to tailless. Many Manx have a small 'stub' of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless and it is the distinguishing characteristic of the breed.
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[edit] Origin
The Manx breed originated on the Isle of Man (hence the name), where they are common. They are called stubbin in the Manx language. They are an old breed, and tailless cats were common on the island as long as three hundred years ago. The taillessness arises from a genetic mutation that became common on the island (an example of the Founder effect). The Manx tailless gene is dominant and highly penetrant; kittens from Manx parents are generally born without any tail. Having two copies of the gene is lethal and kittens are usually spontaneously aborted before birth.[1][2] This means that tailless cats can carry only one copy of the gene. Because of the danger of having two copies of the tailess gene, breeders have to be careful about breeding two tailess Manxes together.[3] (A similar problem occurs with the gene responsible for the Scottish Fold.) Problems can be avoided by breeding tailess cats with tailed ones and this breeding practice is responsible for the decreasing occurrence of spinal problems in recent years.
There are various legends that seek to explain why the Manx has no tail. In one of them, Noah closed the door of the ark when it began to rain and accidentally cut off the Manx's tail, who'd been playing and almost got left behind. [4] Another legend claims that the Manx is the offspring of a cat and a rabbit which is why it has no tail and rather long hind legs. In addition, they move with more of a hop than a stride, like a rabbit. This legend was further reinforced by the Cabbit myth. Recent postcards on the Isle of Man depict a cartoon scene of a cat's tail be run over and removed by a motorbike, as motorbike racing is popular on the Island.
[edit] Appearance
The hind legs of a Manx are longer than the front legs, creating a continuous arch from shoulders to rump giving the cat a rounded appearance.
[edit] Tail length
Manx kittens are classified according to tail length:
- Dimple rumpy or rumpy - no tail whatsoever
- Riser or rumpy riser - stub of cartilage or several vertebrae under the fur, most noticeable when kitten is happy and raising its 'tail'
- Stumpy - partial tail, more than a 'riser' but less than 'tailed' (in rare cases kittens are born with kinked tails because of incomplete growth of the tail during development)
- Tailed or longy - complete or near complete tail
Breeders have reported all tail lengths even within the same litter.
The ideal show Manx is the rumpy; the stumpy and tailed Manx do not qualify to be shown. In the past, kittens with stumpy or full tails have been docked at birth as a preventative measure due to some partial tails being very prone to a form of arthritis that causes the cat severe pain. [4]
[edit] Coat
Manx cats exhibit two coat lengths. The short-haired Manx has a double coat with a thick, short under-layer and a longer, coarse outer-layer with guard hairs. The long-haired Manx, known to some cat registries as the Cymric, has a silky-textured double coat of medium length, with britches, belly and neck ruff, tufts of fur between the toes and full ear furnishings. The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) considers the Cymric to be a variety of Manx and judges it in the short-hair division, while The International Cat Association (TICA) judges it in the long-hair division. Short- or long-haired, all Manx have a thick double-layered coat.
[edit] Health
Pedigreed Manx cats today are much healthier and have fewer health issues related to their genetics than the Manx of years ago. This is due in part to the careful selection of breeding stock, and knowledgeable, dedicated breeders. Manx have been known to live into their mid- to high-teens and are no less healthy than other cat breeds. Like any other cat, keeping Manx cats indoors, neutering or spaying, and providing acceptable surfaces for the cat's normal scratching behavior are vital to lengthen the life of any cat.
[edit] Manx Syndrome
Manx Syndrome is a colloquial name given to the condition which results when the mutant tailless gene shortens the spine too much. It can seriously damage the spinal cord and the nerves causing spina bifida as well as problems with the bowels, bladder, and digestion. In one study it was shown to affect about 20% of Manx cats, but almost all of those cases were rumpies, which exhibit the most extreme phenotype.[2] Actual occurrences of this are rare in modern examples of the breed due to informed breeding practices.[5] Most pedigreed cats are not placed until four months of age (to make sure that they are properly socialised) and this gives adequate time for any health problems to be identified.
[edit] Personality
The Manx breed is a highly intelligent cat breed, and as such is extremely playful. Manx behavior can seem bizarre, and very reminiscent of dogs; for example, some Manx cats will fetch small objects that are thrown. They will walk well on leashes, enjoy going outdoors and riding in cars. It is considered a social feline, and the breed loves humans, they need a lot of attention and leaving one alone for too long can be cruel. This attribute makes them an ideal breed for families with young children and people who prefer a companion. A manx tends to bond with its human family. Some members of this breed tend to like water, many times even playing with it or even sitting under a dripping faucet and taking a sort of shower. This trait makes it very easy to give some Manx cats a shower for hygiene purposes, unlike most other cats. Although not as trainable as dogs, Manx cats can learn simple commands. They take great joy in attempting to outsmart people. They may be sneaky and stubborn at times. Other cat breeds that share similar personality traits are Bengal and Ocicat. If there are multiple Manx cats in a household, an owner might notice that they chase each other frequently; they'll also chase humans or other pets who are often displeased about being chased. This is common behaviour for Manx cats; they like to chase anything, be it an animal or leaf caught in the wind. Their 'meow' may resemble a long, monotonous grunt or rapid chirping. Some seem to have extensive talents for communicating including anything from singing; heaving great sighs of irritation; glaring; yowling; long strange segmented meow/grunt/gurgle/squeaks; and specific meows for specific things. Manx cats may also be very quiet, and most have very soft purrs.
[edit] Trivia
- The Manx breed, in spite of the absence of tail, has no problems with balance.
- The Isle of Man has adopted the Manx cat as a symbol of its native origins. On the Isle of Man, Manx cats appear on the 1988 "cat" crown [1] and stamps.
- Even though Manx cats cease to be kittens after one year, it takes up to five years for any Manx cat to be fully grown.[citation needed]
- The Manx was developed before the 1700s.
- The breed is of medium size with an average weight of 5.5 kg (12 lb).
- The Manx are said to be skilled hunters, known to take down larger prey even when they are young—it is not uncommon to find a Manx with a squirrel or opossum much larger than itself. They are often sought by farmers with rodent problems.
- The famous ASL speaking gorilla, Koko, has chosen three separate manx (All Ball, Lipstick and Smokey) as pets.
[edit] See also
Some Manx cats resemble rabbits because of their long hind legs. This has resulted in many being called "cabbits", a mix of the words 'rabbit' and 'cat'.
[edit] Reference
- ^ Table of various cat genes
- ^ a b Robinson, R (1993). "Expressivity of the Manx gene in cats". Journal of heredity 84 (3): 170-2. PMID 8228170.
- ^ Vella, Carolyn; Lorraine Shelton; John McGonagle; Terry Stanglein (1999). Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-4069-3.
- ^ a b Manx FAQ from Cat Fancier's Mailing List
- ^ Manx medical facts
