Macdonald River (St Albans)
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There are two rivers named Macdonald River in New South Wales, Australia. See Macdonald River
The Macdonald River is a tributary of the Hawkesbury River. It rises near Putty and flows about 60 kilometers generally south-east to where it joins the Hawkesbury River near Wisemans Ferry.
The upper reaches of the river flow through a remote canyon in the Yengo National Park. The lower valley of the river is also narrow but has small patches of relatively fertile land along its banks which were an important agricultural district in the early period of colonial settlement in New South Wales, due to its accessibility from Sydney by water. The historic village of St Albans is located in the lower Macdonald Valley.
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[edit] Settlers
Most of the course of the river is very rugged, and away from the narrow floodplain the soil becomes barren and sandy. The clearing that was carried out in the early 1800’s was all that is usable. Thirty kilometers north of St. Albans the valley becomes so narrow that there is no room for cultivable land and as families were large, farmers were forced to cultivate the flood plains down to the riverbank and even up the slopes. The first reliable record of the Macdonald valley settlers resulted from a survey by Felton Matthew in 1833-34. His map showed some 86 landholders, some with several blocks. The survey was from the mouth of the Macdonald up to the Boree Swamp that is now part of the St. Albans Common. By the mid 1840s the population reached a peak of more than 1000 people on about 100 small properties.
[edit] Aboriginals
Relations with the aboriginals (the Dharug and Barkinung people) were reasonably harmonious, The natives treated the newcomers as welcome guests, teaching bush skills and assisting in the planting of crops, little realizing that the whites intended to stay and claim ownership of the land. Property ownership was completely alien to the Aboriginals who cared for the land, but did not 'own' it.
[edit] Towns of the Macdonald
Early maps show original "Branch" farm grants in the Townships of Benton, Macdonald and Howick. The Village of Macdonald (now St. Albans) was established at the site of a drover’s camp called "Bullock Warf". From here cattle were shipped to the Colony by boat. (The river was navigable at that time). Halfway downstream towards the Hawkesbury was to be the "Town of Benton" [Bent Town] and north of the "Village of Macdonald" the "Town of Howick". Benton and Howick were the names in 1823 as registered in the old land title records of that time. Benton finally became Central Macdonald as it is to this day.
[edit] Inns
The Settlers Inn in St Albans still survives as a working Inn. A number of other Inns in the valley have been restored as private residences. The oldest licensed Inn in the valley was The Industrious Settler, built by Arron Waters in 1833 located a few kilometers north of St. Albans, and another early Inn was The Victoria Inn, erected by David Cross in 1842, about five kilometers from the Hawkesbury River junction with the Macdonald.
[edit] Churches and cemeteries
The valley once supporting seven small churches and four denominational schools many in ruins. Throughout the valley are the remains of a number of small cemeteries. Some of the earlier settlers, especially in the upper valley, buried their dead on their properties.
[edit] St Albans Common
Since 1824 an area north of St Albans of approximately 10.4 square kilometres along Mogo creek has been in use as common land. This has its roots in the traditional "Common" of England and is designed to compensate "villagers" for the small size of their allotments. Perpetual succession to the St Albans Common was granted on the 4th of March 1853 to five trustees, who were to act on behalf of the "Settlers, Cultivators and other Inhabitance of the District". The land is private property, reserved for the use of the "Commoners" and is still run by the Commoners themselves through the Trustees. As well as being host to stock the Common has an extensive lagoon which provides a refuge to many water birds and wildlife. The whole area is now listed as a conservation area ensuring its preservation for future generations of St. Albans Commoners.
