M1917 Enfield rifle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| US Rifle, Model of 1917, Caliber 30 | |
|---|---|
 M1917 rifle with P1913 bayonet and loaded stripper clip |
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| Type | Service rifle |
| Place of origin | U.S. (UK/US development) |
| Service history | |
| Used by | U.S., UK, (also France and China under "Lend Lease") |
| Wars | World War I and World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1917 |
| Number built | 2,193,429 total |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 9 lb. 3 oz. (4.17 kg) |
| Length | 3 ft. 10.25 in. (1175 mm) |
| Barrel length | 26.0 in. (660 mm) |
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| Cartridge | .30-06 (7.62×63 mm) |
| Caliber | .30 cal (7.62 mm) |
| Action | Modified Mauser turn bolt |
| Rate of fire | Manual, as determined by skill of operator |
| Muzzle velocity | 2700 ft/s (823 m/s) |
| Feed system | 6 round, 5-round clip fed reloading |
The M1917 Enfield, "P17 Enfield", "American Enfield", formally named "United States Rifle, cal .30, Model of 1917" was an American modification and production of the British .303 caliber P14 rifle developed and manufactured during the period 1917-1918.
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[edit] History
When the British Empire entered World War I, it had an urgent need for rifles and contracts were placed with companies in the United States. In the case of the P14 rifle, Winchester and Remington were selected. When the U.S. entered the war, it had a similar extreme need for rifles. Rather than re-tool completely, the factories, under the close supervision of the US Army Ordnance Department, altered the design for caliber .30-06. Winchester produced the rifle at their New Haven, Connecticut plant and Remington at their main facility at Ilion, New York and at another plant in Eddystone, Pennsylvania. The M1917 Bayonet was also produced and used on several other small arms.
The new rifle was used alongside the M1903 Springfield rifle and quickly surpassed the Springfield design in numbers produced and units issued. By November 11, 1918 about 75% of the AEF were armed with M1917s. After the armistice, M1917 rifles were surplussed or placed in storage.
Before and during World War II, stored rifles were reconditioned for use issue as reserve, training, and Lend-Lease weapons; these rifles are identified by having refinished metal (sandblasted and Parkerized) and sometimes replacement wood (often birch). Many were sent to Britain for use by the British Home Guard. These were prominently marked with red paint to avoid confusion with the earlier P14 that used different ammunition.
A continuing source of debate among historians concerns what rifle was used by Sgt. Alvin York during his famous action against the Germans in WWI. While York claimed to have used a Springfield, the weapon issued to him was a M1917. (The film starring Gary Cooper as Sgt. York had him using a M1903 and a German Luger pistol.)
[edit] Design
While developed at the same arsenal, the M1917 is not a version of the .303 caliber rifle of c. 1890-1955, the Lee-Enfield (such as the SMLE version). Both were developed at the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield (arsenal) in the United Kingdom. The M1917 was actually a development of the Mauser 98 rifle. Due to the use of rimmed cartridges in the P14, the magazine capacity for the smaller diameter 30-06 was 6 rounds, although stripper clips only held 5 cartridges.
The action was used as the basis for a variety of commercial and gunsmith-made sporting rifles between the world wars and after; surplus receivers and tooling were used by Remington to produce their Model 30 series of rifles in the interwar period. Some (approximately 3000) M1917 rifles were produced in 7 mm and sold to Honduras around 1930.
[edit] External links
- Olive-Drab.Com - M-1917 Enfield rifle
- Modern Firearms - The M-1917 Enfield rifle
- SurplusRifle.Com - M-1917 Enfield rifle
- FM 23-6 Basic Field Manual: U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1917, 20 October 1943
[edit] See also
| Norwegian service rifles |
| Kammerlader, Remington M1867, Krag-Petersson, Jarmann M1884, Krag-Jørgensen, Lee-Enfield No. 4 (used during World War II), Pattern 14 Rifle (used during World War II), Karabiner 98k (spoils of war), Selvladegevær M1 (Garand), M1917 Enfield rifle (replaced the Lee-Enfields), AG-3, Våpensmia NM149 |
Norwegian service rifles |
