Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens

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Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens (Barcelona, 1528 — Brussels, March 5, 1576), Spanish governor of the Netherlands, had the misfortune to succeed the Duke of Alba and to govern amid hopeless difficulties under the direction of Philip II.

During his rule, the Spanish troops mutinied and Spain went bankrupt. He was rather moderate in comparison to Alba, requesting Philip to grant a general amnesty to all, with the exception of persistent heretics, and to permit the emigration of those who would not comply. Grand things, but such naïveté did not achieve much with Philip.

His early career was that of a government official and diplomat. In 1563 he gained the king's confidence as his representative at Rome. In 1568 he was appointed lieutenant-general to Don Juan de Austria during the suppression of the Morisco revolt in Granada, and he also accompanied Don John during the Lepanto campaign, his function being to watch and control his nominal commander-in-chief, whose excitable temperament was distrusted by the king.

Philip must have been satisfied with Requesens, for he named him viceroy in Milan, a post usually given to a great noble. Requesens was only a gentleman of cloak and sword (caballero de capa y espada), though by the kings favour he was grand commander of the military order of Santiago in Castile. He was credited with having shown moderation at Milan, but it is certain that he came into sharp collision with the archbishop, Saint Charles Borromeo, who took up the cause of his flock.

His docility rather than his capacity marked him out to succeed Alba. The king wished to pursue a more conciliatory policy, without, however, yielding any one of the points in dispute between himself and the revolted Netherlanders. Requesens came to Brussels on November 17, 1573, and till his death on the 5th of March 1576 was plunged into insuperable difficulties. With an empty treasury and unpaid mutinous troops, no faculty could have helped Requesens to succeed; and he was only an honest official who was worn out in trying to do the impossible.

[edit] Authorities

Documentos Inéditos para la historia de España (Madrid, 1892); and Nueva Colección de documentos, vols. iv. and v. (Madrid).

Preceded by Alvaro de Sande	Governors of the Duchy of Milan 1572-1573	Succeeded by Antonio de Guzmán, Marquis of Ayamonte
Preceded by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva	Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands 1573-1576	Succeeded by Don John of Austria