Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza
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Infante Luís Filipe of Portugal KG (pron. IPA [lu'iʃ fɨ'lip(ɨ)]; March 21, 1887 - February 1, 1908) was the elder son of King Carlos I of Portugal and the 21st Duke of Braganza.
Luís Filipe was born in Lisbon, the elder son of Carlos, Duke of Braganza (later King Carlos I of Portugal) and of his wife Princess Amélie of Orléans. Luís Filipe was granted the title Prince of Beira, traditionally held by the heir apparent of the Príncipe Real (the heir apparent to the Portuguese throne).
Two years later, Luís Filipe's father ascended the throne, and Luís Filipe became Príncipe Real and the 21st Duke of Braganza, as the heir apparent of the King. In English, he is sometimes, but inaccurately, called Crown Prince of Portugal.
In 1907 Luís Filipe acted as regent while his father was outside the country. The same year Luís Filipe made a visit to the Portuguese colonies in Africa.
On February 1, 1908 Luís Filipe and his family were returning to Lisbon from their country estate at Vila Viçosa. Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buiça, two members of a revolutionary society called the Carbonária, shot at the family, hitting Luís Filipe, his father Carlos I, and his younger brother Manuel. Carlos I died immediately, while Luís Filipe lived for another twenty minutes. Manuel survived the attack, having only been shot in the arm, while his mother Amelia was unharmed.
Although he survived his father, Luís Filipe was never King because the Portuguese monarchy lacked the position of Crown Prince and automatic succession. Carlos I was succeeded by his younger son Manuel. Two years later, on October 5, 1910, the monarchy was overthrown and a republic established.
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