Lord of Biscay
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Lord of Biscay (Basque: Bizkaiko Jauna, Spanish: Señor de Vizcaya) is a historical title of the head of state of the autonomous territory of Biscay, Basque Country.
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[edit] History
Biscay was definitively annexed to Castile in 1200, together with the other western Basque provinces of Araba and Gipuzkoa. Prior to that date it had belonged to the Kingdom of Pamplona (later known as Navarre) with the exception of a period of several decades in the 12th century, when Pamplona had been partitioned between Castile and Aragon.
It is unclear when the Lordship was created but, in any case, it was done by the Castilian conquerors who attributed this territory to the House of Haro, a family of landlords of La Rioja that had favored the Castilian interests in the conflicts with Pamplona/Navarre.
The Lords had limited powers and had, like the Navarrese monarchs before them, to give oath of respecting the fuero (Basque: forua) when inheriting the honor.
After the Lordship was inherited by the Castilian dynasty in 1370, the Kings of Castile and later Spain still have to give oath in equal manner, even after the fuero was restricted in the 19th century.
[edit] List of Lords of Biscay
[edit] Mythical
- Jaun Zuria (the White Lord): supposedly born from the union of god Sugaar and a Scottish princess in the village of Mundaka.
[edit] Claimed as such but before consolidated Castilian control (dubious)
- Iñigo (Eneko) López (1043-78)
- Lope Iñíguez (1078-93)
- Diego López de Haro I (1120-24)
- Ladrón Íñiguez (c. 1134)
- Diego Vela (Bela) (c. 1140)
[edit] After Castilian definitive control
(the ordinals refer to their own claims)
- Diego López de Haro II (1200-14, claimed since 1179)
- Lope Díaz de Haro II (1214-36)
- Diego López de Haro III (1236-54)
- Lope Díaz de Haro III (1254-88)
- Diego López de Haro IV (1288-89)
- Sancho IV of Castile (1289-95)
- Diego López de Haro V (1295-1310), founder of Bilbao
- María Díaz de Haro I (1310-1322)
- Juan de Haro (1322-26)
- María Díaz de Haro II (I in some accounts) (1326-34)
- Alfonso X of Castile (1334)
- María Díaz de Haro III (or II) (1334-49)
- Juan Núñez de Lara IV (1334-50)
- Nuño de Lara (1350-52)
- Pedro of Castile (1352-66)
- Tello (Teilo) (1366-70)
After 1370, the Lords of Biscay have been the Kings of Castile and, later, Spain. The only period without a Lord was the fascist dictatorship of Francisco Franco, when the fuero was abolished.
The current Lord of Biscay is the Spanish King Juan Carlos I.
[edit] Bibliographical sources
- Historia de Navarra, el estado vasco, Mikel Sorauren, 1998.
