Liugong Island
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Liugong Island (Simplified Chinese: 刘公岛; Traditional Chinese: 劉公島; pinyin: Liúgōng dǎo) is a small island located on the northeastern edge of Shandong Peninsula, China at the mouth of Weihai Bay. It is known as the "birthplace of China's first navy".
Liugong Island is located about 4 kilometers from the city of Weihai. It has an area 3.15 square kilometers, with a maximum length of 4.08 kilometers (in east-western direction) and a maximum width of 1.5 kilometers. The coastline has a total length of 14.93 kilometers. In general, the terrain of the island slopes down from the north to the south. With an altitude of 153 meters, Qiding Mountain, is the highest point of the island. Its northern slope is made up of cliffs, whereas the southern side of the hill slopes down more gently.
More than half the of island's area (about 1.8 square kilometers) is covered by forest, predominantly consisting of black pine trees. The forest is protected by a national forestry park.
[edit] History
Archaeological evidence suggests that the island has been inhabited at least from the Warring States Period onwards. During the times of the Han Dynasty, the island was settled by members of the Liu family which resulted in the present-day name.
The use of the island was subject to several changes during the Ming Dynasty: At first, all inhabitants left the island during because of pirate threats. During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor, a rebel force led by Xian Wang sought refuge on the island, but the rebellion was put down shortly thereafter. Towards the end of the reign of the Wanli Emperor, settlers were recruited to re-cultivate the island. They were guarded against pirate attacks by a detachment of troops. Subsequently, a rise in shipping activities between the north and the south of China brought prosperity and an increase in population to the island.
In 1663, the island's population was evacuated yet again, this time in response to the outbreak of an epidemic. 27 years later, in 1690, the island was resettled by three families (Cong, Zou, and Jiang). In 1703, the island was chosen as the base for another rebel force, but again the rebellion was short-lived.
During the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, the Beiyang Fleet was founded as China's first modern navy and a telegraph center, a naval academy, and the headquarter of the Beiyang Naval Units were set up on Liugong Island. This resulted in the construction of many facilities and an increase in the island's population. 8 out of 15 modern warships which were bought from the United Kingdom and Germany where assigned to the Beiyang Fleet. On September 14, 1888, Ding Ruchang was given the command of the Beiyang Fleet. From 1887 onwards, more than 100 cannons were setup up around the harbor of Weihai as well as on the islands of Liugong and Ri. Eventually, Ding Ruchang made Liugong Island his official residence. A t-shaped dock, known as the "iron dock" was constructed in the years 1889 to 1891.
During the First Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Fleet suffered a crushing defeat and in the spring of 1895, the island was occupied by Japanese forces. Ding Ruchang committed suicide. The Japanese occupation lasted for about 3 years.
In 1898, the United Kingdom obtained a 32-year lease of Weihai by force. The British Navy established a base on Liugong Island occupying and extending the existing facilities. All private inhabitants of the island were bought out of their holdings, and residences, hospitals, churches, tea houses, a sport ground, a post office, and navy cemeteries were constructed. The British used the island until the termination of the lease of Weihai in 1930. In 1948, the island was occupied briefly by nationalist troops, but was soon taken over by the People's Liberation Army.
