Lithuanian talonas

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The talonas was a temporary currency issued in Lithuania between 1991 and 1993. It replaced the Soviet ruble at par and was replaced by the litas at a rate of 100 talonas = 1 litas. The talonas was only issued as paper money.

[edit] The first talonas reform

Year	Inflation rate (%)
	In Lithuania	In Russia
1991	225	N/A
1992	1100	2508.8
1993	409	849.9
1994	45.1	215.1
1995	35.7	175.0
1996	13.1	21.8
1997	8.4	11.0
1998	2.4	84.4
1999	1.5	36.5
Sources [1], [2], [3]

In early August 1991, as a response to public complaints about inflation, the Lithuanian government introduced the talonas (Lithuanian plural form is “talonai”; sometimes translated as “coupon”). It was a quick and unforeseen reform pushed by the Prime Minister Gediminas Vagnorius. At first, it was very similar to ration coupons: every person received 20% of his/her salary in talonas up to a maximum of 200 talonas. In order to buy goods other than food, a person must have paid the same price in rubles and in talonas (for example, if a pair of shoes cost 50 rubles, a person must pay 50 rubles and 50 talonas to buy them).

This system was widely criticized. First of all, in no way it addressed the reasons why there were shortages of goods, i.e. it did not promote the supply; it just limited the demand. Also, the demand for expensive goods (like home appliances) dropped sharply because people needed a lot of time to accumulate the necessary amount of talonas to buy them. It caused bottlenecks in the supply chain and further damaged already troubled production. In addition, this scheme could not prevent the hyperinflation of the ruble because the talonas was not an independent currency; it is a supplementary currency with a fixed exchange rate to the ruble. The system tried to encourage Lithuanians to save 80% of their salaries. But people accumulated their rubles and had nowhere to spend them. It led to the inflation of goods that did not require the talonas (like food or goods on the black market).

[edit] The second talonas reform

In the summer of 1992, everybody anticipated that the talonas would shortly be replaced by a permanent currency, the litas. Lithuania was desperately lacking cash (some workers were paid in goods rather than in cash) as Russia tightened its monetary policy. In addition, the litas coins and banknotes were already produced and shipped to Lithuania from abroad. However, on May 1, 1992 it was decided to reintroduce the talonas as an independent, temporary currency to circulate alongside the ruble in hopes to deal with inflation. A dual currency system was created. On October 1, 1992 the ruble was completely abandoned and replaced by the talonas. Lithuania was the last of the Baltic states to abandon the ruble. The self-imposed deadlines to introduce the litas were continuously postponed without clear explanations.

Nicknamed "Vagnorkės" after Gediminas Vagnorius or "zoo tickets" after various animals featured on the notes, the talonas did not gain public trust or respect. The banknotes were small and printed on low quality paper. People were reluctant to use them. Nevertheless, the talonas served its purpose: inflation at the time was greater in Russia than in Lithuania. Inflation in 1992 rose steadily due to an energy price spike after Russia increased oil and gasoline prices to world levels and demanded to be paid in hard currency.

On June 25, 1993, the litas was introduced at the rate of 1 litas = 100 talonas.

[edit] Banknotes

In 1991, notes were issued in denominations of 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 talonas. In 1992, notes were issued for 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 talonas, followed by new designs of the 200 and 500 talonas notes in 1993.

In 1994 about 30 tons of worthless notes were recycled into toilet paper in Grigiškės.^{[citation needed]}