List of vocabulary replacements from latin in modern languages

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This is a list of words that arose in Vulgar Latin which replaced the existing Latin word in at least one Romance language.

1 Grammatical changes
2 Germanic loan words
3 words whose meaning has changed depending on language
4 Other
5 Strange

[edit] Grammatical changes

OPTIMOS > meliores (Portuguese melhores, Spanish mejores, French meilleurs, Italian migliori, "better (plural)")
SANIORE > plus sano (French plus sain, Italian più sano, Spanish mas sano, Romanian mai sanatos, "healthier")

[edit] Germanic loan words

TVRBAS > fulcos (French foule, Italian folla, "mob")
CEMENTARIIS > mationibus (French maçons, "stonemasons")
NON PERPERCIT > non sparniavit (French épargner, "to spare")
GALEA > helme (French heaume, Italian elmo, "helmet")

[edit] words whose meaning has changed depending on language

prehendere (to apprehend, to grab an idea), com prehendere (to understand)
- French prendre (to take), comprendre (to understand), aprendre (to learn)
- Romanian prinde (to catch an object), se prinde (to catch an idea), aprinde (to turn on, to kindle - the fire, an electric device or to make someone get angry)
levare (to rise and/or to diminish)
- French élever (to take something from down up), soulever (to elevate,to rise), enlever (to take away)
- Romanian lua (to take for oneself, to take away)
eradicare (to extract with the root of a plant/tree)
- Romanian ridicare (to elevate, to rise)
futuere (?)
- French foutre - quelque part (to throw away), foutre - le bordel (to make disorder?), se foutre (not to care)
- Romanian fute (to make sex - "to someone" and not "with someone", very vulgar), se fute (not to care)
IN ORE > in bucca (mouth)
- Portuguese/Spanish boca
- French bouche
- Italian bocca
- Romanian buca (= buttock and/or cheek, gura used for mouth), bucatarie (=kitchen), bucata (=a piece of something to eat, parte for any other pieces)
ROSTRVM > beccus (beak)
- French bec
- Italian becco
- Portuguese/Spanishbico
- Romanian bec (means bulb in old language and electric lamp in modern language) but sa fii pe bec or to be on the bec, means to be in a difficult situation
LIBEROS > infantes ("children")
- French enfants
MILITES > servientes ("soldiers")
- French sergents

[edit] Other

FEMVR > coxa (Portuguese coxa, French cuisse, Italian coscia, Romanian coapsă, "thigh")
ARENA > sabulo (French sable, Italian sabbia, "sand")
CANERE > cantare (Portuguese/Spanish cantar, French chanter, Italian cantare, Romanian cânta, "to sing")
> casa (Romanian casă (=house), Romanian căsătorie (=marriage), "house")
> bibere (Romanian bea, French boire, "to drink")
> bibitus (Romanian beat, French buré, "drunk")
> lapidare (Romanian lepada (=to throw something useless away, or to make a dead child for humans and animals), French lapider, "kill with rocks?")
> zema (Romanian zeama, "the liquid part of what you eat")
> vinum (Romanian vin, French vin, "wine")
> petra (Romanian piatra f. (stones in general, the material a stone is made of - like sand in English, a stone), Romanian pietru m. (not widely used as is any more, but used in derivatives or composed words - like "a pietrui" and "pietroi", means a particular stone or rock), French pierre, "stone/rock")
> pars, -tis (Romanian parte, French part, "?")
> maritare (Romanian marita (for women only, insura for men and casatorie for both), French marrier, "to marry")
> dolus (Romanian dor (=feeling you have for someone when you miss them), French no noun (but you have condoléances), "?original meaning in Latin?")
> dolere (Romanian durea, French no verb (but there is the noun douleur), "to feel physical pain")
> padule (Romanian padure, "forest")
> plenus (Romanian plin, French plain, "full")
> bonus (Romanian bun, French bon, "good")
> gustare (Romanian gusta, French gouter, "to taste")
> sera (Romanian seara, French soir, "evening")
> vivitia (Romanian viata, French vie, "life")
> responsum (Romanian raspuns, French réponse, "answer")
> ambulare (Romanian umbla (=to walk), "?original meaning?")
> pavimentum (Romanian pamant, "earth")
> formosus (Romanian frumos, "beautiful")
> campus (Romanian camp, French champ, "land")
> circellus (Romanian cercei, "julery for the year")
> herba (Romanian iarba, French herbe, "grass")
> nox, noctis (Romanian noapte, French nuit, "night")
> luna (Romanian luna, French lune, "the moon")
> *quene(= quem) (Romanian cine, French qui, "who")
> magis (Romanian mai, one of the most used words in Romanian to say quite anything: mai bine = better (bine = good), mai mult = more, mai vreau = I want more, mai repede = faster, inca mai = still and again (inca = encore in French, no translation into English), mai incolo = further, and so on but mai alone has absolutely no meaning)