List of the first female holders of political offices
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of political offices which have been held by a female, with details of the first female holder of each office.
It is ordered by country, by dates of appointment. Former countries, such as Yugoslavia, are also listed.
[edit] International Bodies
[edit] United Nations
[edit] European Union
[edit] Americas
[edit] Argentina
- President - Isabel Martínez de Perón - 1974
- Foreign Minister - Susana Myrta Ruíz Cerutti - 1989
- Defence Minister - Nilda Garré - 2005
[edit] Belize
[edit] Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II - 1952
- Governor General - Jeanne Sauvé - 1984
- Prime Minister - Kim Campbell - 1993
- Deputy Prime Minister of Canada - Sheila Copps - 1993
- Lieutenant Governor of a province - Pauline McGibbon - 1974
- Lieutenant Governor of Ontario - Pauline McGibbon - 1974
- Lieutenant Governor of Quebec - Lise Thibault - 1997
- Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia - Iona Campagnolo - 2001
- Lieutenant Governor of Alberta - Lois Hole - 2000
- Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan - Sylvia Fedoruk - 1988
- Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia - Myra Freeman - 2000
- Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick - Margaret McCain - 1994
- Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island - Barbara Oliver Hagerman - 2006
- Senator - Cairine Wilson - 1930
- Cabinet minister - Ellen Fairclough - 1958
- Secretary of State for External Affairs - Flora MacDonald - 1979
- Speaker of the House - Jeanne Sauvé - 1980
- Member of Parliament - Agnes Macphail - 1921
- Leader of a major federal political party - Audrey McLaughlin (NDP) - 1989
- Premier - Rita Johnston (BC) - 1991 1
- Premier of a territory - Nellie Cournoyea (NWT) - 1991
- Premier of a province in a general election - Catherine Callbeck (PEI) - 1993 1
- Member of a provincial legislature - Louise McKinney (Alberta) - 1917 (first female legislator in the British Empire)
- Mayor of a city - Charlotte Whitton, Ottawa, Ontario - 1951
- Mayor - Barbara Hanley, Webbwood, Ontario - 1936
- City councillor and first woman elected to any political office in Canada - Hannah Gale
[edit] Notes
1 Johnston became premier by winning the leadership of the governing party, but lost the subsequent election. Callbeck was the first female premier to win the office via her party winning a general election.
See also Female candidates in Canadian elections.
[edit] Chile
- Mayor of Santiago - Graciela Contreras - 1935
- Minister of Justice (first State Minister) - Adriana Olguín - 1946
- Deputy - Inés Enríquez - 1950
- Senator - María de la Cruz - 1953
- Minister of Foreign Relations - Soledad Alvear - March 2002
- Minister of Defense - Michelle Bachelet - March 2002
- Intendant of the Santiago Metropolitan Region - Ximena Rincón - February 2005
- President of the Republic of Chile - Michelle Bachelet - March 2006
[edit] Colombia
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Nohemi Sanín Posada de Rubio - 1991
- Minister of Defense - Martha Lucía Ramírez - August 2002
[edit] Dominica
[edit] Ecuador
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Nina Pacari Vega - 2003
[edit] Guatemala
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Marithza Ruiz de Vielman - 1994
[edit] Guyana
[edit] Haiti
- President of Haiti - Ertha Pascal-Trouillot - 1990
- Minister for Foreign Affairs - Claudette Werleigh - 1993
- Prime Minister of Haiti - Claudette Werleigh - 1995
[edit] Jamaica
[edit] Mexico
- Governor of Colima and first female state governor - Griselda Álvarez - 1979
- Secretary of Tourism and first female Secretary of state - Rosa Luz Alegría - 1980
- Governor of Tlaxcala - Beatriz Paredes - 1987
- Governor of Yucatan - Dulce María Sauri Riancho - 1991
- Secretary of Foreign Affairs - Rosario Green - 1998
- Head of Government of the Federal District - Rosario Robles - 1999
- Secretary of Social Development - Josefina Vázquez Mota - 2000
- Governor of Zacatecas - Amalia García - 2004
- Secretary of Education - Josefina Vázquez Mota - 2006
- Secretary of Energy - Georgina Kessel - 2006
[edit] Nicaragua
[edit] Paraguay
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Leila Rachid de Cowles - 2003
[edit] Peru
[edit] Puerto Rico
[edit] Saint Lucia
- Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy - 1997
[edit] El Salvador
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - María Eugenia Brizuela de Ávila - 1999
[edit] United States
- Mayor: Susanna Madora Salter: 1887
- State House of Representatives: Carrie C. Holly, Clara Cressingham, and Frances Klock: 1894
- State Senator: Martha Hughes Cannon: 1896
- United States House of Representatives: Jeanette Rankin: 1916
- United States Senator: Rebecca Latimer Felton: 1922 (appointed)
- Governor: Nellie Tayloe Ross: 1925
- United States Senator: Hattie Wyatt Caraway: 1931 (elected)
- Secretary of Labor: Frances Coralie Perkins: 1933
- Treasurer of the United States: Georgia Neese Clark: 1949
- Ambassador to a Foregin Nation: Helen Eugenie Moore Anderson: 1949
- First United States Senator never having been appointed to an unfinished term in the U.S. Senate prior to election (however she was appointed to an unfinished House of Representatives Term previously): Margaret Chase Smith 1949 [clarify]
- Associate Justice of a State Supreme Court: Susie Marshall Sharp: 1949
- Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare: Oveta Culp Hobby: 1953
- Chief Justice of a State Supreme Court: Lorna Elizabeth Lockwood: 1961
- First woman elected governor in her own right: Ella Giovanna Oliva Tambussi Grasso: 1975
- Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Carla Anderson Hills: March 10, 1975 – January 20, 1977
- Secretary of Commerce: Juanita Morris Kreps: January 23, 1977
- First female United States Senator elected completley in her own right: Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker: 1978 [clarify]
- Secretary of Health and Human Services: Patricia Roberts Harris: August 3, 1979 – 1981
- Secretary of Education: Shirley Mount Hufstedler: November 30, 1979 – January 20, 1981
- Ambassador to the United Nations: Jeane Kirkpatrick: 1981 - 1985
- Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court: Sandra Day O'Connor: September 25, 1981 – January 31, 2006
- Secretary of Transportation: Elizabeth Hanford Dole: February 7, 1983 – September 30, 1987
- Attorney General: Janet Reno: March 12, 1993 – January 20, 2001
- Secretary of the Air Force: Sheila E. Widnall: August 6, 1993 – October 31, 1997
- Secretary of State: Madeleine Korbel Albright: January 23, 1997 – January 19, 2001
- House of Representatives Party Whip: Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi: 2002
- Secretary of Agriculture: Ann Veneman: January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2005
- Secretary of the Interior: Gale Ann Norton: January 31, 2001 – March 31, 2006
- Secretary of the Navy (Acting): Susan Livingstone: January 30, 2003 – February 7, 2003
- Party Leader of the House of Representatives: Nancy Pelosi: 2005
- Speaker of the House of Representatives: Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi: January 4, 2007 - present
[edit] Venezuela
- Vice President of Venezuela: Adina Bastidas - 2002
- President of the Chamber of Deputies: Ixora Rojas Paz, of Democratic Action - 1998
- President of the National Assembly of Venezuela: Cilia Flores, of MVR - 2006
[edit] Europe
[edit] Austria
- Minister for Foreign Affairs - Benita Ferrero-Waldner - 2000
- Minister for Justice - Karin Gastinger - 2004
[edit] Bulgaria
[edit] Denmark
- Danish Minister without portfolio - Fanny Jensen - 1947
- Danish Minister for Justice - Helga Pedersen - 1950
- Danish Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs - Bodil Koch - 1950
- Chairman of "Landtinget" Chamber of Parliament - Ingeborg Hansen - 1950
- Danish Minister for Trade - Lis Groes - 1953
- Danish Minister for Economy - Marianne Jelved - 1993
- Danish Minister for Agriculture and Food - Mariann Fischer Boel - 2002
[edit] Faroe Islands
[edit] Finland
[edit] France
[edit] Georgia
- President - Nino Burjanadze (acting) - 2003
- Minister for Foreign Affairs - Salomé Zurabishvili - 2004
[edit] Germany
[edit] Hungary
- Foreign Minister - Kinga Göncz - 2006
- President of the Parliament - Katalin Szili - 2002
- Minister for Interior - Mónika Lamperth - 2002
- Minister for Justice - Ibolya Dávid - 1998
- Minister for Equality - Katalin Lévai - 2004
- Health Minister - Dr. Judith Csehák - 1986
[edit] Greece
- Minister for Culture - Melina Mercouri - 1981
- Minister of Education and Religious Affairs - Marietta Giannakou-Koutsikou - 1993
- Minister for the Enviornment - Vassiliki Papandreou|Vassiliki "Vaso" Papandreou - 1999
- Mayor of Athens, the nation's capital - Dora Bakoyannis - 2003
- Minister for Foregin Affairs - Dora Bakoyannis - 2006
- Minister for Tourism - Fani Palli-Petralia - 2006
- President for Parliment: Anna Psarouda-Benaki
[edit] Iceland
[edit] Ireland
- Teachta Dála - Constance Markievicz - 1918
- Minister for Labour - Constance Markievicz - 1919
- Lord Mayor of Dublin - Kathleen Clarke - 1939
- Minister for the Gaeltacht - Máire Geoghegan-Quinn - 1979
- Minister for Health and Social Welfare - Eileen Desmond - 1981
- Minister for Education - Gemma Hussey - 1982
- President - Mary Robinson - 1990
- Minister for Tourism, Transport & Communications - Máire Geoghegan-Quinn - 1992
- Minister for Justice - Máire Geoghegan-Quinn - 1993
- Tánaiste - Mary Harney - 1997
- Minister for Enterprise and Employment - Mary Harney - 1997
- Minister for Agriculture and Food - Mary Coughlan - 2004
[edit] Italy
- Minister for Health - Tina Anselmi - 1978
- President of Deputies Chamber - Nilde Iotti - 1979
- Minister of Education - Rosa Russo Iervolino - 1992
- Minister for Agriculture and Forests - Adriana Poli Bortone - 1994
- European Commissioner - Emma Bonino - 1995
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Susanna Agnelli - 1995
- Minister of Cultural Activities and Sport - Giovanna Melandri - 1998
- Minister of Interior - Rosa Russo Iervolino - 1998
- Minister without Portfolio - Livia Turco - 1996
- Minister of European Politics and International Trade - Emma Bonino - 2006
[edit] Latvia
[edit] Liechtenstein
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Andrea Willi - 1993
[edit] Lithuania
[edit] Luxembourg
- Foreign Minister - Colette Flesh - 1980
[edit] Republic of Macedonia
[edit] Malta
[edit] Netherlands
- Member of the Second Chamber of the States-General - Suze Groeneweg - 1917
- Member of the First Chamber of the States-General - Carry Pothuis-Smit - 1920
- Wethouder (alderman) - Eiske ten Bos-Harkema - 1924
- Burgemeester (mayor) - Truus Beliën - 1946
- Staatssecretaris (junior minister) of Education, Arts and Sciences - Anna de Waal 1952
- Minister for Culture, Recreation and Welfare - Marga Klompé - 1956 [1]
- Minister of Health - Irene Vorrink - 1973
- Chairwoman of the Second Chamber of the States-General - Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven - 1998
- First in line (de facto) Vice Prime Minister of the Netherlands - Annemarie Jorritsma- 1998
- Second in line (de facto) Vice Prime Minister of the Netherlands - Els Borst - 1998
- Chairwoman of the First Chamber of the States-General - Yvonne Timmerman-Buck - 2003
- European Commissioner for Competition - Neelie Kroes 2004
[edit] Norway
[edit] Poland
- Prime Minister - Hanna Suchocka (1992-1993)
- Marszałek Senatu (Speaker of the Senate, upper house of the parliament) - Alicja Grześkowiak (1997-2001)
- Finance Minister - Halina Wasilewska-Trenkner (2001)
- Foreign Minister - Anna Fotyga (since 2006)
Female government officials have also served in various other ministerial and governmental positions, predominantly after 1989.
[edit] Portugal
[edit] Romania
[edit] San Marino
[edit] Spain
[edit] Sweden
- Swedish Minister for National Economy - Karin Kock-Lindberg - 1948
- Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs - Karin Söder - 1976
- Swedish Minister for Finance - Anne Wibble - 1991
- Swedish Minister for Defence - Leni Björklund - 2002
[edit] Switzerland
- President of a Cantonal Parliament (of Geneva) - Emma Kammacher - 1965
- Member of the Swiss Council of States - Lise Girardin - 1971
- Member of the Swiss National Council - Nelly Wicky, Lilian Uchtenhagen, Hanny Thalmann, Liselotte Spreng, Hanna Sahlfeld, Martha Ribi, Gabrielle Nanchen, Josi Meier, Hedi Lang, Tilo Frey, Elisabeth Blunschy - 1971
- (Substitute) Judge of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court - Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger - 1972
- President of the Swiss National Council - Elisabeth Blunschy - 1977
- Member of a Cantonal Executive (of Zurich) - Hedi Lang - 1983
- Member of the Swiss Federal Council - Elisabeth Kopp - 1984
- Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation - Elisabeth Kopp - 1989
- President of the Swiss Council of States - Josi Meier - 1991
- President of the Swiss Confederation - Ruth Dreifuss - 1999
- Landammann of Uri - Gabi Huber - 2002
- Landammann of Nidwalden - Lisbeth Gabriel - 2005
[edit] Ukraine
[edit] United Kingdom
- Member of Parliament (elected) - Constance Markiewicz - 1918
- Member of Parliament (who took her seat) - Nancy Astor - 1919
- Minister of Labour - Margaret Bondfield - 1929
- Minister for Education - Ellen Wilkinson - 1945
- Minister of Pensions and National Insurance - Margaret Herbison - 1964
- Minister of Overseas Development - Barbara Castle - 1964
- Minister for Transport - Barbara Castle - 1965
- Deputy Prime Minister / First Secretary of State - Barbara Castle - 1968
- Secretary of State for Social Services (Health) - Barbara Castle - 1974
- Leader of the Opposition - Margaret Thatcher - 1975
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher - 1979
- Leader of the House of Lords - Janet Young, Baroness Young - 1981
- Speaker of the House of Commons - Betty Boothroyd - 1992
- Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food - Gillian Shephard - 1993
- Secretary of State for Northern Ireland - Mo Mowlam - 1997
- President of the Board of Trade - Margaret Beckett - 1997
- Leader of the House of Commons - Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton - 1997
- Chief Whip - Ann Taylor - 1998
- Solicitor General for England and Wales - Harriet Harman - 2001
- Secretary of State for Scotland - Helen Liddell - 2001
- Foreign Secretary - Margaret Beckett - 2006
[edit] Northern Ireland
- Health Minister of Northern Ireland - Barbara de Bruin - 2000
[edit] Wales
[edit] Yugoslavia
[edit] Asia
[edit] Bangladesh
[edit] Hong Kong
[edit] India
Central Government
- Prime Minister - Indira Gandhi - 1966
- Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha - Violet Alva - 1964
- Member of Central Legislature - Renuka Ray - 1942
- Member of National Defence Council - Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz - 1942
Cabinet Ministers
- Minister of Health - Rajkumari Amrit Kaur - 1947
- MinisterInformation and Broadcasting - Indira Gandhi - 1964
- Minister of External Affairs - Indira Gandhi - 1967
- Minister of Finance - Indira Gandhi - 1969
- Minister of Home Affairs - Indira Gandhi - 1970
- Minister of Defence - Indira Gandhi - 1975
- Minister of Youth Affairs - Margaret Alva - 1984
- Minister for Women and Child Development - Margaret Alva - 1984
- Minister for Urban Development - Mohsina Kidwai - 1986
- Minister of Human Resource Development - Mamata Banerjee - 1991
- Minister of Telecommunications - Sushma Swaraj - 1998
- Minister of Railways - Mamata Banerjee - 1999
- Minister of Coal and Mines - Mamata Banerjee - 2004
Provincial Governments
- Governor - Sarojini Naidu - 1947
- Chief Minister - Sucheta Kriplani - 1963
- Provincial Minister - Vijay Laksmi Pandit - 1938
- Member of Leglislative Assembly - Dr. Muthulaksmi Reddy - 1921
[edit] Indonesia
[edit] Israel
- Minister of Labor - Golda Meir - 1949
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Golda Meir - 1955
- Prime Minister - Golda Meir - 1969
- Supreme Court Judge - Miriam Ben Porat - 1977
- Supreme Court Deputy President - Miriam Ben Porat - 1983
- Minister of Health - Shoshana Arbeli-Almozlino - 1986
- State Comptroller - Miriam Ben Porat - 1988
- State Attorney - Dorit Beinisch - 1989
- Minister of Education - Shulamit Aloni - 1992
- Minister of Environment - Ora Namir - 1992
- Minister of Communications - Shulamit Aloni - 1993
- Minister of Science and Culture - Shulamit Aloni - 1993
- Minister of Immigrant Absorption - Yuli Tamir - 1999
- Minister of Regional Cooperation - Tzipi Livni - 2001
- Minister of Commerce and Industry - Dalia Itzik - 2001
- Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development - Tzipi Livni - 2003
- Minister of Housing and Construction - Tzipi Livni - 2003
- Minister of Justice - Tzipi Livni - 2004
- Speaker of the Knesset - Dalia Itzik - 2006
- Acting President (for one day) - Dalia Itzik - 2006
- President of the Supreme Court - Dorit Beinisch - 2006
[edit] Macao
- Secretary for Administration and Justice - Silva Chan
[edit] Mongolia
- President - Sühbaataryn Yanjmaa (acting President) - 1953
- Prime Minister - Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa (acting Prime Minister) - 1999
[edit] Pakistan
- Prime Minister - Benazir Bhutto - 1988
- Deputy Speaker - Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz - 1947
- Member of Parliament - Begum Shaista Suhrawady Ikramullah - 1947
- Minister of Education - Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan - 1962
- Minister of Population - Dr. Attiya Inayatullah - 1980
- Minister of Information - Syeda Abida Hussain - 1990
- Minister of Finance - Benazir Bhutto - 1993
- Minister of Law and Human Rights - Shahida Jamil - 2002
- Foreign Ministry Spokesperson - Tasleem Aslam - 2006
[edit] Philippines
[edit] South Korea
[edit] Sri Lanka
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike - 1960
- President - Chandrika Kumaratunga - 1994
- Minister of Health - Wimala Wijewardhna - 1956
- Minister of Foreign Affairs - Sirimavo Bandaranaike - 1960
- Minister of Defence - Sirimavo Bandaranaike - 1960
[edit] Republic of China (Taiwan)
[edit] Turkey
- Prime Minister - Tansu Çiller - 1993
- Minister of Labor Relations - Dr. Imren Aykut - 1987
- Minister of Internal Affairs - Dr. Meral Aksener - 1995
[edit] Oceania
[edit] Australia
- Local government councillor - Grace Benny - 1919
- Member of a state parliament - Edith Cowen - 1921
- Mayor - Lillian Fowler - 1928
- Member of the Australian House of Representatives - Dame Enid Lyons - 1943
- Member of the Australian Senate - Dorothy Tangney - 1943
- Member of the Commonwealth ministry - Dame Enid Lyons (Vice President of the Executive Council) - 1949
- Member of the federal Cabinet - Margaret Guilfoyle (Minister for Education) - 1975
- Lord Mayor- Sallyanne Atkinson - 1985
- Leader of a federal parliamentary party - Janine Haines (Australian Democrats) - 1986
- Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives - Joan Child - 1986
- Head of a state or territory government - Rosemary Follett - (Australian Capital Territory) - 1989
- Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory - Rosemary Follett (Australian Capital Territory) - 1989
- State Premier - Carmen Lawrence (Western Australia) - 1990
- Premier of Victoria - Joan Kirner - 1990
- President of the Australian Senate - Margaret Reid - 1996
- Chief Minister of the Northern Territory - Clare Martin - 2001
- Leadership position in a major party - Jenny Macklin (Australian Labor Party) - 2001
- State Governor - Dame Roma Mitchell (South Australia)
- Member of the Commonwealth ministry (with a portfolio) - Dame Annabell Rankin
[edit] New Zealand
- Mayor - Elizabeth Yates - 1894
- Member of Parliament - Elizabeth McCombs - 1933
- Cabinet Minister - Mabel Howard - 1947
- New Zealand Ambassador - Barbara Angus - 1978
- Governor General - Catherine Tizard - 1990
- Deputy Prime Minister - Helen Clark - 1989
- Minister of Finance - Ruth Richardson - 1990
- Prime Minister - Jenny Shipley - 1997
- Chief Justice - Sian Elias - 1999
- Attorney-General - Margaret Wilson - 1999
- Speaker of the House of Representatives - Margaret Wilson - 2005
[edit] Africa
[edit] Burundi
- Prime Minister of Burundi - Sylvie Kinigi - 1993
- President of Burundi - Sylvie Kinigi - 1993
- Ambassador of Burundi - Julie Ngiriye - 1993
[edit] Central African Republic
[edit] Liberia
[edit] Mozambique
[edit] Nigeria
- Governor of Anambra State (South East Nigeria) - Virginia Etiaba - 2006
- Finance Minister - Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - 2003
- Foreign Minister - Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - 2006
[edit] Rwanda
[edit] Senegal
[edit] São Tomé and Príncipe
[edit] Other countries
These countries do not have a female holder of political office listed above. Most of these countries have had women represented in at least one level of government.
[edit] Americas
- Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Honduras, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay
[edit] Europe
- Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Vatican City
[edit] Asia
- Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Iraq, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
[edit] Oceania
- Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, East Timor, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
[edit] Africa
- Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe