List of terrorist organisations

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Most organizations that are accused of being a "terrorist organization" will deny using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the bureaucratic definition of terrorism. Therefore, this list is of organisations that are, or have been in the past, proscribed as "terrorist organizations" by other organizations, including the United Nations and national governments, where the proscription has a significant impact on the group's activities.[1]

This listing does not include states or governmental organisations which are considered under state terrorism.

Contents

Religious terrorists

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Religious terrorism is a form of religious violence. As with other forms of terrorism, there is no real consensus as to its definition. Groups are frequently classified as practitioners of religious terrorism for any one of the following reasons:

  • The group itself is defined by religion rather than by other factors (such as ideology or ethnicity).
  • Religion plays some part in defining or determining the objectives or methods of the group.
  • The ultimate objective of the group is religiously defined.

Controversy concerning classification is often found because:

  • Religion and ethnicity frequently coincide. Ethnic conflict may thus appear as religious, or religious conflict may appear as ethnic.
  • Religious groups, like other groups, frequently pursue political goals. In such cases it is often not clear which is uppermost, the political goal or the religious motivation.

Groups which have used principal religious motives for their terrorist acts and were deemed as such by supranational organizations and governments are listed here in alphabetical order by religion.

Christian

Islamist

Islamist fronts

Al Qaeda

Jewish

  • Kahane Chai (designated as terrorist by Israel, the EU, and USA)

Sikh

All of these groups demand a Khalistan (Land of the Pure) in the Indian state of Punjab and adjoining areas for Sikhs. Most have a variable amount of support from Sikhs abroad and have been in existence since the 1980s. Many have been weakened and have cut down on activities, yet they continue. The militancy in Punjab has claimed approximately 100,000 lives, according to estimates put forward by Amnesty International: this figure involves killings by both Sikh militants and the Indian forces. With the exception of the first two, the other groups have only been proscribed in India.

Other religious terrorists

Nationalistic terrorist organizations

Irish Nationalists (Northern Ireland)

Ulster Loyalists (Northern Ireland)

Indonesia

  • Barisan Merah Putih; ultra nationalist group first recruited by KOPASSUS
  • Laskar Jihad; Islamic ultra nationist group

Palestinian

Jewish (Historical)

Main article: Zionist political violence
  • Irgun (1931-1948) - regarded as a terrorist group by the British authorities and mainstream Zionist organizations (not during most of World War II).
  • Lehi (1940-1948) - regarded as a terrorist group by the British authorities.

Arab

Main article: Palestinian political violence
Main article: :Category:Palestinian militant groups

Tamil Nationalist

  • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE, aka Tamil Tigers)- Sri Lanka. One of the largest groups with an estimated 24,000 Tamil cadres who fight for separation from Sri Lanka. The group has carried out 240+ suicide bombings since the early 80s in the process which they describe as their freedom struggle. Members of the group were convicted for the suicide bomber assassinations of Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1988-1993) and former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi [6]. UNHCR has reported that this organisation recruits children by force.[7]

Other nationalist terrorists

Anarchist

Leftist, Communist, Leninist, Trotskyst, Maoist and Marxist

Ethnic terrorists (including neo-Nazis and white-supremacists)

Anti-Communists

Cuban exile groups

Further information: Opposition to Fidel Castro

All groups recognised by the International terrorism report from the United States Central Intelligence Agency.[18] The principle aim of these groups is to forge political change in Cuba.

  • Abdala
  • Alpha 66
  • Anti-Castro Commando
  • Anti-Communist Commandos
  • Brigade 2506
  • Condor
  • Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU - includes Orlando Bosch and Luis Posada Carriles)
  • Cuba Action
  • Cuba Action Commandos
  • Cuban Anti-Communist League
  • Cuban C-4
  • Movement Cuban Liberation Front
  • Cuban National Liberation Front (FLNC)
  • Cuban Power (el Poder Cubano)
  • Cuban Power
  • Cuban Representation in Exile
  • Cuban Revolutionary Directorate
  • Cuban Revolutionary Organization
  • Cuban Youth Group International
  • Secret Revolutionary United Cells
  • JCN (expansion unknown)
  • Latin American Anti-Communist Army
  • Movement of Cuban Justice Movement of the Seventh (M-7)
  • National Integration Front (FIN; Cuban Nationalist Front)
  • Omega 7
  • Pedro Luis Boitel
  • Command Pedro Ruiz Botero
  • Commandos Pragmatistas
  • Scorpion (el Alacran)
  • Second Front of Escambray
  • Secret Anti-Castro Cuban Army
  • Secret Cuban Government
  • Secret Hand Organization
  • Secret Organization Zero
  • Young Cubans
  • Youths of the Star

Ecologist

Others

Africa

Caribbean

France

Spain

  • ETA Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, main terrorist organization in Spain responsible of the numerous bombings, seeking an independent Basque Country. See also Kale borroka.
  • GAL Grupo Antiterrorista de Liberacion, terrorist organization of the government in the 1980s.
  • GRAPO Grupo Antifacista Primero de Octubre, terrorist organization of extreme left
  • FAG Fuerzas Armadas Guanches, terrorist organization of the Islas Canarias part of MPAIAC in the 1970s.
  • Terra Lliure terrorist group of Catalonia in the 1980s. and 1990s.
  • Exercito Guerrilleiro do Povo Galego Ceibe separatist group in Galicia

United Kingdom

  • Animal Rights Militia, a terrorist organization responsible for numerous letter bombs in Great Britain during the 1980s.
  • Scottish National Liberation Army, a Scottish terrorist organization fighting for the cause of Scottish independence.
  • An Gof, a Cornish terrorist organization fighting for the cause of Cornish independence.

United States

  • Afro-American Liberation Army (AALA), a terrorist organization active in Los Angeles during the 1970s.
  • Aliens of America, a terrorist organization active in Los Angeles during the 1970s.
  • American Indian Movement (AIM), originally founded as a civil rights organization, the AIM was involved in the 1972 occupations of the Mayflower II, Mount Rushmore and the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C. as well as the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee during which members were involved in gun battles with federal agents.
  • Americans for Justice, a terrorist organization active on the west coast during the 1970s.
  • Bay Bombers, a radical terrorist organization active in San Francisco, California during the 1960s.
  • Black Afro Militant Movement (BAMM), a militant terrorist organization
  • Black Liberation Army (BLA), an offshoot faction of the Black Panther Party reportedly involved in murders of police officers in San Francisco and New York between 1971 and 1973.
  • Black Muslims, a separatist involved in numerous shootouts with police and other violent activities including the "Zebra Killings" in which fourteen people were murdered in the San Francisco-area.
  • Black Nation of Islam (BNI), a terrorist organization active during the 1970s and 80s.
  • Black Revolutionary, a terrorist organization active in New York during the 1970s.
  • Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a terrorist organization responsible for the 1973 murder of Oakland school superintendent Marcus Foster and, most notably, the 1974 kidnapping of Patricia Hearst.
  • Weather Underground (WU), radical terrorist organization responsible for nineteen bombings between 1969 and 1974, including the U.S. Capitol Building in 1971 and The Pentagon in 1974.

See also

References

  1. ^ European Union. Common Position 2005/847/CFSP (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.


    * United States Department of State. Terrorist Exclusion List. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    * United States Department of State. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    * United Kingdom Home Office. Proscribed terrorist groups. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    * Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. Entities list. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    * Australian Government. Listing of Terrorist Organisations. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
    * Arab Times (Kuwait). Terror’ list out; Russia tags two Kuwaiti groups. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.

  2. ^ Abortion Hit List, sanitized
  3. ^ China issues first ever list of "terrorist" groups, World Tibet Network News, 2003-12-15
  4. ^ Hassan Abbas (2006-11-30). The Black-Turbaned Brigade: The Rise of TNSM in Pakistan. Terrorism Monitor Volume 4, Issue 23. The Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved on January 6, 2007.
  5. ^ For example, the U.S. State Department removed the PIRA from its list of terrorist organizations in 2002. [1]
  6. ^ Listing of Terrorist Organisations, Australian Government Attorney-General's Department, 27 January 2006. Accessed July 31, 2006.
  7. ^ Keeping Canadians Safe, Public Security and Emergency Preparedness Canada, National Security, Listed entities. Accessed July 31, 2006.
  8. ^ "Hamas is listed as a terrorist group in the Criminal Code of Canada." Tibbetts, Janice. Canada shuts out Hamas ,The Montreal Gazette, March 30, 2006.
  9. ^ "UK Home Office"
  10. ^ "Council Decision" Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
  11. ^ "Country reports on terrorism", U.S. State Dept., April 27, 2005.
  12. ^ Karmi, Omar. "What does the Hamas victory mean for nearby Jordan?", The Daily Star, February 18, 2006
  13. ^ 22 USC 5201(b) - "Therefore, the Congress determines that the PLO and its affiliates are a terrorist organization and a threat to the interests of the United States, its allies, and to international law and should not benefit from operating in the United States."
  14. ^ Public Law 100-204 regarding the PLO. [2]
  15. ^ National Review - And a Thief, Too: Yasser Arafat takes what he likes
  16. ^ Designation of National Council of Resistance and National Council of Resistance of Iran under Executive Order 13224
  17. ^ RESISTANCE GROUP CLAIMS EVIDENCE OF IRANIAN BOMB AMBITIONS
  18. ^ International terrorism report from the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Online

External links

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