List of states by date of self-determination
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of states by date of self-determination represents states dated back to the last time when self-determination was realized. Self-determination is lost when foreign interventions result in complete occupation or a change of leadership. (For tricky dates see the talk page)
- 1299 Ottoman Empire, present Turkey (Seljuk Empire) Mas'ud II -> Osman I
- 1368 China (Mongolian Empire) Ukhaatu Khan -> Hongwu Emperor
- 1521 Sweden (Union of Kalmar) Christian II -> Gustav I
- 1556 Spain (Holy Roman Empire) Charles V -> Philip II
- 1640 Portugal (Spain) Philip IV -> John IV
- 1707 Great Britain (England and Scotland) Anne
- 1769 Thailand (small states) Taksin
- 1776 United States (Great Britain) George III -> John Hancock
- 1798 Switzerland (France) Nicolas François de Neufchâteau -> Johann Lukas Legrand
- 1810 Argentina (Spain) Junta of Buenos Aires
- 1810 Chile (Spain) Junta of Chile
- 1810 Colombia (Spain) Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander
- 1810 Mexico (Spain) Miguel Hidalgo
- 1811 Paraguay (Spain) Fulgencio Yegros
- 1813 Liechtenstein (France) Napoleon I -> Johann I Josef
- 1813 Netherlands (France) Napoleon I -> William I
- 1815 France (Coalition) Louis XVIII
- 1825 Bolivia (Colombia) Simón Bolívar -> Antonio José de Sucre
- 1825 Uruguay (Brazil) Pedro I -> Juan Antonio Lavalleja
- 1826 Brazil (Portugal) Pedro I
- 1830 Belgium (Netherlands) William I -> Provisional Government
- 1830 Ecuador (Colombia) Simón Bolívar -> Juan José Flores
- 1830 Venezuela (Colombia) Simón Bolívar -> José Antonio Páez
- 1838 Costa Rica (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> Braulio Carrillo Colina
- 1838 Nicaragua (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> José Núñez
- 1838 Peru (Peru-Bolivian Confederacy) Andrés de Santa Cruz -> Agustín Gamarra
- 1839 Honduras (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> Juan Francisco de Molina
- 1840 El Salvador (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> José María Silva
- 1840 Guatemala (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> Rafael Carrera
- 1847 Liberia (United States) James Polk -> Joseph Jenkins Roberts
- 1861 Italy (small states) Victor Emmanuel II
- 1861 Monaco (France) Napoleon III -> Charles III
- 1909 Cuba (United States) Theodore Roosevelt -> José Miguel Gómez
- 1917 Finland (Russia) Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
- 1921 Ireland (Great Britain) George V
- 1922 Egypt (Great Britain) George V -> Fuad I
- 1923 Nepal (Great Britain) George V -> Tribhuvan
- 1924 Dominican Republic (United States) Calvin Coolidge -> Horacio Vásquez
- 1924 Mongolia (Soviet Union) Central Executive Committee -> Navaandorjiyn Jadambaa
- 1929 Vatican City (Italy) Benito Mussolini -> Pius XI
- 1931 Australia (Great Britain) George V
- 1931 Canada (Great Britain) George V
- 1931 New Zealand (Great Britain) George V
- 1931 South Africa (Great Britain) George V
- 1932 Saudi Arabia (Hijaz and Nejd) `Abd al-`Azīz Āl Sa`ūd
- 1933 Andorra (France) Albert Lebrun -> Albert Lebrun and Justí Guitart i Vilardebó
- 1941 Iran (Allies) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
- 1943 Lebanon (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Bechara El Khoury
- 1944 Albania (Germany) Adolf Hitler -> Enver Hoxha
- 1944 Ethiopia (Great Britain) George VI -> Haile Selassie
- 1944 Greece (Germany) Adolf Hitler -> George Papandreou
- 1944 Iceland (Allies) Sveinn Björnsson
- 1944 Luxembourg (Germany) Adolf Hitler -> Charlotte
- 1944 San Marino (Allies) Francesco Balsimelli and Sanzio Valentini
- 1945 Austria (Allies) Karl Renner
- 1945 Denmark (Germany) Karl Dönitz -> Christian X
- 1945 Norway (Germany) Karl Dönitz -> Haakon VII
- 1945 Poland (Soviet Union) Mikhail Kalinin -> Edward Osóbka-Morawski
- 1946 Bulgaria (Soviet Union) Nikolay Shvernik -> Vasil Kolarov
- 1946 Jordan (Great Britain) George VI -> Abdullah I
- 1946 Philippines (United States) Harry Truman -> Manuel Roxas
- 1947 India (Great Britain) George VI
- 1947 Pakistan (Great Britain) George VI
- 1947 Romania (Soviet Union) Nikolay Shvernik -> Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
- 1948 Burma (Great Britain) George VI -> Sao Shwe Thaik
- 1948 Israel (Great Britain) George VI -> David Ben Gurion
- 1948 North Korea (Soviet Union) Nikolay Shvernik -> Kim Doo-bong
- 1948 South Korea (United States) Harry Truman -> Syngman Rhee
- 1948 Sri Lanka (Great Britain) George VI
- 1949 Bhutan (India) George VI -> Jigme Wangchuk
- 1949 Indonesia (Netherlands) Juliana -> Sukarno
- 1949 Laos (France) Vincent Auriol -> Sisavang Vong
- 1949 Taiwan Chiang Kai-shek
- 1951 Libya (Great Britain and France) Idris I
- 1952 Japan (United States) Harry Truman -> Hirohito
- 1956 Hungary (Soviet Union) Kliment Voroshilov -> István Dobi
- 1956 Morocco (France and Spain) Mohammed V
- 1956 Sudan (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Sovereignty Council
- 1956 Tunisia (France) René Coty -> Habib Bourguiba
- 1957 Ghana (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1957 Malaysia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Tuanku Abdul Rahman
- 1958 Guinea (France) René Coty -> Ahmed Sékou Touré
- 1960 Benin (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Hubert Maga
- 1960 Burkina Faso (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Maurice Yaméogo
- 1960 Cameroon (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Ahmadou Ahidjo
- 1960 Central African Republic (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Paul Camille Bordier
- 1960 Chad (France) Charles de Gaulle -> François Tombalbaye
- 1960 Congo-Brazzaville (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Fulbert Youlou
- 1960 Congo-Kinshasa (Belgium) Baudouin I -> Joseph Kasa Vubu
- 1960 Côte d'Ivoire (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Félix Houphouët-Boigny
- 1960 Cyprus (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Makarios III
- 1960 Gabon (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Léon M'ba
- 1960 Madagascar (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Philibert Tsiranana
- 1960 Mali (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Modibo Keïta
- 1960 Mauritania (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Moktar Ould Daddah
- 1960 Niger (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Hamani Diori
- 1960 Nigeria (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1960 Senegal (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Léopold Sédar Senghor
- 1960 Somalia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
- 1960 Togo (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Sylvanus Olympio
- 1961 Sierra Leone (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1961 Syria (United Arab Republic) Gamal Abdel Nasser -> Maamun al-Kuzbari
- 1962 Algeria (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Ahmed Ben Bella
- 1962 Burundi (Belgium) Baudouin I -> Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng
- 1962 Rwanda (Belgium) Baudouin I -> Grégoire Kayibanda
- 1962 Jamaica (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1962 Samoa (New Zealand) Elizabeth II -> Malietoa Tanumafili II and Tupua Tamasese
- 1962 Trinidad and Tobago (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1963 Kenya (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1964 Malawi (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1964 Malta (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1964 Tanzania (Tanganyika and Zanzibar) Julius Nyerere
- 1964 Zambia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Kenneth Kaunda
- 1965 Maldives (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Muhammad Fareed Didi
- 1965 Singapore (Malaysia) Tuanku Syed Putra -> Encik Yusof bin Ishak
- 1965 Rhodesia, present Zimbabwe (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1965 The Gambia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1966 Barbados (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1966 Botswana (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Seretse Khama
- 1966 Guyana (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1966 Lesotho (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Moshoeshoe II
- 1968 Equatorial Guinea (Spain) Francisco Franco -> Francisco Macías Nguema
- 1968 Mauritius (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1968 Nauru (Australia) Elizabeth II -> Hammer DeRoburt
- 1968 Swaziland (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Sobhuza II
- 1970 Fiji (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1970 Tonga (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Taufa'ahau Tupou IV
- 1971 Bahrain (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa
- 1971 Bangladesh (Pakistan) Yahya Khan -> Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
- 1971 Oman (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Qaboos bin Sa’id Al ‘Bu Sa’id
- 1971 Qatar (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Ahmad ibn 'Ali Al Thani
- 1971 United Arab Emirates (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahayan
- 1973 Guinea Bissau (Portugal) Américo Thomaz -> Luís Cabral
- 1973 The Bahamas (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1975 Angola (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Agostinho Neto
- 1975 Cape Verde (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Aristides Pereira
- 1975 Comoros (France) Valéry Giscard d'Estaing -> Ahmed Abdallah
- 1975 Mozambique (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Samora Machel
- 1975 Papua New Guinea (Australia) Elizabeth II
- 1975 São Tomé and Príncipe (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Manuel Pinto da Costa
- 1975 Suriname (Netherlands) Juliana -> Johan Ferrier
- 1976 Seychelles (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> James Mancham
- 1976 Vietnam (North and South Vietnam) Ton Duc Thang
- 1977 Djibouti (France) Valéry Giscard d'Estaing -> Hassan Gouled Aptidon
- 1978 Afghanistan (Soviet Union) Leonid Brezhnev -> Babrak Karmal
- 1978 Dominica (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Louis Cools-Lartigue
- 1978 Solomon Islands (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1978 Tuvalu (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1979 Cambodia (Vietnam) Ton Duc Thang -> Heng Samrin
- 1979 Kiribati (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Ieremia Tabai
- 1979 Saint Lucia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1979 Uganda (Tanzania) Julius Nyerere -> Yusuf Lule
- 1980 Vanuatu (France and Great Britain) George Kalkoa
- 1981 Antigua and Barbuda (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1981 Belize (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1983 Grenada (United States) Ronald Reagan -> Elizabeth II
- 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
- 1984 Brunei (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Hassanal Bolkiah
- 1986 Marshall Islands (United States) Ronald Reagan -> Amata Kabua
- 1986 Federated States of Micronesia (United States) Ronald Reagan -> Tosiwo Nakayama
- 1989 Panama (United States) George Bush -> Francisco Rodríguez
- 1990 Germany (East and West Germany) Helmut Kohl
- 1990 Lithuania (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Vytautas Landsbergis
- 1990 Namibia (South Africa) Frederik Willem de Klerk -> Sam Nujoma
- 1990 Yemen (North and South Yemen) Ali Abdullah Saleh
- 1991 Armenia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Levon Ter-Petrossian
- 1991 Azerbaijan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Ayaz Mutalibov
- 1991 Belarus (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Stanislav Shushkevich
- 1991 Croatia (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Franjo Tuđman
- 1991 Estonia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Arnold Rüütel
- 1991 Georgia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Zviad Gamsakhurdia
- 1991 Kazakhstan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Nursultan Nazarbayev
- 1991 Kuwait (Iraq) Saddam Hussein -> Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
- 1991 Kyrgyzstan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Askar Akayev
- 1991 Macedonia (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Kiro Gligorov
- 1991 Moldova (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Mircea Snegur
- 1991 Russia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Boris Yeltsin
- 1991 Slovenia (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Milan Kučan
- 1991 Tajikistan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Rakhmon Nabiyev
- 1991 Turkmenistan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Saparmurat Niyazov
- 1991 Ukraine (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Leonid Kravchuk
- 1991 Uzbekistan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Islom Karimov
- 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Alija Izetbegović
- 1993 Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia) Jan Stráský -> Václav Havel
- 1993 Eritrea (Ethiopia) Meles Zenawi -> Isaias Afewerki
- 1993 Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) Jan Stráský -> Vladimír Mečiar
- 1994 Haiti (United States) Bill Clinton -> Jean-Bertrand Aristide
- 1994 Palau (United States) Bill Clinton -> Kuniwo Nakamura
- 2002 East Timor (Indonesia) Megawati Sukarnoputri -> Xanana Gusmão
- 2004 Iraq (United States) George Bush -> Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
- 2006 Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro) Svetozar Marović -> Filip Vujanović
- 2006 Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro) Svetozar Marović -> Boris Tadić