List of revolutions and rebellions

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Scene from the failed Canadian rebellion against British rule in 1837.
Scene from the failed Canadian rebellion against British rule in 1837.

This is a list of revolutions and rebellions.

Contents

[edit] BC

[edit] 0 - 1000

[edit] 1000-1600

See also: Popular revolt in late medieval Europe
The end of the unsuccessful Peasants' Revolt in England 1381. Rebel leader Wat Tyler is killed while Richard II watches, a second image within the painting shows Richard addressing the crowd
The end of the unsuccessful Peasants' Revolt in England 1381. Rebel leader Wat Tyler is killed while Richard II watches, a second image within the painting shows Richard addressing the crowd

[edit] 1600-1900

  • 1642-1653: the English Revolution commence as a civil war between Parliament and King and culminates in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a republican Commonwealth succeeded several years later by the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell..
  • 1648: Khmelnytsky_Uprising of Cossacks in Ukraine against Polish nobility in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
  • 1688: The Glorious Revolution overthrow in England of King James II and establishment of a Whig-dominated Protestant constitutional monarchy.
  • 1693: the second Revolta de les Germanies in Valencia, prompted by feudal taxation.
  • 1768: Rebellion of 1768 by Creole and German settlers objecting to the turnover of the Louisiana Territory from New France to New Spain
  • 1774-1783: the American Revolution establishes independence of the thirteen North American colonies from Great Britain, creating the republic of the United States of America. A war of independence in that it created one nation from another, it was also a revolution in that it overthrew an existing societal and governmental order: the Colonial government in the Colonies. The American Revolution heavily influenced the French Revolution that followed it and lead to the creation of a Constitutional form of government (see U.S. Constitution).
  • 1780-1782: José Gabriel Condorcanqui, known as Túpac Amaru II, raises an indigenous peasant army in revolt against Spanish control of Peru.
  • 1789: regarded as one of the most influential of all socio-political revolutions, the French Revolution is associated with the rise of the bourgeoisie and the downfall of the aristocracy.
Battle at "Snake Gully" 1802, during the Haitian Revolution against French rule which succeeded in 1804
Battle at "Snake Gully" 1802, during the Haitian Revolution against French rule which succeeded in 1804
Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the French Revolution of 1830
Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the French Revolution of 1830

[edit] 1900-1950

Public demonstration in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul, during the Young Turk Revolution of 1908
Public demonstration in the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul, during the Young Turk Revolution of 1908
Algerian guerrillas shooting a mortar across the Algerian-Tunisian border during the Algerian War of Independence (1958)
Algerian guerrillas shooting a mortar across the Algerian-Tunisian border during the Algerian War of Independence (1958)

[edit] 1950-2000

Cuban guerilla fighters led by Fidel Castro in the Sierra Maestra mountains during the Cuban Revolution 1956-59
Cuban guerilla fighters led by Fidel Castro in the Sierra Maestra mountains during the Cuban Revolution 1956-59
  • 1956: Hungarian Revolution, a failed workers' and peasants' revolution against the Soviet-supported communist state in Hungary.
  • 1958: popular revolt in Venezuela against military dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez culminates in a civic-military coup d'état
  • 1958: the Iraqi Revolution led by nationalist soldiers abolishes the British-backed monarchy, executes many of its top officials, and begins to assert the country's independence from both Cold War power blocs.
  • 1959: Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro removes the government of General Fulgencio Batista. By 1962 Cuba had been transformed into a declared socialist republic.
  • 1959: the Tutsi king of Rwanda is forced into exile by Hutu extremists; racial pogroms follow an assassination attempt on Hutu leader Grégoire Kayibanda
  • 1961-1975: Angolan Marxists and other radicals grouped in the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) begin guerrilla attacks on Portuguese infrastructure. With extensive military assistance from Cuba, the MPLA is able to outmaneuver two rival organizations and establish control of Luanda in time for independence on November 11, 1975. Civil war between the MPLA government and the anti-communist UNITA continued on-and-off until 2002, when UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi was killed.
  • 1962-1974: The leftist African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) wages a revolutionary war of independence in Portuguese Guinea. In 1973, the independent Republic of Guinea-Bissau is proclaimed, and the next year the republic's independence is recognized by the reformist military junta in Lisbon.
  • 1962: revolution in northern Yemen overthrows the imam and establishes the Yemen Arab Republic
  • 1963-1967: nationalists in British-ruled Aden, with an eye on recent events in North Yemen and in Palestine, declare war on the British under the umbrella of the National Liberation Front (NLF). The UK hands over control to an independent South Yemen in November 1967. In 1969, moderate President Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi is edged out in favor of more radical socialists, who convoke a constituent assembly and begin to develop the state along Marxist-Leninist lines. The result is the only Communist state in the Arab world and the first in a Muslim country.
  • 1964: following an American school's provocative decision to raise only the flag of the United States, Panamanian students march into the Panama Canal Zone with the flag of Panama. After the latter flag is torn, thousands more become involved, starting huge riots that lasted three days. About 20 people were killed and hundreds more injured.
  • 1964: the Zanzibar Revolution overthrows the 157-year-old Arab monarchy, declares the People's Republic of Zanzibar, and begins the process of unification with Julius Nyerere's Tanganyika
  • 1964: the October Revolution in Sudan, driven by a general strike and rioting, forces President Ibrahim Abboud to transfer executive power to a transitional civilian government and eventually resign.
  • 1964-1975: the Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO), formed in 1962, commences a guerrilla war against Portuguese colonialism. Independence is granted on June 25, 1975; however, the Mozambican Civil War complicated the political situation and frustrated FRELIMO's attempts at radical change. The war continued into the early 1990s after the government dropped Marxism as the state ideology.]
  • 1966: Kwame Nkrumah is removed from power in Ghana by coup-de-etat.
  • 1966-1976: Cultural Revolution, a maoist-led sociological repression in the People's Republic of China.
  • 1966-1993: A guerrilla warfare is conducted against the repressive government of François Tombalbaye from the Sudan-based group FROLINAT. After the killing of field commander Ibrahim Abatcha in 1968, the movement jettisoned its socialist rhetoric and split into irreconciliable factions that often fought among themselves. Tombalbaye was brought down and executed in a 1975 military coup, and in 1979 the FROLINAT factions established the Transitional Government of National Union (GUNT). This experiment lasted until 1982, when a FROLINAT splinter, led by Hissène Habré, took control of N'Djamena. Supporters of marginalized GUNT president Goukouni Oueddei held out for a few years at Bardai, but the group eventually dissolved; but a new formation, the MPS, continued the civil war and brought to power in 1990 Idriss Déby.
  • 1966-1998: The Ulster Volunteer Force is recreated by militant Protestant British Loyalists in Northern Ireland to wage war against the Irish Republican Army, and the Roman Catholic community at large.
  • 1967-1970: BIAFRA; The former eastern Nigeria unsuccessfully fought for a breakaway republic of Biafra.After the mainly Ibo people of the region suffered pogroms in northern Nigeria the previous year.
Protestors rebelling against Soviet style communism during the Prague Spring of 1968
Protestors rebelling against Soviet style communism during the Prague Spring of 1968
Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini during the Iranian Revolution of 1979
Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini during the Iranian Revolution of 1979

[edit] 2000-today

[edit] References

  1. ^ White, Richard Alan. Paraguay's Autonomous Revolution, 1810-1840. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1978.
  2. ^ Robie, David. Blood on their Banner: Nationalist Struggles in the South Pacific. London: Zed Books, Ltd., 1989. pp. 66-80.
  3. ^ Ibid., pp. 116-126.

[edit] See also

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