List of premiers of China

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Alternative meaning: Chancellor of China

This is a list of the Premiers of China since 1911.

According to Chinese historical records, the first premier of China was appointed in about 1130 BC, by First King of Shang Dynasty. Since then, almost every monarch in China had appointed a Premier or Prime Minister to help him to run the administration. This role has been known by several different names, most commonly Chancellor. With the re-unification of China under the Qin Emperor in 221 BC, the power on the premiers' hands was reduced because of the Emperors' intentions of setting up an absolute monarchy. Finally, in 1380, Emperor Hongwu decreed to kill his Chancellor, & never appointed another one in his life. Since this, emperors never appointed any other premiers up to 1911. During much of the Qing Dynasty, the role of premier was carried out collectively by the ministers of the General Command Centre.

The modern creation of Chinese Premiership happened in mid 1911, when the Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" as a "reform" on Chinese politics, shortly before it was overthrown. Since Yuan Shikai take over the premiership, premiers of China played an influential role in Chinese politics.

Premiers are appointed by Presidents, but some premiers were even more powerful than the presidents, during the early age of the Republic of China. Some presidents were even expelled by the premiers they appointed.

The title of premier in China had been changed several times, so this list is divided into several sections.

Contents

[edit] Prime Ministers of Qing Imperial Government(1911-1912)

The Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" in May 1911, in order to appease popular anger and calls for reform. But the formation of Cabinet brought even more disaffection. Soon the Wuchang Uprising forced the Qing government to abolish the cabinet, and instead summon Yuan Shikai to head the government. The imperial government collapsed soon after.

[edit] Premiers of the Cabinet of ROC (1912-1914)

According to the Provisional Constitution of Republic of China, which passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.

[edit] Secretaries of state of ROC (1914-1916)

[edit] Premiers of ROC's State Council (1916-1917)

  • Duan Qirui (29 Jun 1916 - 23 May 1917, 1st time)
  • Wu Tingfang (23 May - 28 May 1917, acting)
  • Li Jingxi (28 May - 1 Jul 1917, 1st time)

[edit] Prime Minister of Restored Qing Imperial Government (1917)

A coup d'etat in order to restore the Qing monarchy occurred on July 1, 1917. The leader of the coup, Zhang Xun, was immediately rewarded the premiership by Emperor Puyi. But Chang was defeated by Duan Qirui on July 12 and the Republic of China restored.

  • Zhang Xun (1 - 12 Jul 1917)

[edit] Premiers of ROC's State Council (1917-1925)

  • Duan Qirui (14 Jul - 22 Nov 1917, 2nd time)
  • Wang Daxie (22 - 30 Nov 1917, acting 1st time)
  • Wang Shizhen (30 Nov 1917 - 20 Feb 1918, acting)
  • Qian Nengxun (20 Feb - 23 Mar 1918, acting 1st time)
  • Duan Qirui (23 Mar - 10 Oct 1918, 3rd time)
  • Qian Nengxun (10 Oct 1918 - 13 Jun 1919, acting 2nd time)
  • Gong Xinzhan (13 Jun - 24 Sep 1919, acting)
  • Jin Yunpeng (24 Sep 1919 - 14 May 1920, 1st time, acting to 5 Nov 1919)
  • Sa Zhenbing (14 May - 9 Aug 1920)
  • Jin Yunpeng (9 Aug 1920 - 18 Dec 1921, 2nd time)
  • Yan Huiqing (18 Dec - 24 Dec 1921, acting, 1st time)
  • Liang Shiyi (24 Dec 1921 - 25 Jan 1922)
  • Yan Huiqing (25 Jan - 8 Apr 1922, acting, 2nd time)
  • Zhou Ziqi (8 Apr - 11 Jun 1922, acting)
  • Yan Huiqing (11 Jun - 5 Aug 1922, 3rd time)
  • Wang Chonghui (5 Aug - 29 Nov 1922,acting)
  • Wang Daxie (29 Nov - 11 Dec 1922, acting 2nd time)
  • Wang Zhengting(11 Dec 1922 - 4 Jan 1923, acting)
  • Zhang Shaozeng (4 Jan - 9 Sep 1923)
  • Gao Lingwei(9 Sep 1923 - 12 Jan 1924)
  • Sun Baoqi (12 Jan - 2 Jul 1924, 2nd time)
  • Gu Weijun (2 Jul - 14 Sep 1924, acting)
  • Yan Huiqing (14 Sep - 31 Oct 1924, 4th time)
  • Huang Fu (2 Nov - 24 Nov 1924, acting)

Note: The Premiership was abolished from November 25, 1924 to December 26, 1925. The head of the cabinet during this period was Duan Qirui, the Provisional Chief Executive of ROC.

[edit] Premiers of ROC's State Council (1925-1928)

  • Xu Shiying (26 Dec 1925 - 4 Mar 1926)
  • Jia Deyao (4 Mar - 20 Apr 1926, acting)
  • Hu Weide (20 Apr - 13 May 1926, acting)
  • Yan Huiqing (13 May - 22 Jun 1926, 5th time)
  • Du Xigui (22 Jun - 1 Oct 1926, acting)
  • Gu Weijun (1 Oct 1926 - 18 Jun 1927, acting 2nd time)
  • Pan Fu (18 Jun 1927 - 2 Jun 1928)

[edit] Presidents of the ROC's Executive Yuan

Main article: Premier of the Republic of China

When Chiang Kai-shek established the Nanking Nationalist Government in 1928, he created a presidency for Executive Yuan instead of a premiership, in order to show the difference between his government and the previous one in Beijing (then renamed Beiping). This government moved to Chongqing during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and at the end of the Chinese Civil War relocated to Taipei where it exists today.

[edit] Premiers of PRC's State Council (since 1949)

Main article: Premier of the People's Republic of China

The Premiership of PRC was created since the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.

[edit] See also

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