List of palaces

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This is a list of palaces by country. For main article please see palace

Contents

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[edit] China

The English word "palace" is used to translate the Chinese word 宮 (pronounced "gōng" in Mandarin). This character represents two rooms connected (呂), under a roof (宀). Originally the character applied to any residence or mansion, but starting with the Qin Dynasty (3rd century BC) it was used only for the residence of the emperor and members of the imperial family. Chinese palaces are different from post-Renaissance European palaces in the sense that they are not made up of one building only (however big and convoluted the building may be), but are in fact huge spaces surrounded by a wall and containing large separated halls (殿 diàn) for ceremonies and official business, as well as smaller buildings, galleries, courtyards, gardens, and outbuildings, more like the Roman or Carolingian palatium.

[edit] List of Chinese imperial palaces, in chronological order

  • Xianyang Palace (咸陽宮), in (Qin) Xianyang (咸陽), now 15 km/9 miles east of modern Xianyang, Shaanxi province: this was the royal palace of the state of Qin before the Chinese unification, and then the palace of the First Emperor when China was unified.
  • Epang Palace (阿房宮 - probable meaning: "The Palace on the Hill"), 20 km/12 miles south of (Qin) Xianyang (咸陽), now 15 km/9 miles west of Xi'an (西安), Shaanxi province: the fabulous imperial palace built by the First Emperor in replacement of Xianyang Palace.
  • Weiyang Palace (未央宮 - "The Endless Palace"), in (Han) Chang'an (長安), now 7km/4 miles northeast of downtown Xi'an (西安), Shaanxi province: imperial palace of the prestigious Western Han Dynasty for two centuries. This is the largest palace ever built on Earth, covering 4.8 km² (1,200 acres), which is 6.7 times the size of the current Forbidden City, or 11 times the size of the Vatican City.
  • Southern Palace (南宮) and Northern Palace (北宮), in Luoyang (洛陽), Henan province: imperial palaces of the Eastern Han Dynasty for two centuries, the Southern Palace being used for court hearings and audiences, the Northern Palace being the private residence of the emperor and his concubines.
  • Taiji Palace (太極宮 - "The Palace of the Supreme Ultimate"), also known as the Western Apartments (西内), in (Tang) Chang'an (長安), now downtown Xi'an (西安), Shaanxi province: imperial palace during the Sui Dynasty (who called it Daxing Palace - 大興宮) and in the beginning of the Tang Dynasty (until A.D. 663). Area: 4.2 km² (1,040 acres), imperial section proper: 1.92 km² (474 acres).
  • Daming Palace (大明宮 - "The Palace of the Great Brightness"), also known as the Eastern Apartments (東内), in (Tang) Chang'an (長安), now downtown Xi'an (西安), Shaanxi province: imperial palace of the Tang Dynasty after A.D. 663 (it was briefly named Penglai Palace (蓬萊宮) between 663 and 705), but the prestigious Taiji Palace remained used for major state ceremonies such as coronations. Area: 3.11 km² (768 acres).
  • Kaifeng Imperial Palace (東京大内皇宮), in Dongjing (東京), now called Kaifeng (開封), Henan province: imperial palace of the Northern Song Dynasty.
  • Hangzhou Imperial Palace (臨安大内禁宮), in Lin'an (臨安), now called Hangzhou (杭州), Zhejiang province: imperial palace of the Southern Song Dynasty.
  • Ming Imperial Palace (明故宮), in Nanjing (南京), Jiangsu province: imperial palace of the Ming Dynasty until 1421.
  • Forbidden City (紫禁城), now known in China as Beijing's Old Palace (北京故宫), in Jingshi (京師), now called Beijing (北京): imperial palace of the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty from 1421 until 1924. Area: 720,000 m² (178 acres).
Hall of Supreme Harmony, Forbidden City, Beijing
Hall of Supreme Harmony, Forbidden City, Beijing

Apart from the main imperial palace, Chinese dynasties also had several other imperial palaces in the capital city where the empress, crown prince, or other members of the imperial family dwelled. There also existed palaces outside of the capital city called "away palaces" (離宮) where the emperors resided when traveling. The habit also developed of building garden estates in the countryside surrounding the capital city, where the emperors retired at times to get away from the rigid etiquette of the imperial palace, or simply to escape from the summer heat inside their capital. This practice reached a zenith with the Qing Dynasty, whose emperors built the fabulous Imperial Gardens (御園), now known in China as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness (圓明園), and better known in English as the Old Summer Palace. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided and worked in the Imperial Gardens, 8km/5 miles outside of the walls of Beijing, the Forbidden City inside Beijing being used only for formal ceremonies.

These gardens were made up of three gardens: the Garden of Perfect Brightness proper, the Garden of Eternal Spring (長春園), and the Elegant Spring Garden (綺春園); they covered a huge area of 3.5 km² (865 acres), almost 5 times the size of the Forbidden City, and 8 times the size of the Vatican City. comprising hundreds of halls, pavilions, temples, galleries, gardens, lakes, etc. Several famous landscapes of southern China had been reproduced in the Imperial Gardens, hundreds of invaluable Chinese art masterpieces and antiquities were stored in the halls, making the Imperial Gardens one of the largest museum in the world. Some unique copies of literary work and compilations were also stored inside the Imperial Gardens. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the British and French expeditionary forces looted the Old Summer Palace. Then on October 18, 1860, in order to "punish" the imperial court, which had refused to allow Western embassies inside Beijing, the British general Lord Elgin- with protestations from the French - purposely ordered to set fire to the huge complex which burned to the ground. It took 3500 British troops to set the entire place ablaze and took three whole days to burn. The burning of the Gardens of Perfect Brightness is still a very sensitive issue in China today.

Following this cultural catastrophe, the imperial court was forced to relocate to the old and austere Forbidden City where it stayed until 1924, when the Last Emperor was expelled by a republican army. Empress dowager Cixi (慈禧太后) built the Summer Palace (頤和園 - "The Garden of Nurtured Harmony") near the Old Summer Palace, but on a much smaller scale than the Old Summer Palace. There are currently some projects in China to rebuild the Imperial Gardens, but this appears as a colossal undertaking, and no rebuilding has started yet.

[edit] Czech Republic

[edit] Denmark

See List of castles and palaces in Denmark for full list.

[edit] Egypt

[edit] Cairo

[edit] Alexandria

[edit] Estonia

[edit] Ethiopia

  • Jubilee Palace (National Palace) - Seat of the President, former imperial palace

[edit] Finland

  • Turku Castle, the only castle in Finland where there was for some time in the 16th century a real royal court.

[edit] France

[edit] Paris

Château de Versailles
Château de Versailles

[edit] Versailles

[edit] Île-de-France

Château de Fontainebleau
Château de Fontainebleau

[edit] Elsewhere

[edit] Germany

German has two contrasting words, parallel to French usage: Schloss which connotes a seat that is enclosed by walls, a fastness or keep, and Palast, a more conscious borrowing, with the usual connotations of splendor. The former Holy Roman Empire, a congeries of independent territories, is filled with residences that were seats of government and had every right to be called "palace." Even the Socialist government of the former East Germany met in the Palast der Republik (built in 1976).

Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin
Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin

[edit] Baden-Württemberg

[edit] Bavaria

[edit] Berlin

[edit] Brandenburg

[edit] Saxony

[edit] Ghana

[edit] Greece

The Hellenic Parliament today
The Hellenic Parliament today
Achilleion Palace
Achilleion Palace


[edit] India

Khas Mahal, Agra Fort, Agra
Khas Mahal, Agra Fort, Agra
Rajbari Palace, Cooch Behar
Rajbari Palace, Cooch Behar
Main gate of Mysore Palace, Mysore
Main gate of Mysore Palace, Mysore
Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), Jaipur
Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), Jaipur

[edit] Indonesia

Pagaruyung Palace, West Sumatra
Pagaruyung Palace, West Sumatra

[edit] Iran

[edit] Italy

View of the gardens of Caserta
View of the gardens of Caserta
Ca' Rezzonico, Venice
Ca' Rezzonico, Venice

[edit] Japan

View on Nijubashi and moat of Imperial Palace, Tokyo
View on Nijubashi and moat of Imperial Palace, Tokyo

[edit] Korea

from Goguryeo Kingdom:

from Baekje Kingdom:

from Silla Kingdom:

from Balhae Kingdom:

  • Hwanggung, Yongchunbu

from Taebong Kingdom:

from Goryeo Period:

Deoksu Palace, Seoul
Deoksu Palace, Seoul

from Joseon Period:

[edit] Laos

[edit] Latvia

[edit] Lithuania

Presidential Palace in Vilnius
Presidential Palace in Vilnius

[edit] Malaysia

  • Istana Negara - Royal residence of the King of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
  • Istana Melawati - Second national palace, located in Putrajaya
  • Istana Alam Shah - The Sultan of Selangor's official residence in Klang
  • Istana Bukit Kayangan - The Sultan of Selangor's state palace in Shah Alam
  • Istana Mestika - The official residence of the crown prince of Selangor, also in Shah Alam
  • Istana Bandar - A big palace made of wood and marble built for The fifth Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman
  • Istana Jugra
  • Istana Bukit Serene - The Sultan of Johor's palace in Johor
  • Istana Besar - Istana Besar is a royal palace of the Sultan of Johor which is located in Johor Bahru
  • Istana Pasir Pelangi - a royal palace of the Tengku Mahkota(crown prince) of Johor
  • Istana Hinggap - a resting palace of the Sultan of Johor which is located in Segamat
  • Istana Sri Menanti - Istana Sri Menanti was the official residence of the Negeri Sembilan royal family until 1931 and was turned into a Royal Museum in 1992
  • Istana Ampang Tinggi was commissioned by the 5th Yamtuan of Negri Sembilan, Yamtuan Ulin Ibni Almarhum Yamtuan Hitam. The palace was built between 1865 and 1870 at Ampang Tinggi ("High Dam") in Kuala Pilah
  • Istana Iskandariah - The official residence of all the Sultans of Perak who have been installed since its completion in 1933. The palace is named after Sultan Iskandar Shah (1918-1938) who initiated its construction.
  • Istana Hulu - The palace, designed with a mixture of Western neo-classical and Islamic styles, was built in 1903 for the 28th Sultan of Perak.
  • Istana Kenangan- The Perak Royal Museum was built as a royal residence in 1926. It is an amazing architecture which was built from woods without a single nail.
  • Istana Jahar - Built in 1887, Istana Jahar was a gift from Sultan Mahmud II to his grandson, Long Kundur. Today, this palace is known as the Museum of Royal Traditions and Customs Kelantan
  • Istana Balai Besar - The palace was built by Sultan Muhamad 11 in 1840 in Kelantan
  • Istana Kota Lama - Old royal palace of Kelantan
  • Istana Batu - the Royal Museum is located in the middle of the Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The design of the palace was inspired by HRH Sultan Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV who reigned from 1920 to 1944.
  • Istana Maziah is believed to have been constructed during the reign of Sultan Zainal Abidin Ill in Terengganu. It was built in 1897 to replace the lstana Hijau
  • Istana Badariah
  • Istana Nur Nadhirah
  • Istana Pelamin - or Istana Kota Setar. Presently the Kedah Royal Museum
  • The Astana- Presently the official residence of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, the Governor of Sarawak.The second Rajah, Charles Brooke, built this palace in 1870
  • Kellie's Castle was meant to be a home away from home for Scottish Planter, William Kellie Smith in the 19th century in Perak

[edit] Malta

[edit] Mexico

[edit] Monaco

[edit] Mongolia

[edit] Myanmar

[edit] The Netherlands

[edit] New Zealand

Tūrangawaewae - Official residence of the head of the Māori King Movement currently King Tuheitia Paki. The complex consists of Mahinarangi, Turongo and other substantial buildings used by the Kingitanga for a number of larger Iwi gatherings.

Mahinarangi meeting house
Mahinarangi meeting house
Turongo House
Turongo House

Apart from the large complex at Turangawaewae Marae located in the town of Ngaruawahia, the previous Maori Monarch Te Atairangikaahu had a home at Waahi Marae in Huntly where she lived for most of her 40 year reign with her consort Whatumoana Paki. The Maori King or Queen are required to attend 33 Poukai annually conducted at Marae loyal to the Kingitangi movement. Many of these Marae maintain residences for the Maori King or Queen for them to use during such visits.

[edit] Norway

[edit] Pakistan

[edit] Peru

Government Palace and the Husares of Junin, Peru
Government Palace and the Husares of Junin, Peru

[edit] Philippines

[edit] Poland

Warsaw Royal Castle
Warsaw Royal Castle
Sobański Palace in Warsaw
Sobański Palace in Warsaw

[edit] Portugal

[edit] Romania

[edit] Russia

Hall of the Order of St. Andrew, Grand Kremlin Palace
Hall of the Order of St. Andrew, Grand Kremlin Palace
Peterhof Palace, Russia
Peterhof Palace, Russia
  • Tver
    • Catherine Palace

[edit] Rwanda

[edit] Serbia

[edit] Singapore

[edit] Sweden

[edit] Spain

Palacio Real, Madrid
Palacio Real, Madrid

[edit] Slovakia

[edit] Thailand

Grand Palace, Bangkok
Grand Palace, Bangkok

[edit] Tibet

[edit] Turkey

Dolmabahçe Sarayı, Istanbul
Dolmabahçe Sarayı, Istanbul

In Turkish, a palace is a Saray.

  • Topkapı Palace - Former residence of the Ottoman sultans
  • Dolmabahçe Palace - Former residence of the Ottoman Royal Family, today state-guest house
  • Çırağan Palace - Former royal residence, today hotel
  • Beylerbeyi Palace - Former royal residence
  • Küçüksu Palace - Former royal summer residence
  • Hıdîv Palace - Former royal summer residence
  • Yıldız Palace - Former royal residence
  • Palace of Adile Sultan - Former royal residence
  • Ihlamur Palace - Former royal summer residence
  • Feriye Palace - Former royal residence
  • İbrahim Paşa Palace - Former royal residence
  • Sepetçiler Palace - Former royal summer residence

[edit] Turkmenistan

[edit] Ukraine

[edit] United Kingdom

[edit] England

Buckingham Palace, London
Buckingham Palace, London

[edit] Scotland

Linlithgow Palace, Scotland
Linlithgow Palace, Scotland

[edit] United States

Iolani Palace, Honolulu
Iolani Palace, Honolulu

[edit] Hawai'i

[edit] Vatican City

[edit] Venezuela

[edit] Vietnam

[edit] List of non-residential Palaces

Some large impressive buildings which were not meant to be residences, but are nonetheless called palaces, include:

Note, too, the French use of the word palais in such constructions as palais des congrès (convention centre) and palais de justice (courthouse).

[edit] See also

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