List of monarchs of Korea

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History of Korea

Gojoseon, Jin
Proto-Three Kingdoms:
 Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye
 Samhan
  Ma, Byeon, Jin
Three Kingdoms:
 Goguryeo
  Sui wars
 Baekje
 Silla, Gaya
North-South States:
 Unified Silla
 Balhae
 Later Three Kingdoms
Goryeo
 Khitan wars
 Mongol invasions
Joseon
 Japanese invasions
 Manchu invasions
Korean Empire
Japanese occupation
 Provisional Gov't
Division of Korea
 Korean War
North, South Korea
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Korean dynasties are listed in the order of their ruling era.

This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

Contents

[edit] Gojoseon

Gojoseon (c.2333 BC - 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. It is said to have been founded by Dangun in 2333 BC, although the foundation years are various among the historians.[1]. Bronze age archeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and southern Manchuria. By the 4th century BC, various historical and archeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

The Annals of the Danguns are recorded in Gyuwon Sahwa (1675), which is described by its author as a collection of nationalistic legends. The Hwandan Gogi, a controversial text whose authenticity is widely questioned, lists different years of reign.

See also List of legendary monarchs of Korea.

[edit] Dangun-Joseon

This most monarchs of Dangun-Joseon is informality. from Gyuwon Sahwa, considered legendary:

  1. Dangun Wanggeom 왕검 (BC 2333-BC 2240)
  2. Buru 부루 (BC 2240-BC 2206)
  3. Gareuk 가륵 (BC 2206-BC 2155)
  4. Osa 오사 (BC 2155-BC 2106)
  5. Gueul 구을 (BC 2106-BC 2071)
  6. Dalmun 달문 (BC 2071-BC 2039)
  7. Hanyul 한율 (BC 2039-BC 2014)
  8. Seohan 서한 (BC 2014-BC 1957)
  9. Asul 아술 (BC 1957-BC 1929)
  10. Noeul 노을 (BC 1929-BC 1906)
  11. Dohae 도해 (BC 1906-BC 1870)
  12. Ahan 아한 (BC 1870-BC 1843)
  13. Heuldal 흘달 (BC 1843-BC 1800)
  14. Gobul 고불 (BC 1800-BC 1771)
  15. Beoreum 벌음 (BC 1771-BC 1738)
  16. Wina 위나 (BC 1738-BC 1720)
  17. Yeoeul 여을 (BC 1720-BC 1657)
  18. Dongeom 동엄 (BC 1657-BC 1637)
  19. Gumoso 구모소 (BC 1637-BC 1612)
  20. Gohol 고홀 (BC 1612-BC 1601)
  21. Sotae 소태 (BC 1601-BC 1568)
  22. Saekbullu 색불루 (BC 1568-BC 1551)
  23. Amul 아물 (BC 1551-BC 1532)
  24. Yeonna 연나 (BC 1532-BC 1519)
  25. Solla 솔나 (BC 1519-BC 1503)
  26. Churo 추로 (BC 1503-BC 1494)
  27. Dumil 두밀 (BC 1494-BC 1449)
  28. Haemo 해모 (BC 1449-BC 1427)
  29. Mahyu 마휴 (BC 1427-BC 1418)
  30. Nahyu 내휴 (BC 1418-BC 1365)
  31. Deungol 등올 (BC 1365-BC 1359)
  32. Chumil 추밀 (BC 1359-BC 1351)
  33. Gammul 감물 (BC 1351-BC 1342)
  34. Orumun 오루문 (BC 1342-BC 1322)
  35. Sabeol 사벌 (BC 1322-BC 1311)
  36. Maereuk 매륵 (BC 1311-BC 1293)
  37. Mamul 마물 (BC 1293-BC 1285)
  38. Damul 다물 (BC 1285-BC 1266)
  39. Duhol 두홀 (BC 1266-BC 1238)
  40. Dareum 달음 (BC 1238-BC 1224)
  41. Eumcha 음차 (BC 1224-BC 1205)
  42. Euruji 을우지 BC 1205-BC 1196)
  43. Mulli 물리 (BC 1196-BC 1181)
  44. Guhol 구홀 (BC 1181-BC 1174)
  45. Yeoru 여루 (BC 1174-BC 1169)
  46. Boeul 보을 (BC 1169-BC 1158)
  47. Goyeolga 고열가 (BC 1158-BC 1128)

[edit] Gija-Joseon (Controversy)

Dangun Joseon was succeeded by Gija-Joseon. but that is debatable.[2].

  1. King Munseong of Gojoseon, Gija 문성대왕 (r. 1126 BC - 1082 BC)
  2. King Janghye of Gojoseon 장혜왕 (r. 1082 BC - 1057 BC)
  3. King Gyeonghyo of Gojoseon 경효왕 (r. 1057 BC - 1030 BC)
  4. King Gongjeong of Gojoseon 공정왕 (r. 1030 BC - 1000 BC)
  5. King Munmu of Gojoseon 문무왕 (r. 1000 BC - 972 BC)
  6. King Taewon of Gojoseon 태원왕 (r. 972 BC - 968 BC)
  7. King Gyeongchang of Gojoseon 경창왕 (r. 968 BC - 957 BC)
  8. King Heungpyeong of Gojoseon 흥평왕 (r. 957 BC - 943 BC)
  9. King Cheorwi of Gojoseon 철위왕 (r. 943 BC - 925 BC)
  10. King Seonhye of Gojoseon 선혜왕 (r. 925 BC - 896 BC)
  11. King Uiyang of Gojoseon 의양왕 (r. 896 BC - 843 BC)
  12. King Munhye of Gojoseon 문혜왕 (r. 843 BC - 793 BC)
  13. King Seongdeok of Gojoseon 성덕왕 (r. 793 BC - 778 BC)
  14. King Dohoe of Gojoseon 도회왕 (r. 778 BC - 776 BC)
  15. King Munyeol of Gojoseon 문열왕 (r. 776 BC - 761 BC)
  16. King Changguk of Gojoseon 창국왕 (r. 761 BC - 748 BC)
  17. King Museong of Gojoseon 무성왕 (r. 748 BC - 722 BC)
  18. King Jeonggyeong of Gojoseon 정경왕 (r. 722 BC - 703 BC)
  19. King Nakseong of Gojoseon 낙성왕 (r. 722 BC - 703 BC)
  20. King Hyojong of Gojoseon 효종왕 (r. 722 BC - 703 BC)
  21. King Cheonhyo of Gojoseon 천효왕 (r. 658 BC - 634 BC)
  22. King Sudo of Gojoseon 수도왕 (r. 634 BC - 615 BC)
  23. King Hwiyang of Gojoseon 휘양왕 (r. 615 BC - 594 BC)
  24. King Bongil of Gojoseon 봉일왕 (r. 594 BC - 578 BC)
  25. King Deokchang of Gojoseon 덕창왕 (r. 578 BC - 560 BC)
  26. King Suseong of Gojoseon 수성왕 (r. 560 BC - 519 BC)
  27. King Yeonggeol of Gojoseon 영걸왕 (r. 519 BC - 503 BC)
  28. King Ilmin of Gojoseon 일민왕 (r. 503 BC - 486 BC)
  29. King Jese of Gojoseon 제세왕 (r. 486 BC - 465 BC)
  30. King Cheongguk of Gojoseon 청국왕 (r. 465 BC - 432 BC)
  31. King Doguk of Gojoseon 도국왕 (r. 432 BC - 413 BC)
  32. King Hyeokseong of Gojoseon 혁성왕 (r. 413 BC - 385 BC)
  33. King Hwara of Gojoseon 화라왕 (r. 413 BC - 385 BC)
  34. King Seolmun of Gojoseon 설문왕 (r. 369 BC - 361 BC)
  35. King Gyeongsun of Gojoseon 경순왕 (r. 361 BC - 342 BC)
  36. King Gadeok of Gojoseon 가덕왕 (r. 342 BC - 315 BC) 기후(箕詡)
  37. King Samhyo of Gojoseon 삼효왕 (r. 315 BC - 290 BC) 기욱(箕煜)
  38. King Hyeonmun of Gojoseon 현문왕 (r. 315 BC - 290 BC) 기석(箕釋)
  39. King Jangpyeong of Gojoseon 장평왕 (r. 251 BC - 232 BC) 기윤(箕潤)
  40. King Jongtong of Gojoseon 종통왕 (r. 232 BC - 220 BC) 기비(箕丕)
  41. King Ae of Gojoseon 애왕 (r. 220 BC - 195 BC) 기준(箕準)

[edit] Wiman-Joseon

earliest attested by contemporaneous records:

  1. Wiman of Gojoseon (Hangul: 위만 Hanja: 衛滿) (194 BCE - 161 BCE)
  2. Unknown (161 BCE - 129 BCE), son of Wiman.
  3. Ugeo of Gojoseon (Hangul: 우거왕 Hanja: 右渠王) (129BCE - 108 BCE), grandson of Wiman.


[edit] The Buyeo states

[edit] Bukbuyeo

Bukbuyeo(c.239 BC - 58 BC) ruled in modern-day Manchuria. The rulers continued to use the titles of Dangun[3]. Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). In 37 BC, Go Jumong, a great-grandson of Haemosu Dangun's second son, entered Jolbon Buyeo, which was Bukbuyeo under a changed state name. Jolbon's ruler, Go Museo, died with no sons and had declared Jumong as successor. Thus, Jumong rose to the throne of Bukbuyeo and changed the state's name to Goguryeo.

  1. Haemosu of Buyeo 해모수 (239 - 195 BC)
  2. Mosuri of Buyeo 모수리 (195 - 170 BC)
  3. Go Haesa of Buyeo 고해사 (170 - 121 BC)
  4. Go Uru of Buyeo 고우루 (121 - 86 BC)
  5. Go Dumak of Bukbuyeo 고두막 (108 - 60 BC)
  6. Go Museo of Bukbuyeo 고무서 (60 - 58 BC)
  7. Go Jumong of Bukbuyeo 고주몽 (37 BC - 19 BC (Goguryeo))

[edit] Dongbuyeo

(c.86 BCE–22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang ("King"). King Haeburu was the brother of Go Uru Dangun, and originally succeeded his brother to the Bukbuyeo throne but was chased to the east by the forces of the Han dynasty and the rising of Go Dumak, who was a descendant of Goyeolga Dangun, the last ruler of Gojoseon.

  1. King Hae Buru 해부루왕 解夫婁王 (86 - 48 BCE)
  2. King Geumwa 금와왕 金蛙王 (48 - 7 BCE)
  3. King Daeso 대소왕 帶素王 (7 BCE - 22 CE)

[edit] Samhan Confederacies

[edit] Jin Confederation

[edit] Mahan Confederation

  1. 기준 (箕準) or King Mugang* 무강왕 武康王 (or King Gang* 강왕 康王)
  2. 기감 (箕龕) or King An 안왕 安王
  3. 기식 (箕寔) or King Hye 혜왕 惠王
  4. 기무 (箕武) or King Myung 명왕 明王
  5. 기형 (箕亨) or King Hyo 효왕 孝王
  6. 기섭 (箕燮) or King Yang 양왕 襄王
  7. 기훈 (箕勳) or King Won 원왕 元王
  8. 기정 (箕貞) or King Gye 계왕 稽王
  9. 기학 (箕學)

[edit] Byeonhan Confederation

[edit] Jinhan Confederation

[edit] Three Kingdoms

[edit] Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1] The founder of Goguryeo was also considered the 7th Dangun of Bukbuyeo, as he succeeded the 6th Dangun Gomuseo to the throne of Jolbon Buyeo, which was Bukbuyeo under a different state name.

# Posthumous name[2] Hangul (Hanja) Personal names [3][4] Period of reign
Legendary line [5]
1 Dongmyeong 동명성왕 (東明聖王), 동명왕 (東明王) Jumong 주몽 (朱蒙), Chumo 추모 (鄒牟), Sanghae 상해 (象解) 37 BC-19 BC
2 Yuri 유리왕 (琉璃王), 유리명왕 (琉璃明王) Yuri 유리 (琉璃, 類利), Yuryu 유류 (孺留), Nuri 누리 (累利) 19 BC-18 AD
3 Daemusin 대무신왕 (大武神王), 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王) Muhyul 무휼 (無恤) 18-44
4 Minjung 민중왕 (閔中王) Saekju 색주 (色朱) 44-48
5 Mobon 모본왕 (慕本王) U 우 (憂), Aeru 애루 (愛婁), Mangnae 막래 (莫來) 48-53
Great Imperial line
6 Taejo 태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王), 국조왕 (國祖王) Gung 궁 (宮), Eosu 어수 (於漱) 53-146
7 Chadae 차대왕 (次大王) Suseong 수성 (遂成) 146-165
8 Sindae 신대왕 (新大王) Baekgo 백고 (伯固), Baekgu 백구 (伯句) 165-179
Hwando-Guknae line
9 Gogukcheon 고국천왕 (故國川王), 국양왕 (國襄王) Nammu 남무 (男武) 179-197
10 Sansang 산상대왕 山上大王 Jeong-u 정우 廷優, Wigung 위궁 位宮 197-227
11 Dongcheon 동천대왕 東川大王, 東襄大王 Uwigeo 우위거 憂位居, Gyoche 교체 郊彘 227-248
12 Jungcheon 중천대왕 中川大王, 中襄大王 Yeonbul 연불 然弗 248-270
13 Seocheon 서천대왕 西川大王, 西襄大王 Yangno 약로 藥盧, Yagu 약우 若友 270-292
14 Bongsang 봉상대왕 烽上大王, 鴙葛大王 Sangbu 상부 相夫, Sapsiru 삽시루 插矢婁 292-300
15 Micheon 미천대왕 美川大王, 好攘大王 Eulbul 을불 乙弗, Ubul 우불 憂拂 300-331
16 Gogugwon 고국원대왕 故國原大王 Sayu 사유 斯由, Yu 유 劉, Soe 쇠 釗 331-371
17 Sosurim 소수림대왕 小獸林大王 Gubu 구부 丘夫 371-384
18 Gogugyang 고국양대왕 故國攘大王 Yiryeon 이련 伊連, Eojiji 어지지 於只支 384-391
19 Gwanggaeto the Great 국강상광개토경평안호태왕 國彊上廣開土境平安好太王 Damdeok 담덕 談德, An 안 安 391-413
Pyongyang line
20 Jangsu 장수태왕 長壽太王 Georyeon 거련 巨連, Goryeon 고련 高璉 413-490
21 Munjamyeong 문자명태왕 文咨明太王 Na-un 나운 羅雲, Go-un 고운 高雲 491-519
22 Anjang 안장태왕 安藏太王 Heung-an 흥안 興安, Go-an 고안 高安 519-531
23 Anwon 안원태왕 安原太王 Bojeong 보정 寶廷, Gojeong 고정 高廷 531-545
24 Yangwon 양원태왕 陽原太王, 陽崗上好太王 Pyeongseong 평성 平成 545-559
25 Pyeongwon 평원태왕 平原太王 Yangseong 양성 陽成, Tang 탕 湯, Goyang 고양 高陽 559-590
26 Yeongyang 영양태왕 嬰陽太王, 평양태왕 平陽太王 Go Won 고원 高元, Daewon 대원 大元 590-618
27 Yeongnyu 영류태왕 營留太王 Go Geonmu 고건무 高建武, Seong 성 成, Gomu 고무 高武 618-642
28 Bojang 보장태왕 寶藏太王 Go Jang 고장 高藏, Bojang 보장 寶藏 642-668

Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperior," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇帝, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, written centuries after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title "Wang", meaning King.

[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.

[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records, mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."

[5] The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong (Zhūméng}, 閭達 Lǘdá, 始閭諧 Shǐlǘxié, 如栗 Rúlí, and 莫來 Mòlái. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when Emperor Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contacts with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connection between those names is not clear.

Sources: http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) and http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)


[edit] Lesser Goguryeo

[edit] Bodeok (Goguryeo-Guk)

  1. Anseung (670-683) 고안승 (高安勝)

[edit] Baekje

Baekje (18 BC - AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

# Temple name Hangul Hanja Period of reign Personal name Relationship Note
1 Onjo 온조왕 溫祚王 October 18 BCE - February 29 CE Onjo (溫祚) founder son of Goguryeo's founder Jumong
2 Daru 다루왕 多婁王 February 29 - September 77 CE first son of Onjo
3 Giru 기루왕 己婁王 September 77 - November 128 CE first son of Daru
4 Gaeru 개루왕 蓋婁王 November 128 - ? 166 CE son of Giru
5 Chogo 초고왕 肖古王 ? 166 - October 214 CE son of Gaeru also Sogo (소고왕, 素古王)
6 Gusu 구수왕 仇首王 October 214 - ? 234 CE first son of Chogo also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴須王)
7 Saban 사반왕 沙伴王 234 CE first son of Gusu also Sai (사이왕, 沙伊王)
8 Goi 고이왕 古爾王 ? 234 - November 286 CE second son of Gaeru also Gui (구이군, 久爾君)
9 Chaekgye 책계왕 責稽王 November 286 - September 298 CE son of Goi also Cheonggye (청계왕, 靑稽王)
10 Bunseo 분서왕 汾西王 September 298 - October 304 CE first son of Chaekgye
11 Biryu 비류왕 比流王 November 304 - October 344 CE second son of Gusu
12 Gye 계왕 契王 October 344 - September 346 CE first son of Bunseo
13 Geunchogo 근초고왕 近肖古王 September 346 - November 375 CE second son of Biryu also Chogo (초고왕, 肖古王) or Sokgo (속고왕, 速古王)
14 Geun-gusu 근구수왕 近仇首王 November 375 - April 384 CE son of Geunchogo also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴首王)
15 Chimnyu 침류왕 枕流王 April 384 - November 385 CE first son of Geungusu
16 Jinsa 진사왕 辰斯王 November 385 - November 392 CE younger brother of Chimnyu also Buyeohui (부여휘, 扶餘暉)
17 Asin 아신왕 阿莘王 November 392 - September 405 CE cousin of Jinsa; first son of Chimnyu also Aha (아화왕, 阿花王)
18 Jeonji 전지왕 腆支王 September 405 - March 420 CE first son of Asin also Jikji (직지왕, 直支王) or Jinji (진지왕, 眞支王)
19 Gu-isin 구이신왕 久爾辛王 March 420 - December 427 CE first son of Jeonji
20 Biyu 비유왕 毗有王 December 427 - September 454CE first son of Guisin also Yeobi (여비, 餘毗)
21 Gaero 개로왕 蓋鹵王 September 454 - September 475 CE Gyeongsa (경사, 慶司) or Gyeong (경, 慶) first son of Biyu also Yeogyeong (여경, 餘慶)
22 Munju 문주왕 文周王 September 475 - September 477 CE Modo (모도, 牟都) or Do (도, 都) son of Gaero
23 Samgeun 삼근왕 三斤王 September 477 - November 479 CE Samgeun (삼근, 三斤), Imgeol (임걸, 壬乞) or Samgeol (삼걸, 三乞) first son of Munju also Mun-geun (문근왕, 文斤王)
24 Dongseong 동성왕 東城王 November 479 - November 501 CE Modae (모대, 牟大) or Mamo (마모, 摩牟) cousin of Samgeum
25 Muryeong 무령왕 武寧王 November 501 - May 523 CE Sama (사마, 斯麻 or 斯摩) or Yung (융, 隆) second son of Dongseong also Sama (사마왕, 斯麻王), Do (도왕, 嶋王), or Horyeong (호령왕, 虎寧王)
26 Seong 성왕 聖王 May 523 - August 554 CE Myeong (명, 明) son of Muryeong also Myeong (명왕, 明王) or Seongmyeong (성명왕, 聖明王)
27 Wideok 위덕왕 威德王 August 554 - December 598 CE Chang (창, 昌) first son of Seong also Chang (창왕, 昌王)
28 Hye 혜왕 惠王 December 598 - December 599 CE Gye (계, 季) second son of Seong also Heon (헌왕, 獻王)
29 Beop 법왕 法王 December 599 - May 600 CE Seon (선, 宣) or Hyosun (효순, 孝順) first son of Hye
30 Mu 무왕 武王 May 600 - March 641 CE personal name Jang (장, 璋) or Seodong or Suhdeong (서동, 薯童) the 4th youngest son of Wideok also Mugang (무강왕, 武康王) or Mugwang (무광왕,武廣王)
31 Uija 의자왕 義慈王 March 641 - August 660 first son of Mu
  • Source: [1]
  • Source: 500 years of Baekje Royalty by Song Chang-guk gyelim press, pages 318- 319 ( 2001)

[edit] Silla

Silla (57 BC - 935 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, Taewang, Daewang and Yeowang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

  1. Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 혁거세거서간 (57 BC–4 AD)
  2. Namhae Chachaung 남해차차웅 (4–24)
  3. Yuri Yisageum (24–57) 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
  4. Talhae Isageum 탈해 이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
  5. Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
  6. Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祗摩尼師今 (112–134)
  7. Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
  8. Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
  9. Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
  10. Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
  11. Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
  12. Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
  13. Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
  14. Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
  15. Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
  16. Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
  17. Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
  18. Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
  19. Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祗麻立干 (417–458)
  20. Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
  21. Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤智麻立干 (479–500)
  22. King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
  23. King Beopheung the Great 법흥태왕 法興太王 (514–540) ("King Beopheung the Great" is a translation of Beopheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
  24. King Jinheung the Great 진흥태왕 真興太王 (540–576) ("King Jinheung the Great" is a translation of Jinheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
  25. King Jinji 진지왕 真智王 (576–579)
  26. King Jinpyeong 진평왕 真平王 (579–632)
  27. Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德女王 (632–647) (Queens Seondeok and Jindeok bore the title Yeowang, meaning "queen")
  28. Queen Jindeok 진덕여왕 真德女王 (647–654)
  29. King Muyeol 무열왕 武烈王 (654–661)

[edit] Gaya confederacy

Gaya confederacy (42 - 532) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

[edit] Geumgwan Gaya

This list is of the Kim Dynasty of Geumgwan Gaya (42-532).

# Temple name Hangul Hanja Period of reign
1 Suro of Geumgwan Gaya 수로왕 首露王 (42-199)
2 Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya 거등왕 居登王 (199-259)
3 Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya 마품왕 麻品王 (259-291)
4 Geojilmi of Geumgwan Gaya 거질미왕 居叱彌王 (291-346)
5 Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya 이시품왕 伊尸品王 (346-407)
6 Jwaji of Geumgwan Gaya 좌지왕 坐知王 (407-421)
7 Chwihui of Geumgwan Gaya 취희왕 吹希王 (421-451)
8 Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya 질지왕 銍知王 (451-492)
9 Gyeomji of Geumgwan Gaya 겸지왕 鉗知王 (492-521)
10 Guhyeong of Geumgwan Gaya 구형왕 仇衡王 (521-532)

[edit] Daegaya

Only four of the sixteen kings of Daegaya (42 - 562) are known by name.

1. King Ijinashi of Daegaya 이진아시왕, also known as Naejinjuji 내진주지 or Noejiljuil 뇌질주일
9. King Inoe of Daegaya 이뇌왕, 8th generation descendant of Yi Jinashi
?. King Haji of Daegaya 하지왕, generation unknown; possibly also known as King Gasil [2]; sent emissary to 南齊 China in 479, joined Baekje to aid Silla from Goguryeo attack in 481 [3] [4]
16. King Doseolji of Daegaya 도설지왕, submitted to Silla

[edit] North-South States

[edit] Unified Silla

  1. King Munmu 문무왕 文武王 (661–681)
  2. King Sinmun 신문왕 神文王 (681–691)
  3. King Hyoso 효소왕 孝昭王 (692–702)
  4. King Seongdeok the Great 성덕왕 聖德王 (702–737)
  5. King Hyoseong 효성왕 孝成王 (737–742)
  6. King Gyeongdeok 경덕왕 景德王 (742–765)
  7. King Hyegong 혜공왕 惠恭王 (765–780)
  8. King Seondeok 선덕왕 宣德王 (780–785)
  9. King Wonseong 원성왕 元聖王 (785–798)
  10. King Soseong 소성왕 昭聖王 (798–800)
  11. King Aejang 애장왕 哀莊王 (800–809)
  12. King Heondeok 헌덕왕 憲德王 (809-826)
  13. King Heungdeok 흥덕왕 興德王 (826–836)
  14. King Huigang 희강왕 僖康王 (836–838)
  15. King Minae 민애왕 閔哀王 (838–839)
  16. King Sinmu 신무왕 神武王 (839)
  17. King Munseong 문성왕 文聖王 (839–857)
  18. King Heonan 헌안왕 憲安王 (857–861)
  19. King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景文王 (861–875)
  20. King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康王 (875–886)
  21. King Jeonggang 정강왕 定康王 (886–887)
  22. Queen Jinseong 진성여왕 真聖女王 (887–897) (Queen Jinseong bore the Korean title Yeowang, which means "queen")
  23. King Hyogong 효공왕 孝恭王 (897–912)
  24. King Sindeok 신덕왕 神德王 (913–917)
  25. King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景明王 (917–924)
  26. King Gyeongae 경애왕 景哀王 (924–927)
  27. King Gyeongsun 경순왕 敬順王 (927–935)

[edit] Balhae

Balhae (669-926) followed Goguryeo in the northern territories when Silla unified half of the Korean peninsula. The founder called the state Jin, claiming to be the successor to Goguryeo, but it became known as Balhae (Bohai in Chinese) after establishing relations with China. The rulers used the title Daewang ("king") and had the temple name of either -jo or -jong, though there were exceptions for deposed rulers.

# Posthumous name (諡號) Hangul/Hanja Personal name Hangul/Hanja Period of reign Era name (年號)
0 Sejo 세조 Dae Jung-sang 대중상 大祚榮 668-699 -
1 Go 고왕 高王 Dae Joyeong 대조영 大祚榮 699-718 Cheontong 천통 天統
2 Mu 무왕 武王 Dae Muye 대무예 大武藝 718-737 Inan 인안 仁安
3 Mun 문왕 文王 Dae Heummu 대흠무 大欽茂 737-793 Daeheung 대흥 大興 (Boryeok 보력 寶曆 774-?)
4 None 원의 元義 Dae Won-ui 대원의 大元義 793-794 none
5 Seong 성왕 成王 Dae Hwa-yeo 대화여 大華與 794 Jungheung 중흥 中興
6 Gang 강왕 康王 Dae Sung-rin 대숭린 大嵩璘 794-808 Jeongryeok 정력 正曆
7 Jeong 정왕 定王 Dae Won-yu 대원유 大元瑜 808-812 Yeongdeok 영덕 永德
8 Hui 희왕 僖王 Dae Eon-ui 대언의 大言義 812-817? Jujak 주작 朱雀
9 Gan 간왕 簡王 Dae Myeongchung 대명충 大明忠 817?-818? Taesi 태시 太始
10 Seon 선왕 宣王 Dae Insu 대인수 大仁秀 818?-830 Geonheung 건흥 建興
11 Unknown [5] Dae Ijin 대이진 大彝震 830-857 Hamhwa 함화 咸和
12 Unknown [6] Dae Geonhwang 대건황 大虔晃 857-871
13 Gyeong 경왕 景王 Dae Hyeonseok 대현석 大玄錫 871-895
14 None Dae Wihae 대위해 大瑋瑎 895-906
15 Ae 애왕 哀王 Dae Inseon 대인선 大諲譔 906-926

Source:

[edit] Later Balhae

[edit] Jeongan Kingdom

[edit] Je

The State of Je (765 - 819) was a successor-state of Goguryeo, and was founded by Yi Jeonggi, who was the son of a Goguryeo captive in the Tang Empire. Yi Jeonggi gathered a massive army that consisted of both Goguryeo and Baekje people. In 765, Yi rebelled and established the Je kingdom, and declared himself the "Emperor of Je." Yi conquered 15 prefectures of Tang Empire, and gathered the people of Goguryeo and Baekje into one cause and nation. The State of Je attacked the Tang capital of Changan several times before falling to the Tang-Silla Alliance in 819.

  1. Yi Jeonggi (Hangul : 이정기 Hanja/Hanzi :李正己/李定己) 765CE - 781CE
  2. Yi Nab (Hangul : 이납 Hanja/Hanzi :李納) 781CE - 793 CE
  3. Yi Sago (Hangul : 이사고 Hanja/Hanzi :李師古) 793CE - 807CE
  4. Yi Sado (Hangul : 이사도 Hanja/Hanzi :李師道) 807CE - 819 CE


[edit] Later Three Kingdoms

[edit] Later Goguryeo

  1. Gung Ye (901-918) 궁예 (弓裔)

[edit] Later Baekje

  1. Gyeon Hwon (900-935) 견훤 (甄萱)
  2. Gyeon Singeom (935-936) 견신검 (甄神劍)

[edit] Goryeo

Goryeo (918-1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first king had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively.

The next twenty-three emperors (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available

  1. Emperor Taejo 태조 (918–943) 왕건(王建)
  2. Emperor Hyejong 혜종 (943–945) 왕무(王武)
  3. Emperor Jeongjong 정종 (945–949) 왕요(王堯)
  4. Emperor Gwangjong 광종 (949–975) 왕소(王昭)
  5. Emperor Gyeongjong 경종 (975–981) 왕유(王伷)
  6. Emperor Seongjong 성종 (981–997) 왕치(王治)
  7. Emperor Mokjong 목종 (997–1009) 왕송(王誦)
  8. Emperor Hyeonjong 현종 (1009–1031) 왕순(王詢)
  9. Emperor Deokjong 덕종 (1031–1034) 왕흠(王欽)
  10. Emperor Jeongjong 정종 (1034–1046) 왕형(王亨)
  11. Emperor Munjong 문종 (1046–1083) 왕휘(王徽)
  12. Emperor Sunjong 순종 (1083) 왕훈(王勳)
  13. Emperor Seonjong 선종 (1083–1094) 왕운(王運)
  14. Emperor Heonjong 헌종 (1094–1095) 왕욱(王昱)
  15. Emperor Sukjong 숙종 (1095–1105) 왕희(王熙)
  16. Emperor Yejong 예종 (1105–1122) 왕우(王俁)
  17. Emperor Injong 인종 (1122–1146) 왕해(王楷)
  18. Emperor Uijong 의종 (1146–1170) 왕현(王晛)
  19. Emperor Myeongjong 명종 (1170–1197) 왕호(王皓)
  20. Emperor Sinjong 신종 (1197–1204) 왕탁(王晫)
  21. Emperor Huijong 희종 (1204–1211) 왕영(王韺)
  22. Emperor Gangjong 강종 (1211–1213) 왕정(王貞)
  23. Emperor Gojong 고종 (1213–1259) 왕철(王澈)
  24. Emperor Wonjong 원종 (1259–1274) 왕식(王倎)
  25. King Chungnyeol 충렬왕 (1274–1308) (Chungnyeol was the first king of Goryeo to bear the title Wang, which means "King") 왕거(王椹)
  26. King Chungseon 충선왕 (1308–1313) 왕장(王璋)
  27. King Chungsuk 충숙왕 (1313–1330; 1332–1339) 왕만(王燾)
  28. King Chunghye 충혜왕 (1330–1332; 1339–1344) 왕정(王禎)
  29. King Chungmok 충목왕 (1344–1348) 왕흔(王昕)
  30. King Chungjeong 충정왕 (1348–1351) 왕저(王蚳)
  31. King Gongmin 공민왕 (1351–1374) 왕전(王祺)
  32. King U 왕우(王禑) (1374–1388)
  33. King Chang 왕창(王昌) (1388–1389)
  34. King Gongyang 공양왕 (1389–1392) 왕요(王瑤)

[edit] Joseon

Joseon (1391–1897) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

  1. King Taejo 태조 (1392–1398)
  2. King Jeongjong 정종 (1398–1400)
  3. King Taejong 태종 (1400–1418)
  4. King Sejong the Great 세종 (1418–1450)
  5. King Munjong 문종 (1450–1452)
  6. King Danjong 단종 (1452–1455)
  7. King Sejo 세조 (1455–1468)
  8. King Yejong 예종 (1468–1469)
  9. King Seongjong 성종 (1469–1494)
  10. Yeonsangun 연산군 (1494–1506)
  11. King Jungjong 중종 (1506–1544)
  12. King Injong 인종 (1544–1545)
  13. King Myeongjong 명종 (1545–1567)
  14. King Seonjo 선조 (1567–1608)
  15. Gwanghaegun 광해군 (1608–1623)
  16. King Injo 인조 (1623–1649)
  17. King Hyojong 효종 (1649–1659)
  18. King Hyeonjong 현종 (1659–1674)
  19. King Sukjong 숙종 (1674–1720)
  20. King Gyeongjong 경종 (1720–1724)
  21. King Yeongjo 영조 (1724–1776)
  22. King Jeongjo 정조 (1776–1800)
  23. King Sunjo 순조 (1800–1834)
  24. King Heonjong 헌종 (1834–1849)
  25. King Cheoljong 철종 (1849–1863)
  26. Emperor Gojong 고종 (1863–1907: (see Korean Empire section)
  27. Emperor Sunjong 순종 (1907–1910)

[edit] Korean Empire

The Korean Empire (1897-1919) was declared to indicate the end of the tributary relationship with China. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

Temple name Personal name Period of reign Era name/Posthumous name
Gojong 고종 Yi Myeongbok 이명복 1863-1907 Gwangmu 광무 光武
Sunjong 순종 Yi Cheok 이척 1907-1910 Yunghui 융희 隆熙

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Cumings (1997, p. 25) only indicates that Gojoseon was among the small peninsular states which emerged "by the fourth century BC." Lee (1984, p. 13) also only mentions Gojoseon as having emerged in the Liao and Taedong valleys by the 4th century. Some, like Kim (1997) do regard "Dangun Joseon" as having possibly existed during the Neolithic period, i.e. before the 13th century BCE; however, by the same token they reject the possibility that Gojoseon can be regarded as a "state" or even "tribal confederation" in the modern sense. Professor Yoon says that the Gojoseon had become an ancient nation at 2333 BCE(Yoon, 2002), which is most recent research
  2. ^ 김황, Daedong Sagang(대동사강, 大東史綱), 대동사강사, 경성 (1929)
  3. ^ 백산 학회, 고조선 부여사 연구

[edit] References

  • Yoon, N.-H.(윤내현), The Location and Transfer of GO-CHOSUN's Capital(고조선의 도읍 위치와 그 이동), 단군학연구, 7, 207 - 238 (2002)
  • Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed.. ISBN 89-445-9101-6. 
  • Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5. 
  • Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states", Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym, 27-36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6. 
  • Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6. 
  • http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
  • http://www.rulers.org
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