List of leaders of Afghanistan

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History of Afghanistan series.

Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan

Islamic conquest of Afghanistan

Hotaki dynasty

Durrani Empire

European influence in Afghanistan

Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war

Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah

Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

History of Afghanistan since 1992

Cultural Timeline

• 4000 to 1000 Prehistoric - Median Kingdom (First & second wave of Aryan Migration)
• 521 to 485 Reign and Conquest of Darius I divides the region into Gandhara and Bactria
• 500 to 250 Achaemenid Dynasty, Alexanderian, Seleuicid and Maurya dynasties.
• 250 to 130 BC Bactrian Kingdom
• 130 to 144 Parthians
• 200 to 600 Sassanid Dynasty, Small Kushan Dynasty, Ephthalite
• 600 to 663 Arab Domination of Balkh
• 814 to 1006 Taharid, Saffarid, Samanid, and Ghaznavid Dynasties
• 1100 to 1200 Ghori Dynasty
• 1200 to 1300 Mongul Empire - Il-Khanid Kingdom
• 1370 to 1404 Timurid Dynasty
• 1520 to 1721 Safavid Dynasty
• 1722 to 1729 Mir Wais Hotaki- Afghan Domination in Persia
• 1729 to 1747 Afsharid Dynasty
• 1748 to 1973 Durrani and Barakzai Dynasties

Contents 1 The First Afghan State in Qandahar (1709-1729) 2 Turkmen Rule 3 The Emirate of Afghanistan (1747-1926) 3.1 Durrani Dynasty (1747-1818) 3.2 Barakzai Dynasty (1818-1839) 3.3 Durrani Dynasty (restored, 1839-1842) 3.4 Barakzai Dynasty (restored, 1842-1926) 4 The Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926-1973) 4.1 Barakzai Dynasty (1901-1929) 4.2 Illegitimate Emir (1929) 4.3 Barakzai Dynasty (restored, 1929-1973) 5 The 1st Republic of Afghanistan (1973-1978) 6 Military Dictatorship (1978) 7 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978-1987) 8 The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan (1987-1996) 9 The Taliban State (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, 1996-2001) 10 The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan (Restored, 2001) 11 Transitional State of Afghanistan (2001-2004) 12 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004-Present) 12.1 President 13 Prime Ministers of Afghanistan (1927-2001)

[edit] The First Afghan State in Qandahar (1709-1729)

• Mir Wais Khan Khotak (1709-1715)
• Mahmud Khan Khotak (1715-1725)
• Ashraf Khan (1725-October 1729)

[edit] Turkmen Rule

• 1729-1747

[edit] The Emirate of Afghanistan (1747-1926)

[edit] Durrani Dynasty (1747-1818)

• Padshah Ahmad Shah Durrani (October 1747-October 16 (23?) 1772)
• Emir Timur Shah (October 1772-1793)
• Emir Zaman Shah (1793-1801)
• Emir Mahmud Shah (1801-1803)
• Emir Shoja Shah (1803-1809)
• Emir Mahmud Shah (1809-1818)
• Emir Sultan Ali Shah (1818-1819)
• Emir Ayub Shah (1819-1823)

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty (1818-1839)

• Emir Dost Mohammad Khan (1818-August 1839)

[edit] Durrani Dynasty (restored, 1839-1842)

• Emir Shoja Shah (1839-April 1842)

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty (restored, 1842-1926)

• Emir Dost Mohammad Khan (December 1842 - June 9, 1863)
• Emir Sher Ali Khan (June 12, 1863 - May 5, 1866
• Emir Mohammad Afzal Khan (May 5, 1866 - October 7, 1867)
• Emir Sher Ali Khan (October 7, 1867 - February 21, 1879)
• Emir Mohammad Yaqub Khan (February 21, 1879 - October 28, 1879)
• Emir Abdur Rahman Khan (August 11, 1880 - October 3, 1901)
• Emir Habibullah Khan (October 3, 1901 - February 20, 1919)
• Emir Nasrullah Khan (February 21, 1919 - February 28, 1919)
• Emir Amanullah Khan (February 28, 1919 - June 9, 1926

[edit] The Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926-1973)

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty (1901-1929)

• King Amanullah Shah (June 9, 1926 - January 14, 1929)
• King Inayatullah Shah (January 14, 1929 - January 17, 1929)

[edit] Illegitimate Emir (1929)

• Emir Habibullah Ghazi (Batcha-e Saqqow) (January 17, 1929 - October 13, 1929)

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty (restored, 1929-1973)

• King Mohammed Nadir Shah (October 17, 1929 - November 8, 1933)
• King Mohammed Zahir Shah (November 8, 1933 - July 17, 1973)

[edit] The 1st Republic of Afghanistan (1973-1978)

• Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan (July 17, 1973 - April 27, 1978) (killed in coup d'état) - president

[edit] Military Dictatorship (1978)

• General Abdul Qadir (April 27, 1978 - April 30, 1978) - Chairman of The Military Council

[edit] Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978-1987)

Communist Presidents of The Revolutionary Council

• Nur Mohammad Taraki (April 30, 1978 - September 16, 1979)
• Hafizullah Amin (September 16, 1979 - December 27, 1979)
• Babrak Karmal (December 27, 1979 - November 24, 1986) (also Party General Secretary December 27, 1979 - May 4, 1986)
• Haji Mohammad Chamkani (November 24, 1986 - September 30, 1987)
• Mohammad Najibullah (September 30, 1987 - November 30, 1987) (also Party General Secretary May 4, 1986 - June, 1990)

[edit] The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan (1987-1996)

Presidents

• Mohammad Najibullah (November 30, 1987 - April 16, 1992)
• Abdul Rahim Hatif (April 16, 1992 - April 28, 1992)
• Sibghatullah Mojaddedi (April 28, 1992 - June 28, 1992)
• Burhanuddin Rabbani (June 28, 1992 - September 27, 1996), continued to claim presidency in exile with international recognition, until 2001.

[edit] The Taliban State (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, 1996-2001)

Head of State (Amir-UL-Momineen)Leader of The Faitfuls

• Mullah Mohammad Omar Mujahid (September 27, 1996 - November 13, 2001), Spiritual leader of ruling Taliban

Heads of the Taliban Supreme Council

• Mullah Mohammad Rabbani (September 27, 1996 - April 16, 2001)
• Mawlawi Abdul Kabir (April 16, 2001 - November 13, 2001)

[edit] The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan (Restored, 2001)

• President Burhanuddin Rabbani (November 13, 2001 to December 22, 2001), restored

[edit] Transitional State of Afghanistan (2001-2004)

• Hamid Karzai (December 22, 2001 to December 7, 2004) interim leader and chairman of the Afghan Transitional Authority

[edit] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004-Present)

[edit] President

• Hamid Karzai - (December 7, 2004-) the duly-elected president

[edit] Prime Ministers of Afghanistan (1927-2001)

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Tenure	Incumbent	Affiliation	Notes
25 October 1927 to January 1929	Sardar Shir Ahmad, Padshah-i Afghanistan
January 1929 to 1 November 1929	Shir Giyan, Padshah-i Afghanistan
14 November 1929 to 1937	Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, Padshah-i Afghanistan
1937 to May 1946	Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, De Afghanistan Bacha		Pashto made official language of Afghanistan
May 1946 to 7 September 1953	Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan
7 September 1953 to 10 March 1963	Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan
10 March 1963 to 2 November 1965	Mohammad Yusuf
2 November 1965 to 11 October 1967	Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
11 October 1967 to 1 November 1967	Abdullah Yaqta, interim Prime Minister
1 November 1967 to 9 June 1971	Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi
9 June 1971 to 12 December 1972	Abdul Zahir
12 December 1972 to 17 July 1973	Mohammad Musa Shafiq
1 May 1978 to 27 March 1979	Nur Mohammad Taraki	Khalq
27 March 1979 to 27 December 1979	Hafizullah Amin	Khalq
27 December 1979 to 11 June 1981	Babrak Karmal	Parcham
11 June 1981 to 26 May 1988	Sultan Ali Keshtmand		1st Term
26 May 1988 to 21 February 1989	Mohammad Hassan Sharq	Parcham
21 February 1989 to 8 May 1990	Sultan Ali Keshtmand	Parcham	2nd Term
8 May 1990 to 15 April 1992	Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
6 July 1992 to 15 August 1992	Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani
17 June 1993 to 28 June 1994	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar		1st Term
November 1994 to 1995	Arsala Rahmani, acting Prime Minister
1995 to 26 June 1996	Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai, acting Prime Minister
26 June 1996 to 27 September 1996	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar		2nd Term
27 September 1996 to 11 August 1997	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar		Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
11 August 1997 to 21 August 1997	Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai		Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
August 1997 to 2001	Abdul Ghafoor Rawan Farhadi		Under Burhanuddin Rabbani

See also: List of Afghan Transitional Administration personnel, History of Afghanistan