List of introduced species

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A complete List of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. The following list of introduced species, in other words, is hopelessly incomplete.

Contents 1 Australia 2 Great Britain 2.1 Mammals 2.2 Birds 2.3 Fish 2.4 Amphibians 2.5 Reptiles 2.6 Crustaceans 2.7 Insects 2.7.1 Butterflies and moths 2.7.2 Ants 2.8 Plants 3 Hawaiian Islands 3.1 Birds 4 New Zealand 4.1 Mammals 4.2 Birds 4.3 Fish 4.4 Insects 4.5 Plants 5 North America 5.1 Mammals 5.2 Birds 5.3 Reptiles 5.4 Fish 5.5 Crustaceans 5.6 Mollusks 5.7 Insects 5.8 Plants 6 South America 6.1 Fish 7 Continental Europe 7.1 Mammals 7.2 Birds 8 References

[edit] Australia

• Blackbird from Europe
• Rabbit from Europe
• Red fox from Europe
• Brown hare
• Common starling
• Mallard
• Nutmeg mannikin
• Cane toad
• Brown trout
• Mosquitofish
• Western honeybee
• Allamanda - Allamanda cathartica from South America
• Dromedary
• Red imported fire ant from South America via North America
• Patterson's Curse
• Deer from Europe
• Water Buffalo from Asia

[edit] Great Britain

[edit] Mammals

• Brown Rat
• Black Rat
• House Mouse
• Grey squirrel from North America
• Edible dormouse from Europe
• Coypu from South America (subsequently eradicated)
• Rabbit from continental Europe
• American mink
• Red-necked wallaby from Australia
• Feral goat
• Reeves's Muntjac deer from China
• Fallow deer from continental Europe
• Sika deer from Asia
• Chinese water deer from China

[edit] Birds

• Ruddy Duck from America
• Mandarin Duck from Asia
• Little Owl from mainland Europe
• Rose-ringed Parakeet from Asia
• Red-legged Partridge
• Golden Pheasant from Asia
• Lady Amherst's Pheasant
• Common Pheasant
• Canada Goose

[edit] Fish

• Zander
• Wels catfish
• Rainbow trout
• Orfe
• Grass carp
• Bitterling

[edit] Amphibians

• Alpine Newt
• Midwife Toad
• Yellow-bellied Toad
• Marsh Frog
• Edible Frog
• American bullfrog (not established)

[edit] Reptiles

• European pond terrapin
• Wall lizard

[edit] Crustaceans

• Signal crayfish
• Chinese mitten crab
• Darwin's barnacle

[edit] Insects

[edit] Butterflies and moths

• Large Chequered Skipper butterfly from continental Europe to Channel Islands (subsequently lost)
• Large Copper butterfly Lycaena dispar rutilus from Continental Europe (subsequently lost)
• Large Copper butterfly Lycaena dispar batavus from The Netherlands (subsequently lost, but reintroduction research ongoing)
• Large Blue butterfly from Sweden
• Geranium Bronze butterfly from South Africa via Southern Europe on geranium (not established)
• Map butterfly (subsequently eradicated)
• Psychoides filicivora moth from the Far East
• Caloptilia azaleella moth from East Asia
• Argyresthia cupressella moth from United States
• Parocystola acroxantha moth from Australia
• Athrips rancidella moth from United States
• Coleotechnites piceaella moth from United States
• Light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana from Australia
• Adoxophyles orana moth

[edit] Ants

• Pharaoh ant from United States
• List non-endemic ant species introduced to the British Isles

[edit] Plants

• Japanese knotweed
• Rhododendron
• Oxford ragwort
• Hottentot fig
• Fox and cubs
• Jewelweed
• Giant Hogweed
• Willow herb
• Evening primrose
• Water fern
• Autumnal crocus
• Pigmy weed
• Least duckweed
• Canadian Pond Weed
• Bermuda buttercup
• Guernsey fleabane
• Rhododendron floating pennywort
• Purple dewplant
• Himalayan Balsam
• Field speedwell
• Purple pitcher

[edit] Hawaiian Islands

See also Canoe Plants

[edit] Birds

• see List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands

[edit] New Zealand

See also: Invasive species in New Zealand

[edit] Mammals

• Common Brushtail Possum from Australia
• Cat from Europe
• Deer:
  • Elk (Wapiti) from USA
  • Red Deer from Europe
  • Sika deer from Asia
• Dog from Pacific islands and Europe
• Donkeys: the Ponui donkey from Europe
• Cattle from Europe
• Horse from Europe
• Hedgehog from Europe
• Ferret from Europe
• Goat from Europe
• Hare from Europe
• Himalayan tahr from Himalaya
• Moose from Canada
• Pig
• Rabbit from Europe
• Rats:
  • Brown rat and Black rat from Europe
  • Pacific rat (kiore) from Pacific islands
• Sheep from Europe
• Stoat from Europe
• Wallabies: Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby and others from Australia
• Weasel from Europe

[edit] Birds

• Blackbird from Europe
• Dunnock (Hedge sparrow or hedge accentor) from Europe
• Magpie from Australia
• Mallard
• Common myna from India
• Starling from Europe
• Common pheasant from Asia
• Quail

[edit] Fish

• Brown trout
• Salmon
• Catfish
• Grass carp

[edit] Insects

• Monarch butterfly from USA
• Common housefly from Europe
• Honey bee from Europe

[edit] Plants

Up to 26,000 plants have been introduced into New Zealand. This list is a few of the more common and more invasive species.

• Gorse from Scotland
• Broom
• Blackberry
• Lupin
• Ragwort
• Scotch thistle
• Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense)
• Mistflower
• Kahili ginger (Zingiber officinale)
• Japanese honeysuckle
• Old man's beard

[edit] North America

[edit] Mammals

• Ass aka Donkey from Africa
• Cattle from Europe
• Sheep from Asia
• Cat from Africa/Europe
• Norway Rat from Europe
• Swine from Europe
• Goat from Africa
• Guinea Pig from South America
• Horse from Europe
• Nutria or coypu from South America
• Nilgai from India
• Hedgehogs from Europe via New Zealand
• Sika deer from Asia
• Various exotic animals kept as pets, e.g., chinchillas or dwarf hamsters
• Possums

[edit] Birds

• Chukar from Europe
• Eurasian Collared-Dove from Europe
• Eurasian Tree Sparrow from Europe
• European Starling from Europe
• Gray Partridge from Europe
• Himalayan Snowcock from Asia
• House Sparrow from Europe
• Monk Parakeet from South America
• Muscovy Duck
• Mute Swan from Europe
• Ring-necked Pheasant from Asia and Europe
• Rock Dove from Europe

[edit] Reptiles

• Brown Anole
• Green Iguana
• Wall lizard from Italy in the 1950s

[edit] Fish

• Round goby from Eurasia
• Eurasian ruffe from Eurasia
• Common carp from Europe
• Cherry barb from Sri Lanka
• Bighead carp from China
• Silver carp from Asia
• Sea lamprey, introduced into the Great Lakes through the Welland canal c.1921
• Snakehead from China
• Tubenose goby from Europe

[edit] Crustaceans

• European green crab from Atlantic coasts of Europe, northern Africa, from Norway to the British Isles south to Mauritania
• Chinese mitten crab from the coastal rivers and estuaries of the Yellow Sea
• Japanese shore crab from Japan
• Spiny waterflea from northern Europe and western Russia
• Fishhook waterflea from the Ponto-Caspian region
• Mud shrimp from Europe

[edit] Mollusks

• Common periwinkle from Europe
• Chinese mystery snail from Asia
• Zebra mussel from the Caspian and Black Seas
• Veined rapa whelk from the Sea of Japan

[edit] Insects

• Asian gypsy moth from Siberia
• Asian long-horned beetle
• Asian Tiger Mosquito
• Balsam woolly adelgid
• Beech scale
• Birch leafminer
• Brown spruce longhorn beetle from Europe
• Cabbage White (=Small White) butterfly from Europe
• European elm bark beetle
• European pine sawfly
• European pine shoot moth
• European spruce sawfly
• Formosan subterranean termite
• Gypsy moth from Europe
• Hemlock woolly adelgid from Japan
• Larch casebearer
• Larch sawfly
• Pear thrip from Europe
• Phroid Fly from South America
• Red imported fire ant from South America
• Varroa mite from Asia
• Western honeybee from Europe
• Winter moth

[edit] Plants

• Eurasian watermilfoil from Europe, Asia and northern Africa
• Ice plant from South Africa
• Eucalypts from Australia
• Hesperis matronalis -- Dame's rocket from Eurasia
• Vicia cracca -- Cow vetch from Eurasia
• Vicia villosa -- Hairy vetch from Eurasia
• Lonicera japonica -- Japanese honeysuckle
• Lonicera maackii -- Amur honeysuckle
• Rosa multiflora -- Multiflora rose
• Lythrum salicaria -- Purple loosestrife
• Pueraria montana -- Kudzu (aka Pueraria lobata)
• Celastrus orbiculatus -- Oriental bittersweet
• Elaeagnus umbellata -- Autumn olive
• Alliaria petiolata -- Garlic mustard
• Hydrilla verticillata -- Hydrilla from India and Sri Lanka
• Trapa natans -- Water caltrop from Eurasia
• Eichhornia crassipes -- Water hyacinth from South America
• Pistia stratiotes -- Water lettuce from South America
• Ipomoea aquatica -- Water spinach from India and southeast Asia
• Arundo donax -- Giant reed from the Mediterranean
• Conium maculatum -- Poison hemlock from Europe
• Salvinia molesta -- Giant salvinia from Brazil
• Hedera helix -- English ivy from Europe
• Fucus serratus -- Rockweed from Europe
• Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides -- Green sea fingers
• Centaurea Diffusa -- Diffuse knapweed

[edit] South America

[edit] Fish

• Cherry barb from Sri Lanka

[edit] Continental Europe

[edit] Mammals

• Barbary Macaque - Gibraltar (from North Africa)
• Raccoon Dog - throughout Central and Eastern Europe into E Scandinavia
• Raccoon - spreading from Germany and W Russia (adjacent to Baltic states, north of Black Sea and west of Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan) (from North America)
• American Mink - Spain, N France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Scandinavia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and NW Russia (from North America)
• Egyptian Mongoose - Portugal, southern Spain, island of Mljet (from North Africa)
• Indian Grey Mongoose - Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Adriatic islands
• Sika Deer - France, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Austria (from Asia)
• Fallow Deer - throughout (from Mediterranean)
• Axis Deer - Italy, Slovenia, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, Russia east of Black Sea (from South Asia)
• White-tailed Deer - S Finland (from North America)
• European Bison - Poland (from captivity after extinction)
• Musk Ox - Norway, Sweden (from Greenland)
• Grey Squirrel - Italy (from North America)
• Siberian Chipmunk - France, Germany, Austria, The Netherlands, Finland (from North America)
• Canadian Beaver - Finland, Russia, Poland (from North America)
• Muskrat - E Scandinavia, W France, north to Denmark, east to Ukraine, south to N Greece
• Common Rat - throughout (from Asia)
• Ship Rat - throughout, except Scandinavia (from South-East Asia or China, via India and Middle East)
• House Mouse - throughout (from N Iran border)
• Crested Porcupine - Italy (from North Africa)
• Coypu - pockets in France, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Italy, Bulgaria, Georgia (from South America)
• Cottontail Rabbit - Spain, France, Italy (from North America)

[edit] Birds

• Sacred Ibis - France (from Africa)
• Black Swan - Poland, The Netherlands (from Australia)
• Canada Goose - N Europe (France to Scandinavia) (from North America)
• Ruddy Duck - spreading from UK (from North America)
• Common Pheasant - throughout (from Asia)
• California Quail - Denmark, Germany, Italy (from North America)
• Northern Bobwhite - C France (from North America)
• Daurian Partridge - Italy, Russia, Ukraine (from S Siberia & C Asia)
• Reeves's Pheasant - France, Czech Republic (from China)
• Wild Turkey - Germany (from North America)
• Feral Pigeon - ubiquitous
• Rose-ringed Parakeet - Spain, The Netherlands, Belgium, W Germany
• Monk Parakeet - Italy, Slovakia (from South America)
• Common Mynah - Russia (from India)
• Common Waxbill - Portugal (from Africa)
• Red Avadavat - Spain, Po Delta (from India)

[edit] References

• Macdonald, D. and P. Barrett (1993) Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe. HarperCollins, London.
• Svensson, L., P.J. Grant, K. Mullarney and D. Zetterström (1999) Collins Bird Guide. HarperCollins, London. (ISBN 0 00 219728 6)