List of extinct plants

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This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.

Contents

[edit] Prehistoric extinctions

Main article: Prehistoric plant
  • Cooksonia sp. (Silurian)
  • Rhynia sp. (Silurian)
  • Psilophyton sp. (Devonian)
  • Sigillaria sp. (Carboniferous)
  • Lepidodendron sp. (Carboniferous)
  • Calamites sp. (Carboniferous)
  • Cordaites sp. (Permian)
  • Glossopteris sp. (Permian)
  • Araucarioxylon sp. (Triassic)
  • Cladophlebis sp. (Triassic)
  • Zamites sp. (Triassic)
  • Brachyphyllum sp. (Triassic)
  • Pleuromeia sp. (Triassic)
  • Eboracia sp. (Jurassic)
  • Cycadeoidea sp. (Jurassic)
  • Ginkgo sp. (Jurassic)
  • Gleichenites sp. (Jurassic)
  • Coniopteris sp. (Jurassic)
  • Czekanowskia sp. (Jurassic)
  • Nilssonia sp. (Jurassic)
  • Neocalamites sp. (Jurassic)
  • Baiera sp. (Jurassic)
  • Pterophyilum sp. (Jurassic)
  • Archaefructus sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Archaeanthus sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Williamsoniella sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Ephedrites sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Sphenobaiera sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Pagiophyllum sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Pityocladus sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Podozamites sp. (Cretaceous)
  • Liaoningocladus sp. (Cretaceous)

[edit] Modern extinctions

[edit] Africa

  • Acalypha rubrinervis (1870, Saint Helena)
  • Anogramma ascensionis (1958, Ascension Island)
  • Anonidium usambarense (Tanzania)
  • Byttneria ivorensis (Côte d'Ivoire)
  • Coffea lemblinii (Côte d'Ivoire)
  • Dryopteris ascensionis (1889, Ascension Island)
  • Erythrina schliebenii (Tanzania)
  • St. Helena Heliotrope - Heliotropium pannifolium (Saint Helena)
  • St. Helena Olive - Nesiota elliptica (2003, Saint Helena)
  • Oldenlandia adscenionis (1889, Ascension Island)
  • Pausinystalia brachythyrsum (Cameroon)
  • Sporobolus durus (1886, Ascension Island)
  • Trochetiopsis melanoxylon (Saint Helena)

[edit] America

  • Blutaparon rigidum (Galápagos)
  • Campomanesia lundiana (Brazil)
  • Casearia quinduensis (Colombia)
  • Chrysophyllum januariense (Brazil)
  • Cnidoscolus fragrans (Cuba)
  • Flabellidium spinosum (1911, Bolivia)
  • Galipea ossana (Cuba)
  • Gomidesia cambessedeana (early 19th century, Brazil)
  • Guettarda retusa (Cuba)
  • Ilex ternatiflora (Cuba)
  • Licania caldasiana (Colombia)
  • Myrcia skeldingii (Jamaica)
  • Neomacounia nitida (1864, Canada)
  • Pouteria stenophylla (Brazil)
  • Pradosia argentea (Peru)
  • Pradosia glaziovii (Brazil)
  • Pradosia mutisii (Colombia)
  • Psidium dumetorum (1976, Jamaica)
  • Santalum fernandezianum (Chile)

[edit] Asia

  • Adiantum lianxianense (Guangdong, China)
  • Crudia zeylanica (Sri Lanka)
  • Cynometra beddomei (India)
  • Dipterocarpus cinereus (Sumatera, Indonesia)
  • Hopea shingkeng (India)
  • Ilex gardneriana (1859, India)
  • Madhuca insignis (India)
  • Ormosia howii (Southern China)
  • Otophora unilocularis (Hainan, China)
  • Pluchea glutinosa (19th Century, Yemen)
  • Psiadia schweinfurthii (19th Century, Yemen)
  • Shorea cuspidata (Malaysia)
  • Sterculia khasiana (India)
  • Syzygium gambleanum (India)
  • Valerianella affinis (19th century, Yemen)
  • Wendlandia angustifolia (India)

[edit] Europe

  • Astragalus nitidiflorus (1909, Spain)
  • Radula visiniaca (1938, Italy)

[edit] Oceania

  • Hawaii Chaff Flower - Achyranthes atollensis (1964, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Argyroxiphium virescens (1996, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Casearia tinifolia (Mauritius)
  • Clermontia multiflora (1871, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cupaniopsis crassivalvis (New Caledonia)
  • Tree Cyanea - Cyanea arborea (1928, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea comata (late 1800's, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea cylindrocalyx (1909, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea dolichopoda (1990, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Giffard's Cyanea - Cyanea giffardii (1917, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Mark's Cyanea - Cyanea marksii (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea pohaku (1910, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea pycnocarpa (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Oakleaf Cyanea - Cyanea quercifolia (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Dracaena umbraculifera (Mauritius)
  • Fitchia mangarevensis (French Polynesia)
  • Hernandia drakeana (French Polynesia)
  • Kawaihae Hibiscadelphus - Hibiscadelphus bombycinus (1868, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Hibiscadelphus crucibracteatus (1981, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Hibiscadelphus wilderianus (1910, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Kokia lanceolata (1888, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cross-Bearing Pelea - Melicope cruciata (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Melicope haleakalae (1919, Hawaiian Is.)
  • Obovate Melicope - Melicope obovata (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Melicope paniculata (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Neisosperma brownii (French Polynesia)
  • Ochrosia fatuhivensis (French Polynesia)
  • Ochrosia nukuhivensis (French Polynesia)
  • Ochrosia tahitensis (French Polynesia)
  • Pelea obovata (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Stenocarpus dumbeensis (1905, New Caledonia)
  • Streblorrhiza speciosa (Norfolk Island)
  • Weinmannia spiraeoides (1840, Fiji)
  • Skottsberg's Wikstroemia - Wikstroemia skottsbergiana (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Hairy Wikstroemia - Wikstoemia villosa (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Xanthostemon sebertii (1869, New Caledonia)
See also: List of extinct flora of Australia

[edit] Extinct in the Wild Plants

[edit] Africa

  • Bastard Gumwood - Commidendrum rotundifolium (Saint Helena)
  • Encephalartos brevifoliolatus (South Africa)
  • Encephalartos nubimontanus (South Africa)
  • Encephalartos relictus (Swaziland)
  • Encephalartos woodii (South Africa)
  • St. Helena Redwood - Trochetiopsis erythroxylon (Saint Helena)

[edit] America

  • Cosmos atrosanguineus (Mexico)
  • Csapodya splendens (syn. Deppea splendens) (Mexico)
  • Root-Spine Palm - Cryosophila williamsii (Honduras)
  • Erythroxylum echinodendron (Cuba)
  • Franklin Tree - Franklinia alatamaha (Georgia, U.S.)
  • Laelia gouldiana (Mexico)
  • Biznaguita - Mammillaria glochidiata (Mexico)
  • Biznaguita - Mammillaria guillauminiana (Mexico)
  • Toromiro - Sophora toromiro (Chile)
  • Terminalia acuminata (Brazil)

[edit] Australia

  • Hemiandra rutilans

[edit] Asia

  • Corypha taliera - (Bengal)
  • Euphorbia mayurnathanii (India)
  • Firmiana major (Yunnan, China)
  • Kalimantan Mango - Mangifera casturi (Indonesia)
  • Mangifera rubropetala (Kalimantan)
  • Rhododendron kanehirai (Taiwan)
  • Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey)

[edit] Europe

  • Betula szaferi (Poland)
  • Lysimachia minoricensis (Spain)

[edit] Oceania

  • Pele Clermontia - Clermontia peleana (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea pinnatifida (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cyanea superba (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Punaluu Cyanea - Cyanea truncata (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Fuzzyflower Cyrtandra - Cyrtandra waiolani (Hawaiian Is.)
  • Cooke's Kokio - Kokia cookei (Hawaiian Is)

[edit] Plants previously thought extinct and subsequently rediscovered

  • Thuja sutchuenensis – rediscovered 1999
  • Badula ovalifolia - discovered for the first time on Mauritius by Wayne Page & Gabriel d'Argent, Indian Ocean. 1997 / confirmed 2006

[edit] Algae

  • Bennett's Seaweed - Vanvoorstia bennettiana - a red alga. (1886, Australia)

[edit] References

  • The Evolution of Plants, by K. J. Willis, J. C. McElwain, Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0198500653
  • Principles and Practice of Plant Conservation, by David R. Given, Timber Press, 1995. ISBN 0881922498
  • Earth Witness Community Site [1] (accessed 19 October 2005)
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