List of constructed languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of constructed languages is in alphabetical order, and divided into auxiliary, engineered, and artistic languages, and their respective subgenres.

Contents 1 Auxiliary languages 1.1 Spoken (major) 1.2 Spoken (minor) 1.3 Controlled languages 1.4 Visual languages 2 Engineered languages 2.1 Human-usable 2.2 Knowledge representation 3 Artistic languages 3.1 Fictional languages 3.1.1 Literary fictional languages 3.1.2 Fictional languages in comic books 3.1.3 Fictional languages in movies and television series 3.1.3.1 Unnamed languages 3.1.4 Fictional languages used in a musical context 3.1.5 Fictional languages used in games 3.1.6 Internet-based fictional languages 3.2 Alternative languages 3.3 Micronational languages 3.4 Personal languages 3.5 Language games 3.6 Toys 4 See also

[edit] Auxiliary languages

[edit] Spoken (major)

Language Name	Year of first publication	Creator's Name	Comments	Activity on MediaWiki sites
Esperanto	1887	L. L. Zamenhof	Fluent speakers: est. 100,000 to 2 million	eo.wikipedia.org has 67.420 articles eo.wikibooks.org has 270 books
Glosa	1943	Lancelot Hogben, et al.	Originally called Interglossa
Idiom Neutral	1902	Waldemar Rosenberger	Based on Volapük, abandoned in 1908
Ido	1907	A group of reformist Esperanto speakers	est. 2000–5000 speakers	io.wikipedia.org has 14.605 articles
Interlingua	1951	International Auxiliary Language Association		ia.wikipedia.org has 3.454 articles ia.wikibooks.org has 40 books
Latino sine flexione	1903	Giuseppe Peano	Replaced Idiom Neutral in 1908
Lingua Franca Nova	1998	C. George Boeree
Novial	1928	Otto Jespersen		nov.wikipedia.org has 1.878 articles
Occidental	1922	Edgar de Wahl	(Interlingue)	ie.wikipedia.org has 298 articles ie.wikibooks.org has 27 books
Volapük	1879-1880	Johann Martin Schleyer		vo.wikipedia.org has 1.709 articles vo.wikibooks.org has 2 books

[edit] Spoken (minor)

• Adjuvilo
• Afrihili
• Babm
• Baza
• Cirquish
• Communicationssprache
• Dunia
• Eaiea
• Esperando
• Esperanto II
• Europaio
• Europanto
• Fasala
• Fasile
• Folkspraak
• Lingua sistemfrater
• Mondial
• Mondlango
• Mundolinco
• Neo
• Neo Patwa
• Nuwaubic
• Poliespo
• Románico
• Romanova
• Semitish
• Sermo
• Slovio
• Solresol
• Sona
• Spokil
• Tokcir
• Universalglot
• Uropi
• Bard moqe
• Parey tamil

[edit] Controlled languages

• Basic English
• EasyEnglish
• Globish
• Special English
• Plain English
• Simplified English
• E-Prime

[edit] Visual languages

• Blissymbols
• Gestuno
• Signuno
• Earth Language
• The Elephant's Memory - [1]

[edit] Engineered languages

[edit] Human-usable

• An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language by John Wilkins
• aUI
• Ceqli
• Characteristica universalis
• Isotype
• Ithkuil
• Láadan
• Latejami
• Loglan
• Lojban
• Ro
• Sasxsek
• Vorlin

[edit] Knowledge representation

• CycL
• The Distributed Language Translation project used a "binary-coded" version of Esperanto as a pivot language between the source language and its translation.
• KIF
• Lincos
• Loom
• RDF

[edit] Artistic languages

[edit] Fictional languages

[edit] Literary fictional languages

• Ailurin is the language spoken by cats (at least those living in New York and London) in Diane Duane's fantasy books.
• Aklo, Tsath-yo, and R'lyehian are ancient and obscure languages in the works of H.P. Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith, and others. Aklo is considered by some writers to be the written language of the Serpent People
• Amtorian, spoken in some cultures on the planet Venus in Pirates of Venus by Edgar Rice Burroughs and several sequels. Judged by critic Fredrik Ekman to have "a highly inventive morphology but a far less interesting syntax". (See [2].)
• Ancient Language in the Inheritance Trilogy by Christopher Paolini (although this is considered to be a cipher of English by many)
• Angley, Unglish and Inglisss - three languages spoken respectively at Western Europe, North America and the Pacific in the 29th Century world of Poul Anderson's "Orion Shall Rise". All derived from present-day English, the three are mutually unintelligable, following 800 years of separate development after a 21st century nuclear war and the extensive absorption of words and grammatical forms from French in the first case, Russian, Chinese and Mongolian in the second, and Polynesian in the third.
• Anglic from David Brin's Uplift series, along with the numbered languages Galactic One through Galactic Twelve.
• Anglic (not necessarily identical with the one in Brin's series) is also the name of the official languge of the galactic empire in Poul Anderson's Dominic Flandry series.
• Ata from the novel The Kin of Ata are Waiting for You by Dorothy Bryant
• Atreides battle, in Dune by Frank Herbert
• Babel-17, in Babel-17 by Samuel R. Delany
• Baronh, language of Abh in Seikai no Monsho (Crest of the Stars) and others, by Morioka Hiroyuki
• Chakobsa, a language used in the Dune novels by Frank Herbert
• Chorukor, from Václav Havel's The Memorandum
• Codex Seraphinianus by Luigi Serafini appears to be written in a constructed language which is presumably the language of the alien civilization the book describes
• Common The language spoken in a wide variety of fantasy fiction, including Dungeons and Dragons.
• D'ni, spoken in D'ni from the video game series of Myst.
• Drac, language of alien species in Barry B. Longyear's The Enemy Papers
• Kad'k, the language of the Dwarfs in Terry Pratchett's Discworld
• Elvish spoken by the Elcyion Lacar, by Katherine Kerr
• Language of Epepe, spoken by the people of a strange country in a novel with the same name (1970, original) by the Hungarian author Ferenc Karinthy.
• Fremen, language of the native people of Arrakis, in Dune and other novels by Frank Herbert
• Galacticspeak from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
• Galgenlieder ('Gallows Songs'), collection of poems by Christian Morgenstern (1905, in German) contains plenty of words, strophs and entire poems written in a nonsense language.
• Glide, created by Diana Reed Slattery, used by the Death Dancers of The Maze Game
• Hardic, Osskilian, and Kargish from Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea books
• High D'Haran, language used 3000 years ago in D'Hara, in Terry Goodkind's Sword of Truth series
• High Speech, created by Stephen King in The Dark Tower series.
• Hressa-Hlab or Old Solar, the original language of the Solar System, in C.S. Lewis’s Space Trilogy
• Imperial Gothic or Gothic is the standard language of the Warhammer 40,000 universe; spoken by humans and various aliens.
• Kânik, the language of the Kânín (Werewolves) and Cénáre (Wolven) of Émae, as featured in Jeff Shanley's debut novel Mathion[3].
• Kesh, spoken by the Kesh people in Ursula Le Guin's Always Coming Home
• Láadan, in Suzette Haden Elgin's science fiction novel Native Tongue and sequels
• Lapine, in Watership Down by Richard Adams
• Lilliputian from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Further samples of the language are provided in T. H. White's Mistress Masham's Repose. In Gulliver's Travels, other fictional languages, spoken in other places Gulliver visits, are also presented, e.g. Brobdingnagian, Laputan, Balbinarbian and Hoyhnhnm languages.
• Mando'a, created by Karen Traviss, used by the Mandalorians in the Star Wars Republic Commando novels Hard Contact and Triple Zero
• Mangani in the Tarzan novels of Edgar Rice Burroughs
• Marain, in The Culture novels of Iain M. Banks
• The languages of Middle-earth (most notably Sindarin, Quenya and Khuzdûl) by J. R. R. Tolkien, partly published in The Lord of the Rings, and posthumously discussed in The History of Middle-earth and other publications.
• Molvanian from Molvania, A Land Untouched By Modern Dentistry
• Nadsat slang, in A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess
• Newspeak, in Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell
• The Old Tongue from Robert Jordan's Wheel of Time series
• Paluldonian in a Tarzan novel, Tarzan the Terrible, by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Used by the inhabitants of the realm of Pal-ul-don in Africa, separated from the outside world by unpenetrable marshes.
• Parseltongue, the language of snakes, in the Harry Potter series. The ability of humans to speak it is considered a magic ability.
• Pennsylvanisch, from Michael Flynn's The Forest of Time
• Pravic and Iotic, in The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin
• Ptydepe from Václav Havel's The Memorandum
• Quintaglio from Robert J. Sawyer's Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy
• Qwghlmian from Neal Stephenson's Cryptonomicon and The Baroque Cycle
• Rihannsu, spoken by the Rihannsu (Romulans) in the Star Trek novels of Diane Duane
• Singlespeech, spoken by the Ler in M. A. Foster's novels, especially The Gameplayers of Zan.
• Stark (short for Star Common), a common interstellar English-based language from Orson Scott Card's Ender series
• Starsza Mowa from Andrzej Sapkowski's Hexer saga
• Taxilinga - from Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash
• Terranglo, Symbospeech, High Thranx, and Low Thranx, and a number of other languages created by Alan Dean Foster for his Humanx Commonwealth milieu
• Troll language from Terry Pratchett's Discworld
• Ulgo, the language of the inhabitants of Ulgoland, in David Eddings's Belgariad series.
• Utopian language, appearing in a poem by Petrus Gilles accompanying Thomas More's Utopia
• Yilanè from Harry Harrison's West of Eden series
• Zaum, poetic tongue elaborated by Velimir Khlebnikov, Aleksei Kruchonykh, and other Russian Futurists as a "transrational" and "most universal" language "of songs, incantations, and curses".
• Zemblan, created by Vladimir Nabokov in the novel Pale Fire.
• Several languages spoken by Panurge in François Rabelais' Pantagruel (1532)
• The Time Machine featured an unnamed language for the Eloi people.
• Jack Womack's Dryco novels feature a future form of English with a modified grammar.

[edit] Fictional languages in comic books

• Arumbaya from The Adventures of Tintin ("The Broken Ear" and "Tintin and the Picaros"). In the English version it is rendered as a phonetic transcription of Cockney English [4]
• Bordurian in some of Hergé's The Adventures of Tintin, mostly in The Calculus Affair
• Brutopian - the language of Brutopia
• Click Talk from Flaming Carrot Comics
• Epsilon Omega-Magnetos, a constructed language for mutants in Ultimate X-Men
• Interlac, the universal language spoken in the 30th century in the Legion of Super Heroes comics
• Kryptonese, or Kryptonian, the language of Superman's home planet of Krypton
• Sondonesian, in one of Hergé's The Adventures of Tintin stories, Flight 714 for Sydney
• Syldavian, in some of Hergé's The Adventures of Tintin, mostly in King Ottokar's Sceptre
• Martian-Spoken by Martian Manhunter
• Transian-Spoken in the nation of Transia, DC Comics
• Latverian-Language used in Latveria Marvel Comics.
• Wakand-Language used in Wakanda Marvel Comics.

[edit] Fictional languages in movies and television series

• Abcadefghan, Allow-ese, Betelguese, Capistan, Cathaganian, Cathanay, Curdine, Entree, Foreignester, Hapaxlegominia, Hartileas B, Instantaneous Dakis, Mickle-ese, O-Lev-Lit, U-thalian and Untowards are among the fictional languages spoken by some of the characters in Peter Greenaway's film The Falls
• Two kinds of alien language, termed "Alienese" and "Beta Crypt 3" appear quite frequently in background sight gags in Futurama.
• Ancient in the Stargate universe (i.e. Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis) is the language of the Ancients, the builders of the Stargates; it is similar to Latin. The Athosians say prayers in Ancient.
• Atlantean created by Marc Okrand for the film Atlantis: The Lost Empire
• Bacterian, a sort of mock Italian, spoken by Benzino Napaloni, the dictator of Bacteria, in Charles Chaplin's "The Great Dictator"(1940)
• Binary, used by Bynars to communicate with computers, on Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the Starfleet Corps of Engineers series.
• Bocce from Star Wars
• Bork-Bork-Bork or "Mock Swedish", spoken by the Swedish Chef on The Muppet Show
• Chatlanian, or Plyukan, language (Russian Чатланский язык) used by Chatlanians and Patsaks of the Plyuk planet from the 1986 Russian science fiction film Kin-dza-dza!
• Cityspeak, a "mishmash of Japanese, Spanish, German," plus Hungarian and French, spoken on the street of overcrowded and multi-lingual Los Angeles of 2019 in Blade Runner. Similarly, used in many cyberpunk genre role playing games.
• Divine Language, spoken by Milla Jovovich's character Leeloo in The Fifth Element, invented by her and writer/director Luc Besson.
• Enchanta, in the Encantadia and Etheria television series in the Philippines, created by the head writer Suzette Doctolero
• Fyarl is the language spoken by the epynomous Fyarl Demons from Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It appeared in only one episode, "A New Man". Although a vampire, Spike happens to speak it.
• Gelfling, spoken in Jim Henson's fantasy epic The Dark Crystal
• Goa'uld, the galactic lingua franca from Stargate SG-1, supposedly descended from Unas and influenced Ancient Egyptian
• Irken, in Invader Zim, by Jhonen Vasquez, et al.
• Klingon, in the Star Trek movie and television series, created by Marc Okrand
• Krakozhian from The Terminal
• Ku, a fictional African language in the movie The Interpreter (2005)
• Linguacode from Star Trek
• Minbari from Babylon 5, three related languages used together, corresponding to the areas of expertise of the three societal castes.
• Nadsat, the fictional language spoken by Alex and his friends in A Clockwork Orange.
• Paku from Land of the Lost
• Pinguish, the language of Pingu, an animated penguin from a cartoon of the same name
• PortuGreek, the trade language featured in Waterworld
• Quenya and Sindarin, the two Elven languages, spoken in the Lord of the Rings movies.
• The Star Wars series features several fictional languages, see: Languages in Star Wars
• Sycoraxic was spoken by the Sycorax in the Doctor Who Christmas Special, The Christmas Invasion.
• Tamarian from the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Darmok"
• Tenctonese from the Alien Nation movie and television series, created by Van Ling and Kenneth Johnson
• Thermian from Galaxy Quest.
• Tomanian, a sort of mock German, spoken by Adenoid Hynkel, the dictator of Tomania, in Charles Chaplin's "The Great Dictator" (1940)
• Truslosh the Tyrusian language for the TV cartoon miniseries "Invasion America" on the WB, created by Ruel Fischmann
• Unas in Stargate SG-1, supposedly the ancestor of Goa'uld
• Woadish re-constructed for the 2004 film King Arthur (film)
• Vampire language used in the movie Blade.
• Vulcan language from Star Trek

[edit] Unnamed languages

• Caveman, a 1981 movie set in prehistoric times, featured all dialogue in a language invented for the film.
• In Modern Times, a 1936 movie by Charles Chaplin, Chaplin sings a comic song in a nonsense language.
• Quest for Fire, a 1981 film set in prehistoric times, featured all dialogue in a language invented for the film by Anthony Burgess.
• The War of the Worlds TV series, in its first season, features the aliens from Mor-Tax speaking a distinctive African-esque type of language (simply referred to as "alienspeak" in the scripts).
• When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth, a 1970 movie set in prehistoric times, featured all dialogue in a language invented for the film.
• In the animated movie Titan A.E., the queen of the energy-composed alien race known as the Drej uses an unnamed alien language. All her quotes feature English subtitles.
• In the Janissaries series of science-fiction novels by Jerry Pournelle, the human natives of the planet Tran speak a language apparently derived from Mycenaean. A form of Latin is also spoken in an empire resembling ancient Rome's, but only by scholars.
• In the movie adaption of Clan of the Cave Bear, a language consisting of guttural sounds and pantomiming is spoken.
• Riddley Walker, a 1980 novel by Russell Hoban, set in a post-apocalyptic future, is written entirely in a "devolved" form of English.

[edit] Fictional languages used in a musical context

• Hopelandic, the language sung by Jón Þór Birgisson of the Icelandic band "Sigur Rós" on many of their songs.
• Kobaian, from the fictional planet created by French musician Christian Vander and the language sung by his progressive rock band Magma
• Loxian from Enya
• Unnamed language by Yves Barbieux, used in his song "Sanomi" and performed by the Belgian group Urban Trad in the Eurovision Song contest in 2003.
• Mohelmot, a forbidden language used by The Residents on the album The Big Bubble: Part Four of the Mole Trilogy.
• Juggalatin, a form of speech used by the Juggalos, the Deadhead-esque devotees of the Insane Clown Posse

[edit] Fictional languages used in games

• Ancient Altmer, the old tongue of High Elves in The Elder Scrolls series.
• Al Bhed is a language used by the race of people known by the same name in the fictional world of Spira, in the games Final Fantasy X & Final Fantasy X-2
• Alaani, Angram (old dwarvish), Asdharia (high elvish), Isdira (elvish), Rogolan (dwarvish), Rssahh (language of the 'lizard-people') and others in the role-playing game The Dark Eye
• Ancient Hylian is the ancient language used by the first Hylians in The Legend of Zelda
• Bluddian from the video game Captain Blood by Cryo Interactive Entertainment
• Common, Darnassian, Draenei language, Dwarvish, Gnomish, Gutterspeak, Orcish, Taurahe, Thalassian, and Troll language, all from the Warcraft Universe
• D'ni, the language spoken by the subterranean D'ni people in Cyan Worlds' Myst series of computer games and novels
• Dino, the language made by the Dinosaur Planet in Star Fox Adventures
• Furbish, the language of the Furby plush toy (Furbish at Langmaker.com)
• Gargish, used in the Ultima computer game series, by the gargoyle race
• kiZombie, used by zombies in the Urban Dead MMORPG
• Mando'a, created by Karen Traviss, used by the Mandalorians in Star Wars: Republic Commando
• Or'zet, the rediscovered language of the Orks from the Shadowrun role playing game
• The unnamed language used by the Protoss in the StarCraft series
• Panzerese, a mix of German, Japanese, and Latin, used in the Panzer Dragoon series of games.
• Simlish from the computer game The Sims
• Sload, the language of the epynomous race in The Elder Scrolls series.
• Sperethiel, the language of the Elven nations of Tir Tairngire and Tir na Nog from the Shadowrun role playing game
• Tho Fan, in the Xbox game Jade Empire
• Vasudan, in the computer game Descent: FreeSpace
• The unnamed language used by the Zerg race in the StarCraft series
• The unnamed language used by the Blobs when they sing, in the PlayStation Portable Game, "LocoRoco"
• The unnamed language used in the Klonoa series up to Klonoa Heroes: Legend of the Star Medal, and an expetation in Namco X Capcom, uses normal Japanese. It is known as Klonian among fans.

[edit] Internet-based fictional languages

• Abakwi, a fictional language presented in plausible facsimile of an early 20th century linguistic source
• Alvesteane, spoken in fictional country Alphistia, developed by Tony Skaggs.
• Arovën, also a logical language, spoken in fictional Aroël, by Joshua Shinavier
• Cispa and the other rodent languages of Herman Miller
• Hylian, a language with Esperanto, English, and Indo-European roots. It is designed to replace the Hylian language used in the Legend of Zelda videogames, which is simply a syllabic script used to write Japanese. ([5])
• Kamakawi, created by David J. Peterson (official homepage)
• Kēlen, by Sylvia Sotomayor
• Talümena, created by Frederick A. Fabian Sr. ([6])
• Teonaht, by Sally Caves
• Tokana, by Matthew Pearson
• Verdurian, one of several languages created for the fictional planet of Almea by Mark Rosenfelder

[edit] Alternative languages

• Anglish
• Brithenig, created by the inventor of the alternate history of Ill Bethisad, Andrew Smith
• Several North Slavic languages, inspired by the existence of West, East and South Slavic languages and the absence of a Northern branch
• Thosk, by Dean Easton
• Wenedyk (Venedik in English), a language of the alternate history of Ill Bethisad created by Jan van Steenbergen

[edit] Micronational languages

• Talossan, by R. Ben Madison

[edit] Personal languages

• Armavi and Parthavan, by Nadeem Ahmad
• Dastmen by (Juan M. Jiménez Noguera)
• Enochian by Edward Kelley
• K by Robert Dessaix (interview on Lingua Franca)
• Lingua Ignota, by Hildegard of Bingen
• Taneraic, by Javant Biarujia
• Toki Pona, by Sonja Elen Kisa
• Zoinx
• Esata by Pafu

[edit] Language games

• Binaliktad
• Gibberish
• Gibberish (language game)
• Jeringonza
• Língua do Pê
• Louchebem
• Opish
• Pig Latin
• Rechtub klat
• Rosarigasino
• Rövarspråket
• Sananmuunnos
• Šatrovački
• Starckdeutsch, Starckteutsch
• Tutnese
• Ubbi dubbi
• Verlan
• Vesre

[edit] Toys

• Furbish

[edit] See also

• Alien language
• Archive of fictional things
• Artificial script
• Constructed language
• Engineered language
• International auxiliary language
• Language game
• List of languages
• Voynich Manuscript