List of compositions by George Gershwin
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This is a list of compositions by George Gershwin. During his short life of thirty-nine years, George Gershwin was both a songwriter for Broadway and a classical composer. He composed songs, stage works, concert works both with and without piano solo, film music and even an opera. His works are grouped themmatically in this list, and in chronological order according to the dates of compositions in the same group.
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[edit] Classical works
Note: All orchestral/operatic pieces are orchestrated by Gershwin unless otherwise specified.
- Tango (1915), for solo piano. Written when he was 15.
- Lullaby (1919), a meditative piece for string quartet. Originally, a class assignment from his music theory teacher.
- Blue Monday, a one-act opera featured in George White's Scandals of 1922 at the Globe Theatre, Paul Whiteman conducting, orchestrated by Will Vodery.
- A Suite from Blue Monday for two pianos was later arranged and has been recorded.
- Reorchestrated by Ferde Grofé and retitled 135th Street in 1925 for a performance at Carnegie Hall.
- Rhapsody in Blue, (1924), his most famous work, a symphonic jazz composition for Paul Whiteman's jazz band & piano, premiered at Aeolian Hall, better known in the form orchestrated for full symphonic orchestra by Ferde Grofé. Featured in numerous films and commercials.
- Short Story, (1925), for violin and piano, an arrangement of two other short pieces originally intended to be included with the Three Preludes. Premiered by Samuel Dushkin at The University Club in New York City.
- Concerto in F, (1925), three movements, for piano and orchestra, premiered in Carnegie Hall by the New York Symphony Orchestra, Walter Damrosch conducting.
- Three Preludes, (1926), for piano, first performed by Gershwin at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City.
- An American in Paris (1928), a symphonic poem with elements of jazz and realistic Parisian sound effects, premiered in Carnegie Hall by the New York Philharmonic, Walter Damrosch conducting.
- Second Rhapsody (1931), for piano and orchestra, based on the score for a musical sequence from Delicious. Working title for the work was Rhapsody in Rivets. Premiered at the Boston Symphony Hall by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Serge Koussevitzky conducting.
- Cuban Overture (1932), originally titled Rumba, a tone poem featuring elements of native Cuban dance and folk music; score specifies usage of native Cuban instruments, premiered at the Lewisohn Stadium of the City University of New York, Gershwin conducting.
- Piano Transcriptions of Eight Songs (1932)
- Variations on "I Got Rhythm" (1934), a set of interesting variations on his famous song, for piano and orchestra
- Includes a waltz, an atonal fugue, and experimentation with Asian and jazz influences
- Porgy and Bess, a folk opera (1935) (from the book by DuBose Heyward) about African-American life, now considered a definitive work of the American theater, premiered at the Alvin Theatre, Alexander Smallens conducting.
- Contains the famous aria "Summertime", in addition to hits like "I Got Plenty of Nothin'" and "It Ain't Necessarily So".
- Porgy and Bess has also been heard in the concert hall, mostly in two orchestral suites, one by Gershwin himself entitled Catfish Row; another suite by Robert Russell Bennett, Porgy and Bess: A Symphonic Picture is also relatively popular.
- Walking the Dog, (1937), a humorous piece for orchestra featuring the clarinet. Originally a musical sequence entitled Promenade from the movie Shall We Dance for piano and chamber orchestra.
- Many other incidental sequences from Shall We Dance were composed and (for the most part) orchestrated by Gershwin, among them: Waltz of the Red Balloons and a final extended 8-minute orchestral passage based on the title song with an intruiging coda hinting at Gershwin forging a new musical path. It is unknown why any of these compositions have not seen the light of day in the concert hall.
- Most of the musicals Gershwin wrote are also known for their instrumental music, among them the March from Strike Up The Band and overtures to many of his later shows.
- Impromptu in Two Keys, published posthumously in (1973), for piano
- Two Waltzes in C, published posthumously in (1975), for piano
- Originally a two-piano interlude in Pardon My English on Broadway.
[edit] Musical theater credits
Note: All works are musicals produced on Broadway unless specified otherwise.
- 1919 - La La Lucille (lyrics by Arthur Jackson, B. G. DeSylva and Irving Caesar)
- 1919 - Morris Gest "Midnight Whirl" (lyrics by B. G. DeSylva and John Henry Mears)
- 1919 - Limehouse Nights (lyrics by B. G. DeSylva and John Henry Mears)
- 1920 - Poppyland (lyrics by B. G. DeSylva and John Henry Mears)
- 1920 - George White's Scandals of 1920 (lyrics by Arthur Jackson)
- 1921 - A Dangerous Maid (lyrics by Ira Gershwin). Premiered in Atlantic City.
- 1921 - The Broadway Whirl (co-composed with Harry Tierney, lyrics by Buddy DeSylva, Joseph McCarthy, Richard Carle and John Henry Mears
- 1921 - George White's Scandals of 1921 (lyrics by Arthur Jackson)
- 1922 - George White's Scandals of 1922 (lyrics by E. Ray Goetz, Ira Gershwin and B. G. DeSylva)
- The premiere performance featured the one-act opera Blue Monday with libretto and lyrics by B. G. DeSylva, set in Harlem in a jazz idiom. However, after only one performance, the opera was withdrawn from the show. Gershwin also wrote seven other songs for the show.
- 1922 - Our Nell (co-composed with William Daly, lyrics co-written by Gershwin and Daly)
- 1922 - By and By (lyrics by Brian Hooker)
- 1923 - Innocent Ingenue Baby (co-composed with William Daly, lyrics by Brian Hooker)
- 1923 - Walking Home with Angeline (lyrics by Brian Hooker)
- 1923 - The Rainbow (lyrics by Clifford Grey and Brian Hooker). Premiered in London.
- 1923 - George White's Scandals of 1923 (lyrics by E. Ray Goetz, B. G. DeSylva and Ballard MacDonald)
- 1924 - Sweet Little Devil (lyrics by B. G. DeSylva)
- 1924 - George White's Scandals of 1924 (lyrics by B. G. DeSylva and Ballard MacDonald)
- 1924 - Primrose (lyrics by Desmond Carter and Ira Gershwin). Premiered in London.
- 1924 - Lady, Be Good! (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1925 - Tell Me More! (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and B. G. DeSylva)
- 1925 - Tip-Toes (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1925 - Song of the Flame (operetta, lyrics by Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II, and musical collaboration by Herbert Stothart)
- 1926 - Oh, Kay! (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Howard Dietz)
- Includes the famous song, "Someone to Watch Over Me"
- Revived in 1928 and 1990 (the latter with an all-Black cast)
- 1927 - Strike Up The Band (lyrics by Ira Gershwin). Premiered in Philadelphia.
- Revised and produced on Broadway in 1930
- 1927 - Funny Face (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1928 - Rosalie (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and P. G. Wodehouse, co-composed with Sigmund Romberg)
- 1928 - Treasure Girl (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1929 - Show Girl (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Gus Kahn)
- 1930 - Girl Crazy (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1931 - Of Thee I Sing (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for 1932 and was the first musical to win that award, although only Ira Gershwin and the bookwriters were awarded the Prize and not George Gershwin
- Revived in 1933 and 1952
- 1933 - Pardon My English (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1933 - Let 'Em Eat Cake (lyrics by Ira Gershwin), sequel to Of Thee I Sing
- 1935 - Porgy and Bess (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and DuBose Heyward)
- Revived on Broadway in 1942, 1943, 1953, 1976 (Houston Grand Opera winner of the Tony Award for Most Innovative Revival of a Musical), and 1983
[edit] Works featuring original Gershwin songs for shows by other composers
- 1916 - The Passing Show of 1916 - "The Making of a Girl" (co-composed with Sigmund Romberg, lyrics by Harold Atteridge); "My Runaway Girl" (lyrics by Murray Roth)
- 1918 - Hitchy-Koo of 1918 - "You-oo Just You" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1918 - Ladies First - "(The Real) American Folk Song (is a Rag)" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin); "Some Wonderful Sort of Someone" (lyrics by Schuyler Greene)
- 1918 - Half-Past Eight - "There's Magic in the Air" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin); "The Ten Commandments of Love", "Cupid" and "Hong Kong" (lyrics by Edward B. Perkins)
- 1919 - Good Morning, Judge - "I Was So Young (You Were So Beautiful)" (lyrics by Irving Caesar and Alfred Bryan); "There’s More to the Kiss than the X-X-X" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1919 - The Lady in Red - "Some Wonderful Sort of Someone" (lyrics by Schyler Greene); "Something about Love" (lyrics by Lou Paley)
- 1919 - Capitol Revue - "Come to the Moon" (lyrics by Lou Paley and Ned Wayburn); "Swanee" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1920 - Dere Mabel - "We’re Pals" (lyrics by Irving Caesar), first performed in Baltimore; "Back Home" and "I Don't Know Why (When I Dance with You)" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1920 - Ed Wynn's Carnival - "Oo, How I Love You To Be Loved by You" (lyrics by Lou Paley)
- 1920 - The Sweetheart Shop - "Waiting for the Sun to Come Out" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1920 - Sinbad - "Swanee" (lyrics by Irving Caesar). As performed by Al Jolson
- 1920 - Broadway Brevities of 1920 - "Lu Lu" and "Snowflakes" (lyrics by Arthur Jackson); "Spanish Love" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1920 - Piccadilly to Broadway (songs unpublished)
- 1921 - Blue Eyes (songs unpublished)
- 1921 - Selwyn's Snapshots of 1921 - "On the Brim of Her Old-Fashioned Bonnet", "The Baby Blues" and "Futuristic Melody" (lyrics by E. Ray Goetz, songs unpublished)
- 1921 - The Perfect Fool - "My Log-Cabin Home" (lyrics by Irving Caesar and Buddy De Sylva); "No One Else but that Girl of Mine" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1922 - The French Doll - "Do It Again!" (lyrics by Buddy De Sylva)
- 1922 - For Goodness Sake - "Someone" and "Tra-la-la" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1922 - Spice of 1922 - "The Yankee Doodle Blues" (lyrics by Irving Caesar and Buddy De Sylva)
- 1922 - The Dancing Girl - "That American Boy of Mine" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1923 - Little Miss Bluebeard - "I Won’t Say I Will, But I Won’t Say I Won’t" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Buddy De Sylva)
- 1923 - Nifties of 1923 - "At Half-Past Seven" (lyrics by Buddy De Sylva); "Nashville Nightingale" (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1926 - Americana - "That Lost Barber Shop Chord" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1930 - Nine-Fifteen Revue - "Toddlin' Along" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1936 - The Show Is On - "By Strauss" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin). Revived in 1937
[edit] Works interpolating Gershwin songs posthumously
- 1953 - At Home With Ethel Waters - "Oh, Lady be Good!"
- 1956 - Mr. Wonderful, starring Sammy Davis Jr.
- 1967 - "I Got Rhythm" a hit single for pop vocal group The Happenings
- 1983 - My One And Only - an adaptation of the music from Funny Face
- 1986 - Uptown...It's Hot! - "Oh, Lady be Good!"
- 1992 - Crazy For You - musical adapting George and Ira Gershwin Tin Pan Alley and Broadway songs
- Awarded the Tony Award for Best Musical
- 1999 - The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm - revue with songs by George and Ira Gershwin
- 2001 - George Gershwin Alone - one-man play by Hershey Felder, who portrayed Gershwin, incorporating "Swanee" from Sinbad (lyrics by Irving Caesar), "Embraceable You" from Girl Crazy (lyrics by Ira Gershwin), "Someone to Watch Over Me" from Oh, Kay! (lyrics by Ira Gershwin), "Bess, You is My Woman Now" from Porgy and Bess (lyrics by DuBose Heyward and Ira Gershwin), An American in Paris and Rhapsody in Blue.
- 2002 - Elaine Stritch at Liberty - But Not For Me
- 2002 - Back From Broadway - one-time concert featuring songs by George Gershwin
[edit] Miscellaneous songs
- 1916 - When You Want ’Em, You Can’t Get ’Em (When You’ve Got ’Em, You Don’t Want ’Em) (lyrics by Murray Roth)
- 1917 - Beautiful Bird (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Lou Paley)
- 1917 - When There's a Chance To Dance (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1918 - Gush-Gush-Gushing (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1918 - When the Armies Disband (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1918 - Good Little Tune (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1919 - The Love of a Wife (lyrics by Arthur Jackson and B. G. DeSylva)
- 1919 - O Land of Mine, America (lyrics by Michael E. Rourke). A national anthem submittion for a New York American competition offering five thousand dollars to the winner. Gershwin received the lowest prize of fifty dollars.
- 1920 - Yan-Kee (lyrics by Irving Caesar)
- 1921 - Phoebe (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Lou Paley)
- 1921 - Something Peculiar (lyrics by Ira Gershwin and Lou Paley)
- 1921 - Dixie Rose (lyrics by Irving Caesar and B. G. DeSylva)
- 1921 - In the Heart of a Geisha (lyrics by Fred Fisher)
- 1921 - Swanee Rose (lyrics by Irving Caesar and B. G. DeSylva)
- 1921 - Tomale (I’m Hot for You) (lyrics by B. G. DeSylva)
- c.1921 - Molly-on-the-Shore (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- c.1921 - Mischa, Yascha, Toscha, Sascha (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- This is Gershwin's only finished work based on a Jewish theme, and the title is a reference to the first names of four Jewish-Russian violinists, Mischa Elman, Jascha Heifetz, Toscha Seidel and Sascha Jacobsen.
- 1922 - The Flapper (co-composed with William Daly, lyrics by B. G. DeSylva)
- 1925 - Harlem River Chanty and It’s a great little world! (lyrics by Ira Gershwin, originally composed for Tip-Toes on Broadway but not used)
- 1925 - Murderous Monty (and Light-Fingered Jane) (lyrics by Desmond Carter, composed for London production of Tell Me More.)
- 1926 - I’d rather charleston (lyrics by Desmond Carter, composed for London production of Lady Be Good.)
- 1928 - Beautiful gypsy and Rosalie (originally composed for Rosalie on Broadway, but not used)
- 1929 - Feeling Sentimental (originally composed for Show Girl on Broadway, but not used)
- 1929 - In the Mandarin’s Orchid Garden
- 1932 - You’ve got what gets me (composed for the first film version of Girl Crazy.
- 1933 - Till Then
- 1936 - King of Swing (lyrics by Al Stillman)
- 1936 - Strike up the band for U.C.L.A (to the same music as the song Strike Up The Band)
- 1937 - Hi-Ho! (lyrics by Ira Gershwin, originally composed for Shall We Dance, but not used)
- 1938 - Just Another Rhumba (lyrics by Ira Gershwin, originally composed for The Goldwyn Follies, but not used)
- 1938 - Dawn of a New Day
[edit] Musical films
- 1923 - The Sunshine Trail - theme song of same title (lyrics by Ira Gershwin), as well as accompaniment music for silent film
- 1931 - Delicious (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1937 - Shall We Dance (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1937 - A Damsel in Distress (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- 1938 - Goldwyn Follies (lyrics by Ira Gershwin)
- Gershwin died during the filming. Vernon Duke completed and adapted Gerhwin's songs, and composed some additional ones.
- 1947 - The Shocking Miss Pilgrim (Kay Swift adapted a number of unpublished Gershwin melodies and Ira Gershwin wrote the lyrics.)
- 1964 - Kiss Me, Stupid (adaptations of unpublished Gershwin songs with lyrics by Ira Gershwin.)
[edit] Commercial works on piano
- 1917 - Rialto Ripples - A rag in collaboration with Will Donaldson
- early 1920s - Three-Quarter Blues (Irish Waltz)
- 1926 - Swiss Miss (arrangement of a song from Lady Be Good)
- 1928 - Merry Andrew (arrangement of a dance piece from Rosalie)
- 1932 - George Gershwin’s Song-Book (arrangements of refrains from Gershwin songs)
