List of birds of Costa Rica

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Male Resplendent Quetzal
Male Resplendent Quetzal

Although Costa Rica is a small country, it is in the bird-rich neotropical region and has a huge number of species for its area. 894 bird species have been recorded in the country (including Cocos Island), more than in all of the United States and Canada combined. Of those species, seven are endemic and 19 are globally threatened. The Official List of the Asociación Ornitológica de Costa Rica contains 857 species.

About 600 species are resident, with most of the other regular visitors being winter migrants from North America.

Part of the diversity stems from the wide array of habitats, which include mangrove swamps along the Pacific coast, the wet Caribbean coastal plain in the northeast, dry northern Pacific lowlands, and multiple mountain chains that form the spine of the country and rise as high as 3,500m. These mountain chains, the largest of which is the Cordillera de Talamanca, form a geographical barrier that has enabled closely related but different species to develop on either side of the chain. A good example of this speciation is the White-collared Manakin of the Caribbean side, which is now distinct from the Orange-collared Manakin of the Pacific slope.

In the past, higher sea levels left the mountains as highlands, and isolation again led to distinct species developing, with over thirty now endemic to the mountains, especially the Talamanca range which extends from southern Costa Rica into Panama.

Costa Rica's national bird is the ubiquitous Clay-colored Robin.

Contents

[edit] Tinamidae

[edit] Podicipedidae

[edit] Diomedeidae

[edit] Procellariidae

[edit] Hydrobatidae

  • Wilson's Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus
  • White-vented Storm-Petrel Oceanites gracilis Data deficient
  • White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina Rare/Accidental
  • Least Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma microsoma
  • Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tethys
  • Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma castro Rare/Accidental
  • Leach's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa
  • Markham's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma markhami Rare/Accidental Data deficient
  • Black Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma melania

[edit] Phaethontidae

[edit] Pelecanidae

[edit] Sulidae

[edit] Phalacrocoracidae

[edit] Anhingidae

[edit] Fregatidae

Adult Yellow-crowned Night Heron
Adult Yellow-crowned Night Heron

[edit] Ardeidae

Wood Stork
Wood Stork

[edit] Ciconiidae

[edit] Threskiornithidae

Black-bellied Whistling Duck
Black-bellied Whistling Duck

[edit] Anatidae

American Black Vulture
American Black Vulture

[edit] Cathartidae

[edit] Pandionidae

[edit] Accipitridae

[edit] Falconidae

Grey-headed Chachalaca
Grey-headed Chachalaca

[edit] Cracidae

[edit] Odontophoridae

  • Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge Dendrortyx leucophrys
  • Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus
  • Marbled Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis
  • Black-eared Wood-Quail Odontophorus melanotis
  • Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail Odontophorus erythrops
  • Black-breasted Wood-Quail Odontophorus leucolaemus
  • Spotted Wood-Quail Odontophorus guttatus
  • Tawny-faced Quail Rhynchortyx cinctus

[edit] Aramidae

Sora , winter visitor
Sora , winter visitor

[edit] Rallidae

  • Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii Rare/Accidental
  • Ruddy Crake Laterallus ruber Rare/Accidental
  • White-throated Crake Laterallus albigularis
  • Gray-breasted Crake Laterallus exilis
  • Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis
  • Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris
  • Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea
  • Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor
  • Sora Porzana carolina
  • Yellow-breasted Crake Porzana flaviventer
  • Paint-billed Crake Neocrex erythrops Rare/Accidental
  • Spotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus
  • Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
  • Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
  • American Coot Fulica americana

[edit] Heliornithidae

[edit] Eurypygidae

[edit] Jacanidae

[edit] Haematopodidae

Black-necked Stilt
Black-necked Stilt

[edit] Recurvirostridae

[edit] Burhinidae

[edit] Charadriidae

Spotted Sandpiper , winter visitor
Spotted Sandpiper , winter visitor

[edit] Scolopacidae

[edit] Stercorariidae

[edit] Laridae

[edit] Sternidae

[edit] Rhynchopidae

[edit] Columbidae

Scarlet Macaw
Scarlet Macaw

[edit] Psittacidae

[edit] Cuculidae

[edit] Tytonidae

[edit] Strigidae

  • Western Screech-Owl Megascops kennicottii
  • Pacific Screech-Owl Megascops cooperi
  • Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba
  • Bare-shanked Screech-Owl Megascops clarkii
  • Guatemalan Screech-Owl Megascops guatemalae
  • Vermiculated Screech-Owl Megascops vermiculatus
  • Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus
  • Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata
  • Black-and-white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata
  • Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata
  • Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata'
  • Costa Rican Pygmy Owl Glaucidium costaricanum
  • Central American Pygmy Owl Glaucidium griseiceps
  • Ferruginous Pygmy Owl Glaucidium brasilianum
  • Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Rare/Accidental
  • Unspotted Saw-whet Owl Aegolius ridgwayi
  • Striped Owl Pseudoscops clamator
  • Stygian Owl Asio stygius Rare/Accidental
  • Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus Rare/Accidental

[edit] Steatornithidae

  • Oilbird Steatornis caripensis Rare/Accidental

[edit] Nyctibiidae

[edit] Caprimulgidae

  • Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus
  • Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis
  • Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor
  • Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis
  • Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
  • Chuck-will's-widow Caprimulgus carolinensis
  • Rufous Nightjar Caprimulgus rufus
  • Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus Rare/Accidental
  • Dusky Nightjar Caprimulgus saturatus
  • White-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus cayennensis

[edit] Apodidae

Female Gray-tailed Mountain-gem
Female Gray-tailed Mountain-gem

[edit] Trochilidae

Slaty-tailed Trogon

[edit] Trogonidae

[edit] Alcedinidae

Blue-crowned Motmot
Blue-crowned Motmot

[edit] Momotidae

[edit] Galbulidae

[edit] Bucconidae

  • White-necked Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchos
  • Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus
  • White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis
  • Lanceolated Monklet Micromonacha lanceolata
  • White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus

[edit] Capitonidae

Chestnut-mandibled Toucan
Chestnut-mandibled Toucan

[edit] Ramphastidae

[edit] Picidae

[edit] Furnariidae

  • Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens
  • Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura
  • Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops
  • Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens
  • Ruddy Treerunner Margarornis rubiginosus
  • Plain Xenops Xenops minutus
  • Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans
  • Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps
  • Buffy Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes lawrencii
  • Streak-breasted Treehunter Thripadectes rufobrunneus
  • Lineated Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla subalaris
  • Striped Woodhaunter Hyloctistes subulatus
  • Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufus
  • Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus
  • Ruddy Foliage-gleaner Automolus rubiginosus
  • Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus
  • Gray-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus albigularis
  • Scaly-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus guatemalensis

[edit] Dendrocolaptidae

[edit] Thamnophilidae

  • Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus
  • Great Antshrike Taraba major
  • Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus
  • Black-hooded Antshrike Thamnophilus bridgesi
  • Western Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha
  • Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus
  • Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis
  • Streak-crowned Antvireo Dysithamnus striaticeps
  • Spot-crowned Antvireo Dysithamnus puncticeps
  • Checker-throated Antwren Myrmotherula fulviventris
  • White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris
  • Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor
  • Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis
  • Rufous-rumped Antwren Terenura callinota
  • Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina
  • Bare-crowned Antbird Gymnocichla nudiceps
  • Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul
  • Dull-mantled Antbird Myrmeciza laemosticta
  • Immaculate Antbird Myrmeciza immaculata
  • Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys leucaspis
  • Wing-banded Antbird Myrmornis torquata
  • Spotted Antbird Hylophylax naevioides
  • Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani

[edit] Formicariidae

  • Black-headed Antthrush Formicarius nigricapillus
  • Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis
  • Rufous-breasted Antthrush Formicarius rufipectus
  • Black-crowned Antpitta Pittasoma michleri
  • Scaled Antpitta Grallaria guatimalensis
  • Streak-chested Antpitta Hylopezus perspicillatus
  • Fulvous-bellied Antpitta Hylopezus dives
  • Ochre-breasted Antpitta Grallaricula flavirostris

[edit] Rhinocryptidae

  • Silvery-fronted Tapaculo Scytalopus argentifrons

[edit] Cotingidae

  • Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus
  • Rufous Piha Lipaugus unirufus
  • Lovely Cotinga Cotinga amabilis
  • Turquoise Cotinga Cotinga ridgwayi Vulnerable
  • Yellow-billed Cotinga Carpodectes antoniae Endangered
  • Snowy Cotinga Carpodectes nitidus
  • Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata
  • Bare-necked Umbrellabird Cephalopterus glabricollis Vulnerable
  • Three-wattled Bellbird Procnias tricarunculata Vulnerable

[edit] Pipridae

Great Kiskadee
Great Kiskadee

[edit] Tyrannidae

[edit] Hirundinidae

[edit] Ptilogonatidae

[edit] Bombycillidae

[edit] Cinclidae

Rock Wren
Rock Wren

[edit] Troglodytidae

  • Band-backed Wren Campylorhynchus zonatus
  • Rufous-naped Wren Campylorhynchus rufinucha
  • Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus
  • Black-throated Wren Thryothorus atrogularis
  • Black-bellied Wren Thryothorus fasciatoventris
  • Spot-breasted Wren Thryothorus maculipectus
  • Rufous-breasted Wren Thryothorus rutilus'
  • Riverside Wren Thryothorus semibadius
  • Bay Wren Thryothorus nigricapillus
  • Stripe-breasted Wren Thryothorus thoracicus
  • Banded Wren Thryothorus pleurostictus
  • Rufous-and-white Wren Thryothorus rufalbus
  • Plain Wren Thryothorus modestus
  • House Wren Troglodytes aedon
  • Ochraceous Wren Troglodytes ochraceus
  • Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis
  • Timberline Wren Thryorchilus browni
  • White-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta
  • Gray-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucophrys
  • Nightingale Wren Microcerculus philomela
  • Scaly-breasted Wren Microcerculus marginatus
  • Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus

[edit] Mimidae

[edit] Turdidae

[edit] Polioptilidae

Brown Jay
Brown Jay

[edit] Corvidae

  • White-throated Magpie-Jay Calocitta formosa
  • Black-chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis
  • Brown Jay Cyanocorax morio
  • Azure-hooded Jay Cyanolyca cucullata
  • Silvery-throated Jay Cyanolyca argentigula

[edit] Vireonidae

[edit] Parulidae

[edit] Coerebidae

Green Honeycreeper
Green Honeycreeper

[edit] Thraupidae

[edit] Emberizidae

[edit] Cardinalidae

Giant Cowbird
Giant Cowbird

[edit] Icteridae

[edit] Fringillidae

[edit] Passeridae

[edit] Reference

  • Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists - Martin Collinson, British Birds vol 99 (June 2006), 306-323

[edit] External links

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