List of atmospheric radiative transfer codes
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List of atmospheric radiative transfer codes - this article contains list of atmospheric radiative transfer codes and their applications.
Contents |
[edit] Classification
The compilation contains information about the atmospheric radiative transfer, relevant databases, and atmospheric radiation parameterizations. Public domain codes are grouped seperately from commercial codes. The codes are classified accordingly to several criteria:
- Solver method: (a) numerical discretization of the radiative transfer equation(examples incude discrete ordinate method, Monte Carlo method, or adding and doubling metod), (b) geometry (e.g. plane parallel or three dimensional)
- Properties of the atmosphere such as: (a) single scattering properties of cloud droplets, ice crystals, aerosols; (b) scattering and absorbing properties of air molecules
- Characterization of boundary conditions (e.g. bidirectional reflectance distribution function, albedo)
- Type of output (e.g. irradiance or radiance)
[edit] Public molecular absorption databases
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| HITRAN [[1]] | Rothman et al. (2005) | HITRAN is a compilation of spectroscopic parameters that a variety of computer codes use to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in the atmosphere. The original version was created at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (1960's). |
[edit] Public line by line codes
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LBLRTM [[2]], [[3]] | Atmospheric and Environmental Research | Line By Line Radiative Transfer Model | |
| GENLN2 [[4]] | Edwards (1992); Edwards (1987) | Edwards line-by-line atmospheric transmission/radiance model |
FASCODE is another notable line by line code which uses HITRAN.
[edit] Public band transmission models
Band transmission models are used to estimate radiative fluxes (for example solar and infrared) of radiance and irradiance at the Earth's surface and in the free atmosphere. The are used, among other things, to estimate amount of incomming solar energy.
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SPCTRAL2 | Bird and Riordan (1984) | Transmission model | Simple, spectral irradiance model that produces terrestrial spectra between 0.3 and 4.0 µm with a resolution of approximately 10 nm. Inputs to the model include the solar zenith angle, the collector tilt angle, atmospheric turbidity, the amount of precipitable water vapor and ozone, surface pressure, and ground albedo. |
| Gregg and Carder (1990) | Transmission model | Calculates spectral transmission of the visible solar radiation between 300-700nm. Takes to account Rayleigh scattering, ozone, oxygen, and marine aerosol scattering and absorption. | |
| MODTRAN | Berk et al. (1998) | Transmission model with multiple scattering DISORT option | The Moderate Resolution Transmittance MODTRAN Code calculates atmospheric transmittance and radiance for frequencies from 0 to 50,000 cm-1 at moderate spectral resolution, primarily 2 cm-1 (20 cm-1 in the UV). The original development of MODTRAN was driven by a need for higher spectral resolution and greater accuracy than that provided by the LOWTRAN series of band model algorithms. Except for its molecular band model parameterization, MODTRAN adopts all the LOWTRAN 7 capabilities, including spherical refractive geometry, solar and lunar source functions, and scattering (Rayleigh, Mie, single and multiple), and default profiles (gases, aerosols, clouds, fogs, and rain). |
| 6S [[7]] | Vermote, et al. (1997) | Transmission model | The 6S (Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) was developed by the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique. The code permits calculations of near-nadir (down-looking) aircraft observations, non lambertian surface conditions, absorbing gases, Rayleigh scattering, and aerosol scattering effects. The spectral resolution is 2.5 nm.
There is also a Landsat 7 ETM+ adapted version at [[8]] Vector (polarized radiative transfer) is available from [[9]] |
Other transmission band codes include LOWTRAN (Kneizs et al., 1983) which is now obsolete, Moderate Spectral Atmospheric Radiance and Transfer (MOSART), SMAC (Rahman and Dedieu, 1994) a Simplified Method for the Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Measurements in the Solar Spectrum , and LidarPC.
[edit] Public multiple scattering plane-parallel
The Column Radiation Model, or CRM, is a standalone version of the radiation model used in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM).
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SBDART
[[10]] |
Paul Ricchiazzi, Shiren Yang, and Catherine Gautier | Plane parallel | SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer) is a FORTRAN computer code designed for the analysis of a wide variety of radiative transfer problems encountered in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric energy budget studies. |
| Fu-Liou [[11]], [[12]] | Fu | Plane parallel | 2 and 4 stream radiative transfer solver
|
| DISORT | Stamnes, Tsay, Wiscombe (Stamnes et al. 1988; Thomas and Stamnes, 1999) | Discrete ordinate, plane-parallel | N-stream plane parallel code. |
| STREAMER[[13]] | J. Key (Key and Schweiger, 1998) | Based on DISORT | Streamer is a radiative transfer model that can be used for computing either radiances (intensities) or irradiances (fluxes) for a wide variety of atmospheric and surface conditions. |
| FluxNet [[14]] | J. Key | Neural networks | FluxNet is the neural network version of Streamer based on radiative transfer equations. Given a set of input data consisting of surface, cloud, and atmospheric characteristics, FluxNet calculates upwelling and downwelling surface flux in either shortwave or longwave. While it is not as flexible as Streamer, FluxNet is faster by two to four orders of magnitude, making it ideal for large batch jobs and image processing. |
| SHDOMPP [[15]]; SHDOMPPDA | Evans (2006) | SHDOMPP is the plane-parallel version of SHDOM. SHDOMPPDA is a version of SHDOMPP for data assimilation. SHDOMPPDA includes forward, tangent linear, and adjoint models of SHDOMPP packaged in a Fortran 90 module with a easy to use interface. | |
| CRM [[16]] | The Column Radiation Model, or CRM, is a standalone version of the radiation model used in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM). | ||
| libRadtran [[17]] | B. Mayer, U. Hamann, A. Kylling (Mayer and Kylling, 2005) | The libRadtran software package is a suite of tools for radiative transfer calculations in the Earth's atmosphere. It may be used to compute radiances, irradiances and actinic fluxes in the solar and terrestrial part of the spectrum. |
Other notable codes include adding ATRAD, adding and doubling code written by W. Wiscombe, T. Nakajima's University of Tokyo code, CLIRAD_LW code by M. D. Chou, and PolRadTran - a plane-parallel fully-polarized atmospheric radiative transfer model of F. Evans. StarNEURO written Schwander, et al. (2001) combines the radiative transfer model with the technique of neural networks. SHARM (Lyapustin, 2005) is a 1D RT model.
[edit] Pubic multiple-scattering, three-dimensional
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SHDOM [[18]] | F. Evans | Spherical harmonics | This program computes unpolarized monochromatic or spectral band radiative transfer in a one, two, or three-dimensional medium for either collimated solar and/or thermal emission sources of radiation. The properties of the medium can be specified completely generally, i.e. the extinction, single scattering albedo, Legendre coefficients of the scattering phase function, and temperature for the particular wavelength or spectral band may be specified at each input grid point. Radiances at any angle, hemispheric fluxes, net fluxes, mean radiances, and net flux convergence (related to heating rates) may be output anywhere in the domain. |
Other codes include Jeff Haferman DOM and VDOM, Andrea Macke mc-layer, and Monte-Carlo code MCLM by Lihong et al.
[edit] Public ocean-atmosphere RT codes
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| COART [[19]] | Zhonghai Jin | Discrete ordinates | The coupled Ocean Atmosphere Radiative Transfer (COART) model can be applied to radiative transfer problems in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system. |
Other code is FEMRAD, finite element method.
[edit] Public vector (polarization) codes
| Name | Author | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6SV1 [[20]] | Kotchenova (2006, 2007) | Transmission model | 6SV1 (Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, Vector, version 1) is a basic RT code used for calculation of look-up tables in the MODIS atmospheric correction algorithm. It enables accurate simulations of satellite and plane observations, accounting for elevated targets, use of anisotropic and Lambertian surfaces, and calculation of gaseous absorption. The code is based on the vector method of successive orders of scattering (SOS) approximations. The effects of polarization are included through the calculation of four components of the Stokes vector.
[[21]] Vector (polarized radiative transfer) is available from [[22]] |
[edit] Commercial software and companies
- Ontar is a reseller of atmospheric transmission codes.
- Hydrolight [[23]] is a code written by C. Mobley (1994) and sold by Sequoia Scientific. The HYDROLIGHT radiative transfer numerical model computes radiance distributions and related quantities (irradiances, reflectances, diffuse attenuation functions, etc.) in the ocean.
- GENSPECT, [[24]] from Spectral solutions online is a line-by-line radiative transfer toolbox to calculate gas absorption and emissivity, emission and transmission for a wide range of atmospheric gases from the near UV to the far IR.
[edit] History
This compilation was originally (at the beginning of 2000's) known as RTELIB and was maintained by Piotr J. Flatau at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
[edit] References
[edit] Books
In this subsection we list only books which, besides general content, specifically document available radiative transfer codes. For more complete list of atmospheric radiative transfer related books see an article on atmospheric radiative transfer codes. Mobley (1994) documents in great detail Hydrolight code which is used mostly in ocean optics applications. Thomas and Stamnes (1999) describes DISORT code.
- Mobley, Curtis D., Light and water : radiative transfer in natural waters; based in part on collaborations with Rudolph W. Preisendorfer, San Diego, Academic Press, 1994, 592 p., ISBN 0125027508
- Thomas, Gary E.and Knut Stamnes, Radiative transfer in the atmosphere and ocean, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1999, 517 p., ISBN 0521401240.
[edit] Original papers and reports
Original papers and reports documenting available atmospheric radiative transfer codes.
- Berk, A., Bernstein, L.S., Anderson, G.P., Acharya, P.K., Robertson, D.C., Chetwynd, J.H., Adler-Golden, S. M. , MODTRAN cloud and multiple scattering upgrades with application to AVIRIS, Remote Sensing of Envionment, 65 (3): 367-375 Sep. 1998
- Bird, R.E., and C. Riordan, Simple Solar Spectral Model for Direct and Diffuse Irradiance on Horizontal and Tilted Planes at the Earth's Surface for Cloudless Atmospheres, Technical Report No. SERI/TR-215-2436, Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute, 1984
- Edwards, D. P. (1992), GENLN2: A general line-by-line atmospheric transmittance and radiance model, Version 3.0 description and users guide, NCAR/TN-367-STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Co.
- Edwards, D. P. (1987), GENLN2: The new Oxford line-by-line atmospheric transmission/radiance model, Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Memorandum 87.2, University of Oxford, UK.
- Evans, K. Franklin, SHDOMPPDA: A Radiative Transfer Model for Cloudy Sky Data Assimilation, 2007, Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, in press
- Gregg, W. W. and Carder, K. L., A simple spectral solar irradiance model for cloudless maritime atmospheres, Limnol. Oceanogr. 35 1657-1675 , (1990)[[25]]
- Key, J. and A.J. Schweiger, 1998, Tools for atmospheric radiative transfer: Streamer and FluxNet, Computers & Geosciences, 24(5), 443-451.
- Kneizys, F.X., E.P. Shettle, W.O. Gallery, J.H. Chetwynd, L.W., Abreu, J.E.A. Selby, S.A. Clough and R.W. Fenn, "Atmospheric transmittance/radiance: computer code LOWTRAN 6", Air Force Geophysics Laboratroy, Report AFGL-TR-83-0187, Hanscom AFB, MA. 1983.
- Kotchenova, S. Y., E. F. Vermote, R. Matarrese, & F. J. Klemm, Jr., Validation of a vector version of the 6S radiative transfer code for atmospheric correction of satellite data. Part I: Path radiance, Appl. Opt. 45(26), 6762-6774 (2006).
- Kotchenova S. Y., & E. F. Vermote, Validation of a vector version of the 6S radiative transfer code for atmospheric correction of satellite data. Part II: Homogeneous Lambertian and anisotropic surfaces, Appl. Opt. in press (2007).
- Lyapustin, A. I., Radiative transfer code SHARM for atmospheric and terrestrial applications, Appl. Opt. 44, 7764-7772, 2005.
- Mayer, B. and A. Kylling, Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations - description and examples of use, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1855-1877, 2005
- Rothman L.S., Jacquemart D., Barbe A., Benner D.C., Birk M., Brown L.R., Carleer M.R., Chackerian C., Chance K., Coudert L.H., Dana V., Devi V.M., Flaud J.M., Gamache R.R., Goldman A., Hartmann J.M., Jucks K.W., Maki A.G., Mandin J.Y., Massie S.T., Orphal J., Perrin A., Rinsland C.P., Smith M.A.H., Tennyson J., Tolchenov R.N., Toth R.A., Vander Auwera J., Varanasi P., Wagner G., The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database Source: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 96 (2): 139-204 DEC 1 2005
- Schwander, H., A. Kaifel, A. Ruggaber, and P. Koepke, Spectral radiative transfer modelling with minimized computation time using neural network technique., Appl. Opt., Vol. 40, No. 3, p. 331-335, 2001.
- Stamnes, K., S. Tsay, W. Wiscombe and K. Jayaweera, 1988: Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media. Appl. Opt., 27, 2502-2509.
- Vermote, E.F., Tanre, D., Deuze, J.L., Herman, M., Morcrette, J.J., Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, 6S: An overview, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 35 (3): 675-686 May 1997.
