List of apple diseases

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This article is a list of diseases of apples (Malus × domestica).

Contents

[edit] Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases
Blister spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans
Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Fire blight Erwinia amylovora
Hairy root Agrobacterium rhizogenes

[edit] Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases
Alternaria blotch Alternaria mali = A. alternata apple pathotype
Alternaria rot Alternaria alternata
American brown rot Monilinia fructicola
Anthracnose canker and bull's-eye rot Pezicula malicorticis

Cryptosporiopsis curvispora [anamorph]
Apple scab Venturia inaequalis

Spilocaea pomi [anamorph]
Apple ring rot and canker Botryosphaeria berengeriana = Physalospora
Armillaria root rot = shoestring root rot Armillaria mellea
Bitter rot Glomerella cingulata

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [anamorph]
C. acutatum
Black pox Helminthosporium papulosum
Black root rot Xylaria mali

X. polymorpha
Black rot, frogeye leafspot and canker Botryosphaeria obtusa

Sphaeropsis malorum [anamorph]
Blister canker = nailhead canker Biscogniauxia marginata = Nummularia discreta
Blue mold Penicillium spp.

P. expansum
Brooks fruit spot Mycosphaerella pomi

Cylindrosporium pomi [anamorph]
Brown rot blossom blight and spur infection Monilinia laxa
Calyx-end rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Clitocybe root rot Armillaria tabescens = Clitocybe tabescens
Diaporthe canker* Diaporthe tanakae

Phomopsis tanakae [anamorph]
Diplodia canker Botryosphaeria stevensii = Physalospora malorum

Diplodia mutila [anamorph]
European brown rot Monilinia fructigena

Monilia fructigena [anamorph]
Monilinia laxa
Fisheye rot Butlerelfia eustacei = Corticium centrifugum
Flyspeck Schizothyrium pomi

Zygophiala jamaicensis [anamorph]
Fruit blotch, leaf spot and twig canker Phyllosticta solitaria
Glomerella leaf spot Glomerella cingulata

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [anamorph]
Gray mold rot = dry eye rot, blossom-end rot Botrytis cinerea

Botryotinia fuckeliana [teleomorph]
Leptosphaeria canker and fruit rot Diapleella coniothyrium = Leptosphaeria coniothyrium

Coniothyrium fuckelii [anamorph]
Leucostoma canker and dieback Leucostoma cincta

Cytospora cincta [anamorph]
Valsa auerswaldii = Leucostoma auerswaldii
Cytospora personata [anamorph]
Marssonina blotch Diplocarpon mali

Marssonina coronaria [anamorph]
Moldy core and core rot Alternaria spp.

Cladosporium spp.
Coniothyrium sp.
Epicoccum spp.
Pleospora herbarum
Stemphylium spp.
Ulocladium spp.
Monilia leaf blight Monilinia mali

Monilia sp. [anamorph]
Monochaetia twig canker Seiridium unicorne = Monochaetia mali

Lepteutypa cupressi [teleomorph]
Mucor rot Mucor spp.

M. piriformis
Nectria canker Nectria galligena

Cylindrocarpon heteronemum [anamorph]
Nectria twig blight = coral spot Nectria cinnabarina

Tubercularia vulgaris [anamorph]
Peniophora root canker Peniophora sacrata
Perennial canker Neofabrae perennans

Cryptosporiopsis perennans [anamorph]
Phomopsis canker, fruit decay and rough bark Phomopsis mali

Diaporthe perniciosa [teleomorph]
Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot Phymatotrichopsis omnivora = Phymatotrichum omnivorum
Phytophthora crown, collar and root rot = sprinkler rot Phytophthora spp.

P. cactorum
P. cambivora
P. cryptogea
P. megasperma
P. syringae
Phytophthora fruit rot Phytophthora cactorum

P. syringae
Pink mold rot Trichothecium roseum = Cephalothecium roseum
Powdery mildew Podosphaera leucotricha
Rosellinia root rot = Dematophora root rot Rosellinia necatrix

Dematophora necatrix [anamorph]
Rusts
American hawthorne rust Gymnosporangium globosum
Cedar apple rust Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
Japanese apple rust Gymnosporangium yamadae
Pacific Coast pear rust Gymnosporangium libocedri
Quince rust Gymnosporangium clavipes
...
Side rot Phialophora malorum
Silver leaf Chondrostereum purpureum
Sooty blotch complex Peltaster fructicola

Geastrumia polystigmatis
Leptodontium elatius
Gloeodes pomigena
Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii

Athelia rolfsii [teleomorph]
Thread blight = Hypochnus leaf blight Corticium stevensii = Pellicularia koleroga = Hypochnus ochroleucus
Valsa canker Valsa ceratosperma

Cytospora sacculus [anamorph]
Violet root rot Helicobasidium mompa
White root rot Scytinostroma galactinum = Corticium galactinum
White rot Botryosphaeria dothidea

Fusicoccum aesculi [anamorph]
X-spot = Nigrospora spot Nigrospora oryzae
Zonate leaf spot Cristulariella moricola

Grovesinia pyramidalis [teleomorph]

[edit] Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic
Dagger nematode Xiphinema americanum

X. rivesi
X. vuittenezi
Lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp.

P. penetrans
Pin nematode Paratylenchus spp.
Ring nematode Criconemella spp.
Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.

[edit] Viral diseases

Viral diseases
Apple chlorotic leafspot genus Trichovirus, Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV)
Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa) Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) (? not US/CAN)
Apple flat apple genus Nepovirus, Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV)
Apple mosaic genus Ilarvirus, Apple mosaic virus (ApMV)

genus Ilarvirus, Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV)
Apple stem grooving = Apple decline of Virginia crab genus Capillovirus, Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV)
Apple stem pitting = apple Spy 227 epinasty and decline Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV)
Apple union necrosis and decline genus Nepovirus, Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)

[edit] Viroid diseases

Viroid diseases
Apple blister bark (‘Delicious’) Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd)
Apple dimple fruit Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd)
Apple fruit crinkle Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) (Japan)
Apple scar skin = apple dapple, apple sabi-ka, apple bumpy fruit Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd)

[edit] Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases

Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases
Dead spur GTP, unidentified
False sting GTP, virus suspected
Green crinkle GTP, virus suspected
Rough skin GTP, virus suspected
Star crack GTP, virus suspected

[edit] Phytoplasmal diseases

Phytoplasmal diseases
Apple chat fruit Phytoplasma suspected
Apple decline Phytoplasma suspected
Apple proliferation Phytoplasma
Rubbery wood Phytoplasma suspected

[edit] Miscellaneous diseases and disorders

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
Bitter pit Localized calcium deficiency
Blossom blast Boron deficiency
Burrknot Genetically predisposed rootstock
Fruit cracking Genetic
Fruit russet Frost, sprays, etc.
Green mottle Unidentified
Hollow apple High temperature
Internal bark necrosis = measles Low pH and mineral nutrient imbalance
Internal browning Boron and calcium deficiencies, etc.
Jonathan spot Reduced by controlled atmosphere storage
Narrow leaf Genetic
Necrotic leaf blotch of ‘Golden Delicious’ Rapid synthesis of gibberellins triggered by environmental factors
Storage scald Injury to fruit surfaces by naturally occurring gases produced by the fruit
Sunburn Sun injury to fruit
Sunscald Freezing of bark following high temperatures in winter
Water core Sorbitol accumulation

[edit] References

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