List of United States federal executive orders

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The following is an incomplete list of United States federal executive orders.

At the federal level of government in the United States, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation. Such legislation originates as an Act of Congress passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress); such acts were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.

However, legislation is not the only source of regulations which have the force of law. There is also judge-made common law and constitutional law. The President can issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters of foreign policy.

Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department began numbering executive orders in the early 1900s, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1862.

Contents

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

[edit] 1800s

[edit] 1900-1959

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) EO's 6071-9537

Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) EO's 9538-10431

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) EO's 10432-10913


John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) EO's 10914-11127

[edit] 1960s

  • 1961: Executive Order 10925: Created the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission
  • 1962: Executive Order 11051: Specifies the duties and responsibilities of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put ALL executive orders into effect in times deemed to be of increased international tension, economic crisis, and/or financial crisis

Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) EO's 11128-11451

  • 1965: Executive Order 11246: Prohibited discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
  • 1966: Executive Order 11310: Grants authority to the Department of Justice to enforce the plans set out in Executive Orders, to institute industrial support, to establish judicial and legislative liaison, to control all aliens, to operate penal and correctional institutions, and to advise and assist the President

Richard Nixon (1969-1974) EO's 11452-11797

  • 1969: Executive Order 11478: Prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, or age in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce, which includes civilians employed by the armed forces and by federal contractors and contractors performing under federally assisted construction contracts. See full text of Executive Order 11478. Some categories were added by Executive Order 12106 in 1978.

Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977) EO's 11798-11966

[edit] 1970s

  • 1976: Executive Order 11921: allows the Federal Emergency Preparedness Agency to develop plans to establish control over the mechanisms of production and distribution, of energy sources, wages, salaries, credit and the flow of money in U.S. financial institution in any undefined national emergency. It also provides that when a state of emergency is declared by the President, Congress cannot review the action for six months. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has broad powers in every aspect of the nation. General Frank Salzedo, chief of FEMA's Civil Security Division stated in a 1983 conference that he saw FEMA's role as a "new frontier in the protection of individual and governmental leaders from assassination, and of civil and military installations from sabotage and/or attack, as well as prevention of dissident groups from gaining access to U.S. opinion, or a global audience in times of crisis." FEMA's powers were consolidated by President Carter to incorporate the...

Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) EO's 11967-12286

Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) EO's 12287-12667

[edit] 1980s

  • 1981: Executive Order 12333: Strengthened management of the United States intelligence community
  • 1988: Executive Order 12656: Assigmment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities

George Bush (1989-1993) EO's 12668-12833

[edit] 1990s

William J. Clinton (1993-2001) EO's 12834-13197

[edit] 2000s

George W. Bush (2001-Present) EO's 13198 - 13421 (Through December 28, 2006)

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

National Archives and Records Administration:

A complete list of Executive Orders and their texts can be found at:

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