List of Texas hurricanes (Pre-1900)
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[edit] Pre-1810
November 1527: a hurricane the upper Texas coast, killing 200 people and destroying a merchant fleet on Galveston Island. This is the earliest known hurricane on record to hit Texas, and to this day remains one of only two hurricanes to strike Texas during November (the other occurring in 1839).[citation needed]
1553: a hurricane struck a fleet of 20 ships of the New Spain Flota, loaded with silver and gold along the Texan coast. The three heaviest vessels sunk early in the storm. Most of the others were either scattered widely across the Western Gulf of Mexico, grounded, or capsized just offshore Padre Island. Only 300 of the original 2000 crew made it ashore on the four remaining ships. 1554: a hurricane caused the loss of three ships off the coast of southern Texas.[citation needed]
September 4, 1766: a hurricane hit Galveston with a storm surge of seven feet. A mission on the lower Trinity River was destroyed, and a five-galleon fleet carrying treasure en-route from Veracruz to Havana was driven ashore.[citation needed]
1791: a hurricane struck the lower Texas coast, flooding Padre Island and the nearby mainland. A herd of 50,000 cattle belonging to a Spanish cattle baron drowned in the storm surge.[1] [2]
[edit] 1810s
In 1818, a hurricane hit Galveston, Texas on September 12 and continued onward to Mississippi. The hurricane was "quite severe", destroying all but six houses on Galveston Island.[citation needed]
[edit] 1820s
In 1829, a hurricane hit the mouth of the Rio Grande. Port Isabel and Brazos Santiago saw great destruction, while other towns had higher than normal tides.[citation needed]
[edit] 1830s
In 1831, a hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Grande, causing heavy rain over Texas and Mexico.[citation needed]
In 1834, a hurricane hit south Texas, causing heavy damage.[citation needed]
In 1835, a hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Grande on August 18. There, it destroyed small villages, caused strong storm surge, and killed 18 people.[citation needed]
In 1837, The 10th known tropical storm in the 1837 season, nicknamed Racer's Storm, was first observed in the Western Caribbean during late September. It moved across the Yucatán Peninsula and the western Gulf of Mexico, where it hit Brownsville, Texas on October 2.[citation needed]
In 1838, a hurricane made landfall along Lower Texas Coast; caused high tides. Settlements at the Mouth of the Rio Grande again suffered losses.[citation needed]
In 1839, a late season hurricane hit Galveston, Texas on November 5.[citation needed]
[edit] 1840s
In 1840, hurricane hit near the mouth of the Rio Grande, destroying villages and causing flooding.
In September 1842, a strong tropical storm hit Galveston. They were on the west side of the system, as waters invaded the Island from the Bay to the north. About 4 feet of water swept over the island destroying smaller buildings and houses. Forty cattle were crushed under a house that was blown down. Damages totaled $10,000.
In October 1842, A storm brushed by Galveston, flooding the town. The schooner Dream foundered between Galveston and New Orleans. All aboard the ill-fated craft were rescued. The village of Brazos Santiago had been established by the Mexican government as a customs point for many years prior. An army garrison had been established there after Texas gained independence. The village site was just a few feet above sea level on Brazos Island and was extremely vulnerable to coastal flooding.
In 1843, a strong tropical storm hit Galveston, Texas on September 17. It caused $10,000 in damage, and killed 40 cattle. Later that year, a hurricane passed by Galveston on October 5, causing flooding and the sinking of one ship. It caused $500,000 in damage before moving out to sea on the 10th. The storm is known as the Gulf to Bermuda Hurricane.
In 1844, a major hurricane moving through the Gulf of Mexico hit the Rio Grande valley on August 4. It slowly moved through the area, causing 70 deaths.
In October of 1848, a minimal hurricane hit the southeast coast of Texas, causing flooding and high tides.
[edit] 1850s
The first storm of the 1851 season made landfall near Corpus Christi.[citation needed]
The first storm of the 1854 season made landfall in Texas, while the fourth storm of the season, another hurricane, moved inland near Galveston, Texas, causing 2 deaths from nearly 6 inches of rainfall, as well as $20,000 in damage.[citation needed]
The fourth storm of the 1857 season made landfall near Brownsville.[citation needed]
[edit] 1860s
The final storm of 1863 paralleled the Texas coastline.[citation needed]
The second storm of 1865 made landfall in Texas near Brownsville the day it formed.[citation needed]
The fourth storm of 1865 made landfall in the Texas/Louisiana border.[citation needed]
The first hurricane of the 1866 season made landfall in Texas on July 15th.[citation needed]
The seventh storm of 1867 paralleled the Texas coastline.[citation needed]
The second storm of 1869 was a Category 2 hurricane moved across the Gulf of Mexico, hitting the lower Texas coast on August 17. Most of the damage that occurred came from storm surge.[citation needed]
[edit] 1870s
Two June tropical storms in 1871 began the hurricane season by hitting Texas on June 2 and June 9. The two caused light damage and one death.[citation needed]
From September 30th-October 2nd, 1871, The third hurricane affect Texas that season moved just offshore the length of the coast. A ship named the S.S.. Hall sunk during the storm; all hands were lost. On Mustang Island, it was the severest gale in 16 years. Tides at Indianola were the highest since 1844; most of the town flooded. The jail at Lavaca was washed away. Many people died in the tempest.[citation needed]
The first and fourth storms of the 1874 season made landfall in Texas.[citation needed]
The third storm of 1875 hit Indianola, Texas at that intensity on the 16th . It turned northeastward, dissipating over Mississippi. The storm brought strong storm surge to the Texas coast, causing heavy damage and a total of 800 deaths. The storm was the first of two hurricanes to devastate Indianola, the other being the Indianola Hurricane of 1886. [3]
From September 15-17th, 1877: Hurricane affected the entire Texas coast. In Galveston, winds were noted out of the east during the night of the 15th. By the 17th, tides had increased to 5.2 feet above mean low water. Winds increased to 60 mph at that time. High tides, though, were the main villain. A "fresh gale" at Mustang Island destroyed their wharf.[citation needed]
The third storm of 1879 hit the northeast Texas coast on the 23rd. Damage was heavy, but there were no reported deaths. [4]
[edit] 1880s
The second storm of 1880 made landfall near Brownsville, Texas on the 13th , and dissipated rapidly over land on the 14th. It caused 30 deaths near the Yucatán Peninsula, and 5 deaths in Texas.[citation needed]
The second storm of the 1881 season was a tropical storm hit Corpus Christi, Texas in the middle of August, but caused no reported deaths. Signals were blown down at the harbor, and one boat was lost. [5]
The third storm of the 1882 season was a Category 2 hurricane was first observed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 14. Its prior track is unknown, but it moved to the west-northwest, and hit near the Texas/Louisiana border on the 15th. The storm brought a 3 foot storm surge, caused moderate damage, and killed one person. [6]
The first hurricane of 1886 made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border.[citation needed]
August 20, 1886: the Indianola Hurricane made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. It destroyed the town of Indianola, then the largest and most economically important port city in the state of Texas. With an estimated central pressure of 925 mb, this hurricane is on record as the most intense ever to strike the state of Texas. The hurricane also caused at least 25 deaths. [7] [8]
The 8th storm of the season took a west track through Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico. It turned northward in the western gulf, and hit near Brownsville, Texas as a 100 mph hurricane on September 23. [9]
The 10th storm made landfall near the border between Louisiana and Texas. It caused 175-200 deaths due to the heavy rainfall and storm surge, with $250,000 in damage occurring. [10]
The ninth storm of 1887 made landfall near Brownsville. [11]
The first two storms of 1888 made landfall in the same area of Texas. [12]
[edit] 1890s
The first storm of 1891 made landfall near Galveston, Texas. [13]
The second storm of the 1895 season made landfall in the southernmost part of Texas. [14]
The second storm of 1897 had effects on parts of Texas. [15]
The sixth storm of 1898 made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border. [16]
The first storm of 1899 made landfall in Texas. [17]
[edit] See also
- List of Texas hurricanes (1900-1979)
- List of Texas hurricanes - for 1980 to the present
[edit] References
- ^ Texas Hurricanes by David Roth
- ^ http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/GG/rrg7.html
- ^ 1875 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1879 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1881 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1882 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1886 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ The Most Intense Hurricanes in the United States 1851-2004
- ^ 1886 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1886 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1887 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1888 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1891 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1895 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1897 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1898 Monthly Weather Review
- ^ 1899 Monthly Weather Review
