List of Soviet tank factories
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of Soviet tank factories.
This list includes the heavy steel manufacturing plants where main production and assembly of medium and heavy armoured vehicles took place. It does not list the related facilities which fabricated components for them, the many lighter automotive industries which built light tracked vehicles and armoured cars in wartime, nor the armoured vehicle repair and overhaul plants.
Keeping track of the tank factories can be difficult. Many were based on pre-Soviet imperial Russian shipbuilding or locomotive factories, and may have changed names more than once. The majority were evacuated and consolidated in the Urals in the fall of 1941, shortly after the disastrous German invasion of June 22. After World War II, some remained in their new location, others were moved back or re-established at other factories. Most were also known by military designation numbers as well as honorific names.
English translations of the factory names can also be confusing. In various sources, the Russian zavod (завод) is translated as 'factory', 'plant' or 'works', or simply transliterated.
| Location | St Petersburg/Leningrad | Kharkiv, Ukraine | St Petersburg/Leningrad | Nizhny Tagil | Stalingrad | Nizhny Novgorod/Gorky | Sverdlovsk/Yekaterinburg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Soviet name | Obukhovsky Works (SOOZ), 1863 | Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ), 1895 | Putilov Factory | Dzerzhinsky Ural Railroad Car Works (Uralvagonzavod, or Vagonka, UVZ), 1931–36 | Nizhny Novgorod Machine Factory, 1849 | |||
| Early Soviet name | Bolshevik Factory No. 232, 1922 | Kharkov Komintern Locomotive Factory, 1928 | Red Putilov Factory | Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ) | Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 (Andrei Zhdanov), 1922 | Factory No. 174 (K.E. Voroshilov), Leningrad | Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant (Uralmashzavod, UZTM) | |
| Military designation (1930s) | Factory No. 185 (S.M. Kirov), 1935 | Factory No. 183, 1936 | Kirovsky Factory No. 100 | |||||
| World War II | Moved to Tankograd in Chelyabinsk, 1941 | Merged with Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil to form Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (I.V. Stalin), 1941 | Moved to Stalin Tractor Factory (Tankograd) in Chelyabinsk, 1941 | Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (I.V. Stalin) | Overrun September 1942 in the Battle of Stalingrad | Factory No. 174 (K.E. Voroshilov), Omsk; parts sent to Uralvagonzavod | ||
| After World War II | Moved back to Leningrad | Re-established at Kharkov Diesel Factory No. 75, 1945–52 Renamed V.A. Malyshev Factory, 1957 |
Moved to Omsk, 1963 | |||||
| Post-Soviet | Obukhovsky Works, 1992 | Kharkiv, independent Ukraine, 1991 | ||||||
| Design Bureau | OKMO | Morozov Design Bureau (KMDB) | SKB-2, Omsk Transmash (KBTM) | Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau | ||||
| Designed | T-26 | T-24, BT tanks, T-34, T-64, T-80 turret, T-80UD, T-84 | T-80 hull, BTR-T, TOS-1, Black Eagle tank prototype | T-54A, T-55, T-72, T-90, T-95 prototype? | ||||
| Built | KV-1, T-34, IS-2, IS-3, IS-4, T-10, T-80 | T-26, BT tank, T-28, T-35, T-34, T-54, T-64, T-80UD, T-84 | T-34 guns | T-34, T-44, T-54, T-55, T-72, T-90 | T-34 | Russkiy Reno, T-34 | T-26, T-50, ISU-152, IS-3, T-10, T-80 | T-34, SU-122, SU-85, SU-100 |
[edit] References
- Sewell, Stephen ‘Cookie’ (1998). “Why Three Tanks?” (PDF) in Armor vol. 108, no. 4, p. 21. Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center. ISSN 0004-2420.
- Zaloga, Steven J. and James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.
