List of Sanitation Commission Hospital Ships

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Contents

[edit] Reference

Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, Regents University of California

[edit] City of Memphis and Fanny Bullit

Between 6 and 16 Feb 1862, the Union advanced across the country and captured Fort's Henry and Donelson. Upon hearing word of the battle, members of the Sanitary Commission in Cincinnati gathered supplies, volunteers and procured a steamer passengered by the most senior members of the Commission at the Cincinnati branch. Upon arrival at Fort Donelson, the commission learned that insufficient means were taken to treat and transport the wounded. The Unions two Army hospital ships, the City of Memphis and Fanny Bullitt had not be furnished to serve as such ships and were merely empty vessels on which vast numbers of wounded suffered. Supplies were distributed, and 80 wounded were transported back to Cincinnati on the steamer with doctors and nurses to tend to them.

[edit] Tycoon and Monarch

In April 1862, the Union's victory at Shiloh, resulted in the outpouring of hospital transports to the city. The two transports refitted and dispatched by the Sanitary Commission were joined by a fleet of hospital ships...private, Army and state. The Tycoon and Monarch were the Commission's first refitted hospital ships. Sympathy, benevolence, patriotism and a desire to ease the suffering of our Nation's troops was the only thing these groups shared in common. Following this event, the Sanitary Commission began outfitting any hospital ship, Army, State, association, or voluntary; and if necessary, they operated the ships as well. All of the Army's ships used as hosptial transports were refitted and initially supplied through the direction of the Sanitary Commission. Funding came from the Army, Sanitary Commission, state, and voluteer organizatons. The Army transferred at least one ship to the Sanitary Commission; the steamer, Daniel Webster No. 1. Even the Red Rover, a river boat captured by the Union Army, was well equipped and initially staffed by the Sanitary Commission until the ship was sold to the Navy.

[edit] St. Philip

These were not the first hospital ships employed by the US Govt, previous ships used as hospitals, like the CSS hospital ship St. Philip ([[formerly the Star of the West]]) in Sep 1861- April 1862, retained patients for long periods of time (30-90 days easily) and stayed on station rarely traveling. The Sanitary Commission used their steamers as a means of bringing wounded further back into supply lines. Keeping wounded onboard for as little as possible, from 1-7 days. Men and women of all races, some hired while others volunteered, served throughout the hospital ships and hospitals of the Union as nurses.

[edit] The Western Sanitary Commission

The Sanitary Commission, at the request of the Army, created the Western Sanitary Commission headquartered in St Louis MI. From there, 16 hospital boats, steamers and transports were refitted and supplied. The Sanitary Commission worked closely with the US Army. In fact, it was Army Surgeon General, R C Wood, who initially founded the Commission some years ago. The commission quickly organized large fleets of ships and created a network system of routes to move wounded. Rivers and ocean connecting the Union became highway over which the wounded steadily traveled further North.

[edit] Overview of the Western Sanitation Commission

When possible, few embarkation points were used. Ships, were assigned schedules and maximum patient allowances. If a ship embarked more patients than allowed, even though space permitted, her crew would be required to notify the receiving station. Several ships were kept in reserve, used only when another ship was unable to continue to make a journey. Thus a very predictable and organized system grew. On the Pamunkey river, 19 hospital transports working on a fixed schedule, moved 700 wounded a day, every day. Of particular interest, the ships had far greater capacity, some 600 more wounded could have been cramed onto some of the ships. But, this was frowned upon by the organizers as such a number would overcrowd the ship, overtask the medical staff, erode the quality of care, and place an unexpected burden on the receiving hospital. Thus, in theory some 70,000 wounded could be moved from Virginia in 100 days to hospitals in five states as far North as New York. A second inland force of about 16 hospital ships moved patients along riverways north to Missiouri, Ohio, and Kentucy. More than eighty were thus brought by them to a Military Hospital at Cincinnati

[edit] Hospital Ships of the Penninsula Campaign

Name Load Embarkation Area Debarkation Area Transport Days Note
S.R. Spaulding Unk Fortress Monroe New York 7
Daniel Webster No. 1 Fortress Monroe New York 7 Former Army, saw service at Yorktown
Empress 400 York River Fortress Monroe 2
Imperial 400 York River Fortress Monroe 2 Outfitted in St. Louis
Ocean Queen 400 James River Fortress Monroe 2
Wilson Small 400 James River Fortress Monroe 2
Elizabeth n/a Fortress Monroe York and James River n/a Storeboat
Elm City 400 Pamunkey River Philadelphia 6
Commodore 400 Pamunkey River Maryland 4
Vanderbilt 400 Pamunkey River Maryland 4
Louisiana 400 Pamunkey River Maryland 4
State of Maine 400 Pamunkey River Maryland 4
Kennebeck 300 Pamunkey River Virginia 2
Daniel Webster No. 2 300 Pamunkey River Virginia 2
John Brooks 400 Pamunkey River n/a n/a In Reserve
Whilldin 400 Pamunkey River n/a n/a In Reserve
Knickerbocker 400 Pamunkey River n/a n/a In Reserve
St. Mark Pamunkey River n/a n/a Stationary
Euterpe Pamunkey River n/a n/a Stationary

[edit] Hospital Boats of the Sanitary Commission

  • Fanny Bullitt (Ohio River)
  • City of Alton
  • Crescent City
  • Ruth
  • Glasgow
  • Diana
  • Nebraska
  • Champion
  • Baltic
  • J S Cairns
  • Ben Franklin
  • Continental
  • Hazel Dell
  • Bickerdyke
  • Tycoon (Shiloh - Cincinnati)
  • Monarch (Shiloh - Cincinnati)

[edit] Ships Outfitted by Sanitary Commission but transferrred to Army

  • Red Rover (Mississippi River) later transferred to Navy
  • City of Memphis (Ohio River)
  • City of Nashville
  • City of Louisiana, Renamed RC Wood (Ohio River)
  • D A January*
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