List of Romance languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Romance | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
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| Genetic classification: |
Indo-European Italic Romance |
| Subdivisions: | |
The Romance languages include 47 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken in Europe; this language group is a part of the Italic language family. This article lists also the Romance-based Creole languages.Top level groups are listed roughly East to West.
Contents |
[edit] Romance languages
[edit] Eastern Romance
- Eastern Romance (Balkan Romance):
- Romanian
- Aromanian: 300,000 Greece, 100,000 Albania, 15,000 Macedonia, and 10,000 Bulgaria.
- Megleno-Romanian: 5,000 Greece and Macedonia
- Istro-Romanian: 1,000 Croatia
- Morlach: Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro (extinct)
- Daco-Romanian (with Moldovan and Timok Vlach): 28 million Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia
- Dalmatian: Croatia (extinct)
- Romance Pannonian language: Hungary (extinct)
- Romanian
[edit] Southern Romance
- Southern Romance
- Sardinian: 300,000 Sardinia.
- African Romance: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya (extinct).
[edit] Western Romance
- Western Romance
- Italian: 60,000,000 in Italy; 3,000,000 in the Americas and 2,000,000 in Western Europe, Oceania and Africa.
- Sicilian: 6,000,000 in Sicily, Calabria and Puglia
- Calabrese
- Salentino
- Neapolitan: 8,000,000 in central-southern Italy
- Corsican:
- Istriot 3,000 in Istria
- Judeo-Italian: 4,000 Italy
- Cisalpino-Romance (Gallo-Romance) languages:
- Ligurian
- Piedmontese
- Lombard
- Insubric language: 5,000,000 in Western Lombardy and Canton Ticino
- Orobic language: 3,000,000 in Eastern Lombardy and Western Trentino
- Bergamo dialect
- Brescia dialect
- Crema dialect
- Western Trentino dialect
- Bormio dialect
- Camuno dialect
- Higher Non dialect
- Others
- Gaì
- Sicilian Lombard
- Talian Lombardo
- Emiliano-Romagnolo
- Lunigiana dialect
- Piacenza dialect
- Modena dialect
- Parma dialect
- Reggio Emilia dialect
- Cremona dialect
- Mantova dialect
- Bologna dialect
- Ferrara dialect
- Venetian: 1,500,000 in Veneto and Venezia-Giulia
- Rhaetian languages
- Gallo Romance
- French: 70 million Europe; 12 million Americas.
- French Dialects in Europe:
- Aostan French (Italy)
- Belgian French (Belgium)
- Metropolitan French (France; Standard French Language)
- Meridional French (France)
- Swiss French (Switzerland)
- French Dialects in the Americas:
- Canadian French (Canada):
- Cajun French (United States)
- French Dialects in Europe:
- Franco-Provençal: Lyons country (extinct in Switzerland), Aosta Valley, some valleys in Piedmont
- Occitan-Catalan
- Catalan: 6.5 million Spain, France, Andorra, Italy.
- Eastern Catalan
- Northern Catalan (Roussillonese)
- Central Catalan
- Balearic
- Alguerese: The town of Alguer in Sardinia
- Occidental Catalan
- Eastern Catalan
- Occitan: circa 2 million in France, Italy, Spain and Monaco:
- Occitan dialects
- Gascon: Bordeaux (Bordèu) country
- Aranese: One county in Catalonia
- Lengadocian: Toulouse (Tolosa) country
- Provençal: Marseilles (Marselha) country
- Vivaro-Alpine
- Cisalpenc: Piedmont western valleys
- Lemosin: Limoges (Lemòtges) country
- Auvernhat
- Gascon: Bordeaux (Bordèu) country
- Occitan dialects
- Catalan: 6.5 million Spain, France, Andorra, Italy.
- Oïl languages:
- Poitevin-Saintongeais
- Bourguignon-Morvandiau
- Champenois
- Franc-Comtois
- Lorrain
- Gallo:
- Norman:
- Anglo-Norman language: extinct.
- Auregnais: extinct
- Dgèrnésiais: endangered
- Jèrriais
- Sercquiais
- Picard
- Walloon
- Romance British language: Arthurian Britain (extinct)
- French: 70 million Europe; 12 million Americas.
- Iberian Romance
- Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese: 230 million Portugal, Brazil; 26 million Africa and a few thousands Asia.
- Dialects in Portugal:
- Açoriano
- Alentejano
- Algarvio
- Alto-Minhoto
- Baixo-Beirão e Alto-Alentejano
- Beirão
- Estremenho
- Madeirense
- Nortenho
- Transmontano
- Judaeo-Portuguese: extinct.
- Dialects in Brazil:
- Caipira
- Cearense
- Bahiano
- Fluminense
- Gaúcho
- Manezês
- Mineiro
- Nordestino
- Nortista
- Paulistano
- Sertanejo
- Sulista
- Dialects in Africa:
- Dialects in Angola
- Benguelense
- Luandense
- Sulista
- Capeverdean Portuguese
- Guinean Portuguese
- Mozambican Portuguese
- São Tomean Portuguese
- Dialects in Angola
- Dialects in Portugal:
- Galician: 3 million in Galicia.
- Fala: 10,000 Spain.
- Portuguese: 230 million Portugal, Brazil; 26 million Africa and a few thousands Asia.
- Astur-Leonese
- Asturian language
- Leonese
- Mirandese: 5,000 Portugal.
- Spanish (Castilian): 360 million Spain, Americas.
- Dialects in Spain:
- Andalusian Spanish
- Canarian Spanish
- Churro Spanish
- Murcian Spanish
- Northern Spanish
- Extremaduran
- Other dialects:
- Spanish Dialects in Americas:
- Amazonian Spanish
- Andean Spanish
- Antioqueño Spanish
- Camba Spanish
- Caribbean Spanish
- Cuban Spanish
- Dominican Spanish
- Panamanian Spanish
- Puerto Rican Spanish
- Venezuelan Spanish
- Maracucho Spanish
- Central American Spanish
- Chilean Spanish
- Cundiboyacense Spanish
- Ecuatorial Spanish
- Mexican Spanish (Central Mexico)
- North Mexican Spanish
- South Mexican Spanish
- New Mexican Spanish
- Paraguayan Spanish
- Peruvian Coast Spanish
- Rioplatense Spanish
- Santandereano-Tachirense Spanish
- Yucateco Spanish
- Dialects in Spain:
- Galician-Portuguese
- Pyrenean-Mozarabic
[edit] Pidgins and creoles
The global spread of colonial Romance languages has given rise to numerous creole languages and pidgins. Some of the lesser-spoken languages have also had influences on varieties spoken far from their traditional regions. The following is a partial list of creole languages and pidgins, grouped by their main source language.
- Lingua Franca, influenced by the Romance languages of the Western Mediterranean and Arabic.
- French-based creole languages:
- Haitian Creole is a national language of Haiti
- Antillean Creole spoken primarily in Dominica and St. Lucia.
- Kreyol Lwiziyen Louisiana creole
- Mauritian Creole is the lingua franca in Mauritius
- Seychellois Creole Also known as Seselwa, Seychellois Creole is an official language, along with English and French, as well as the lingua franca of the Seychelles.
- Tay Boi an extinct French pigdin spoken in Vietnam.
- Lanc-Patuá Spoken in Brazil, mostly in Amapá state. It has been influenced by Portuguese. It was developed by immigrants from neighbouring French Guiana and French territories of the Caribbean Sea.
- Portuguese-based creole languages
- Angolar Spoken in coastal areas of São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe.
- Annobonese Spoken in the island of Annobón, Equatorial Guinea.
- Capeverdean Crioulo (Criol, Kriolu) A dialect continuum spoken in Cape Verde.
- Daman Indo-Portuguese Spoken in Daman, India. Decreolization process occurred.
- Diu Indo-Portuguese Spoken in Diu, India. Almost extinct.
- Forro Spoken in São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe.
- Kristang Spoken in Malaysia.
- Kristi Spoken in the village of Korlay, India.
- Principense (Lunguyê) Spoken in Príncipe Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Almost extinct.
- Macanese Spoken in Macau and Hong Kong. Decreolization process occurred.
- Papiamento Spoken in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. Spanish influenced.
- Riverense Portuñol Spoken in Rivera (Northern Uruguay) and region. Spanish influenced.
- Saramaccan Portuguese/English Creole. Spoken in Surinam.
- Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese Spoken in Coastal cities of Sri Lanka.
- Upper Guinea Creole (Kriol) lingua franca and "national language" of Guinea-Bissau, also spoken in Casamance, Senegal.
- Spanish-based creole languages
- Chavacano -Spoken in Zamboanga and Cavite, Philippines.
- Palenquero
- Papiamento. It is often hard to tell Portuguese influences from Spanish ones.
- Spanglish, spoken in northern Mexico and southern United States.
- Yanito
While not being pidgins nor creoles, English (see Middle English creole hypothesis), Basque and Albanian have a substantial Romance influence in their vocabularies.
