List of Presidents of Portugal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Portugal
This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Portugal

Constitution President Aníbal Cavaco Silva Assembly of the Republic Government Prime Minister José Sócrates Council of Ministers Supreme Court of Justice Constitutional Court Council of State Elections: 2006 - 2005 Political Parties Subdivisions EU Politics Foreign relations
Other countries · Politics Portal view • talk • edit

For Portuguese heads of state prior to 1910, see the list of Portuguese monarchs.

Cavaco Silva, the current President

The complete list of Presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the October 5, 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime. This list includes not only those persons who sworn into office as President of Portugal but also those who de facto served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of Teófilo Braga who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican coup d'état. Also Sidónio Pais, Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa, as well as Canto e Castro and Óscar Carmona in their early months, weren't sworn into office as President of the Republic, usually being the President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), but de facto accumulation this functions with that of the Head of State. See the notes for more information.

The numbering reflects the uninterrupted time in office served by a single person. For example, Jorge Sampaio served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). Teófilo Braga served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered the first President, although he would serve again as head of state and be the 2nd president after Manuel de Arriaga's resignation. Bernardino Machado served two non-consecutive terms and is counted as both the 3rd and the 8th president. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.

The current President of Portugal is Aníbal Cavaco Silva, winner of the 2006 presidential election.

The colors indicate the political affiliation of each President.

#		Took office	Left office	Party
Provisional Government of the Republic (1910-1911)
-	Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga ^[1]	October 5, 1910	August 24, 1911	Republican
First Republic (1911-1926)
1	Manuel José de Arriaga Brum da Silveira e Peyrelongue	August 24, 1911	May 25, 1915 ^[R]	Republican later Democratic
2	Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga^{[citation needed]}	May 29, 1915	August 5, 1915	Democratic
3	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães	August 6, 1915	December 5, 1918 ^[C]	Democratic
4	Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais ^[2]	April 28, 1918	December 14, 1918 ^[A]	National Republican or "Sidonist"
5	João do Canto e Castro Silva Antunes Júnior ^[3]	December 14, 1918	October 5, 1919	National Republican or "Sidonist"
6	António José de Almeida	October 5, 1919	October 5, 1923	Evolutionist Republican later Liberal Republican
7	Manuel Teixeira Gomes	October 6, 1923	December 11, 1925 ^[R]	Democratic
8	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães	December 11, 1925	May 31, 1926 ^[C]	Democratic
Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) (1926-1932)
9	José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior ^[4]	May 31, 1926	June 17, 1926 ^[C]	Military officer
10	Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa ^[4]	June 17, 1926	July 9, 1926 ^[C]	Military officer
Estado Novo (New State) (1932-1974)
11	António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona ^[4]^[5]	July 9, 1926	April 18, 1951 ^[D]	Military officer since 1932, National Union
12	António de Oliveira Salazar ^[6]	April 18, 1951	July 21, 1951	National Union
13	Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes	July 21, 1951	August 9, 1958	National Union
14	Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás	August 9, 1958	April 25, 1974 ^[C]	National Union since 1968 Popular National Action
Third Republic (Democracy) (1974-today)
15	António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola ^[7]	April 25, 1974	September 30, 1974 ^[R]	Military officer
16	Francisco da Costa Gomes	September 30, 1974	July 13, 1976	Military officer
17	António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes	July 14, 1976	March 9, 1986	Military officer later Democratic Renovator
18	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares	March 9, 1986	March 9, 1996	Socialist
19	Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio	March 9, 1996	March 9, 2006	Socialist
20	Aníbal António Cavaco Silva	March 9, 2006	Present	Social Democratic

Left office early:

^[A] Assassinated.

^[D] Died in office of natural causes.

^[R] Resigned.

^[C] Forced to resign due to a coup d'état'.

[edit] Notes

^ Teófilo Braga served as President of the Provisional Government, the de facto head of government and head of state, from the republican revolution of 1910 to the election of Manuel de Arriaga, the 1st President of Portugal.
^ After doing a coup d'état, Sidónio Pais became President of the Revolutionary Junta and later Prime Minister (President of the Ministry). He abolished the post of President of the Republic, assuming himself as the head of state as Prime Minister. He was assassinated in 1918.
^ Canto e Castro was head of the Council of Ministers that served as the head of state of Portugal after the assassination of Sidónio Pais in 1918, from December 14 to December 16. He then became interim president until the election of António José de Almeida.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa and Óscar Carmona were the heads of the revolutionary provisional governments during the year of 1926. Although not called Presidents, they were de facto heads of state.
^ Óscar Carmona served initially as head of the revolutionary government after a counter-coup deposed Gomes da Costa. He was de facto head of state between July 9 and November 16, 1926. However he officially took office as President of the Republic on November 16, 1926. Six years later, in 1932, the Estado Novo was proclaimed and the National Union, the only legal party, was formed by António de Oliveira Salazar. Carmona joined the party and was the party's candidate for every presidential election (that were considered fraudulent) until 1951, when he died.
^ António de Oliveira Salazar, the dictatorial President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) occupied the post of president interim between the death of Óscar Carmona and the election of Francisco Craveiro Lopes.
^ Between the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the de facto head of state and government. After May 15 Adelino da Palma Carlos became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as de jure head of state as President of the Republic.

[edit] References

Jornal de Notícias (January-May 2006). in Museu da Presidência da República/Jornal de Notícias: Presidents de Portugal - Fotobiografias, 1st ed.
Portal da História. Biografias dos Presidentes. Retrieved on February 8, 2006.