List of Nobel laureates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners.

2006	Roger D. Kornberg
2005	Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin
2004	Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
2003	Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
2002	John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich
2001	William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
2000	Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
1999	Ahmed Zewail
1998	Walter Kohn, John Pople
1997	Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
1996	Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley
1995	Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
1994	George A. Olah
1993	Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus
1991	Richard R. Ernst
1990	Elias James Corey
1989	Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
1988	Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
1987	Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
1984	Bruce Merrifield
1983	Henry Taube
1982	Aaron Klug
1981	Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
1980	Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
1979	Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
1978	Peter Mitchell
1977	Ilya Prigogine
1976	William Lipscomb
1975	John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
1974	Paul J. Flory
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
1972	Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
1971	Gerhard Herzberg
1970	Luis Leloir
1969	Derek Barton, Odd Hassel
1968	Lars Onsager
1967	Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter
1966	Robert S. Mulliken
1965	Robert Burns Woodward
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
1963	Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
1962	Max F. Perutz, John C. Kendrew
1961	Melvin Calvin
1960	Willard F. Libby
1959	Jaroslav Heyrovský
1958	Frederick Sanger
1957	Lord Todd
1956	Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud
1954	Linus Pauling
1953	Hermann Staudinger
1952	Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg
1951	Max Theiler
1950	Otto Diels, Kurt Alder
1949	William F. Giauque
1948	Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
1947	Sir Robert Robinson
1946	James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley
1945	Artturi Virtanen
1944	Otto Hahn
1943	George de Hevesy
1942	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1941	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1940	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1939	Adolf Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
1938	Richard Kuhn
1937	Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
1936	Peter Debye
1935	Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie
1934	Harold C. Urey
1933	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1932	Irving Langmuir
1931	Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
1930	Hans Fischer
1929	Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1928	Adolf Windaus
1927	Heinrich Wieland
1926	The Svedberg
1925	Richard Zsigmondy
1924	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1923	Fritz Pregl
1922	Francis W. Aston
1921	Frederick Soddy
1920	Walther Nernst
1919	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1918	Fritz Haber
1917	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1916	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
1915	Richard Willstätter
1914	Theodore William Richards
1913	Alfred Werner
1912	Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
1911	Maria Skłodowska-Curie
1910	Otto Wallach
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald
1908	Ernest Rutherford
1907	Eduard Buchner
1906	Henri Moissan
1905	Adolf von Baeyer
1904	Sir William Ramsay
1903	Svante Arrhenius
1902	Emil Fischer
1901	Jacobus H. van 't Hoff

2006	Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello
2005	Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren
2004	Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck
2003	Paul C. Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield
2002	Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston
2001	Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul Nurse
2000	Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel
1999	Günter Blobel
1998	Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad
1997	Stanley B. Prusiner
1996	Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1995	Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus
1994	Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell
1993	Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp
1992	Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
1991	Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann
1990	Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas
1989	J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus
1988	James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings
1987	Susumu Tonegawa
1986	Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
1985	Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
1984	Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein
1983	Barbara McClintock
1982	Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane
1981	Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel
1980	Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell
1979	Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
1978	Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
1977	Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
1976	Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek
1975	David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard M. Temin
1974	Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade
1973	Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
1972	Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter
1971	Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
1970	Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
1969	Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria
1968	Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
1967	Ragnar Granit, Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald
1966	Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins
1965	François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod
1964	Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen
1963	Sir John Eccles, Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley
1962	Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins
1961	Georg von Békésy
1960	Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar
1959	Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg
1958	George Beadle, Edward Tatum, Joshua Lederberg
1957	Daniel Bovet
1956	André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards
1955	Hugo Theorell
1954	John F. Enders, Thomas H. Weller, Frederick C. Robbins
1953	Hans Krebs, Fritz Lipmann
1952	Selman A. Waksman
1951	Max Theiler
1950	Edward C. Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip S. Hench
1949	Walter Hess, Egas Moniz
1948	Paul Müller
1947	Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay
1946	Hermann J. Muller
1945	Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, Sir Howard Florey
1944	Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S. Gasser
1943	Henrik Dam, Edward A. Doisy
1942	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1941	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1940	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1939	Gerhard Domagk
1938	Corneille Heymans
1937	Albert Szent-Györgyi
1936	Sir Henry Dale, Otto Loewi
1935	Hans Spemann
1934	George H. Whipple, George R. Minot, William P. Murphy
1933	Thomas H. Morgan
1932	Sir Charles Sherrington, Edgar Adrian
1931	Otto Heinrich Warburg
1930	Karl Landsteiner
1929	Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Hopkins
1928	Charles Nicolle
1927	Julius Wagner-Jauregg
1926	Johannes Fibiger
1925	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1924	Willem Einthoven
1923	Frederick G. Banting, John James Richard Macleod
1922	Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Meyerhof
1921	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1920	August Krogh
1919	Jules Bordet
1918	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1917	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1916	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1915	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1914	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physiology section.
1913	Robert Bárány
1912	Alexis Carrel
1911	Allvar Gullstrand
1910	Albrecht Kossel
1909	Theodor Kocher
1908	Ilya Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich
1907	Alphonse Laveran
1906	Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal
1905	Robert Koch
1904	Ivan Pavlov
1903	Niels Ryberg Finsen
1902	Ronald Ross
1901	Emil von Behring

2006	Orhan Pamuk
2005	Harold Pinter
2004	Elfriede Jelinek
2003	J.M. Coetzee
2002	Imre Kertész
2001	V.S. Naipaul
2000	Gao Xingjian
1999	Günter Grass
1998	José Saramago
1997	Dario Fo
1996	Wislawa Szymborska
1995	Seamus Heaney
1994	Kenzaburo Oe
1993	Toni Morrison
1992	Derek Walcott
1991	Nadine Gordimer
1990	Octavio Paz
1989	Camilo José Cela
1988	Naguib Mahfouz
1987	Joseph Brodsky
1986	Wole Soyinka
1985	Claude Simon
1984	Jaroslav Seifert
1983	William Golding
1982	Gabriel García Márquez
1981	Elias Canetti
1980	Czesław Miłosz
1979	Odysseus Elytis
1978	Isaac Bashevis Singer
1977	Vicente Aleixandre
1976	Saul Bellow
1975	Eugenio Montale
1974	Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson
1973	Patrick White
1972	Heinrich Böll
1971	Pablo Neruda
1970	Alexander Solzhenitsyn
1969	Samuel Beckett
1968	Yasunari Kawabata
1967	Miguel Ángel Asturias
1966	Samuel Agnon, Nelly Sachs
1965	Mikhail Sholokhov
1964	Jean-Paul Sartre
1963	Giorgos Seferis
1962	John Steinbeck
1961	Ivo Andric
1960	Saint-John Perse
1959	Salvatore Quasimodo
1958	Boris Pasternak
1957	Albert Camus
1956	Juan Ramón Jiménez
1955	Halldór Laxness
1954	Ernest Hemingway
1953	Winston Churchill
1952	François Mauriac
1951	Pär Lagerkvist
1950	Bertrand Russell
1949	William Faulkner
1948	T.S. Eliot
1947	André Gide
1946	Hermann Hesse
1945	Gabriela Mistral
1944	Johannes V. Jensen
1943	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1942	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1941	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1940	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1939	Frans Eemil Sillanpää
1938	Pearl Buck
1937	Roger Martin du Gard
1936	Eugene O'Neill
1935	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1934	Luigi Pirandello
1933	Ivan Bunin
1932	John Galsworthy
1931	Erik Axel Karlfeldt
1930	Sinclair Lewis
1929	Thomas Mann
1928	Sigrid Undset
1927	Henri Bergson
1926	Grazia Deledda
1925	George Bernard Shaw
1924	Wladyslaw Reymont
1923	William Butler Yeats
1922	Jacinto Benavente
1921	Anatole France
1920	Knut Hamsun
1919	Carl Spitteler
1918	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1917	Karl Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan
1916	Verner von Heidenstam
1915	Romain Rolland
1914	No prize awarded. The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the literature section.
1913	Rabindranath Tagore
1912	Gerhart Hauptmann
1911	Maurice Maeterlinck
1910	Paul Heyse
1909	Selma Lagerlöf
1908	Rudolf Eucken
1907	Rudyard Kipling
1906	Giosuè Carducci
1905	Henryk Sienkiewicz
1904	Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray
1903	Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
1902	Theodor Mommsen
1901	Sully Prudhomme

2006	Grameen Bank, Muhammad Yunus
2005	International Atomic Energy Agency, Mohamed ElBaradei
2004	Wangari Maathai
2003	Shirin Ebadi
2002	Jimmy Carter
2001	United Nations, Kofi Annan
2000	Kim Dae-jung
1999	Médecins Sans Frontières
1998	John Hume, David Trimble
1997	International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Jody Williams
1996	Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos Horta
1995	Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1994	Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin
1993	Nelson Mandela, F.W. de Klerk
1992	Rigoberta Menchú
1991	Aung San Suu Kyi
1990	Mikhail Gorbachev
1989	Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
1988	United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
1987	Óscar Arias
1986	Elie Wiesel
1985	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1984	Desmond Tutu
1983	Lech Wałęsa
1982	Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles
1981	Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1980	Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1979	Mother Teresa
1978	Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin
1977	Amnesty International
1976	Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan
1975	Andrei Sakharov
1974	Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato
1973	Henry Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
1972	No prize awarded. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.
1971	Willy Brandt
1970	Norman Borlaug
1969	International Labour Organization
1968	René Cassin
1967	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1966	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1965	United Nations Children's Fund
1964	Martin Luther King, Jr.
1963	International Committee of the Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies
1962	Linus Pauling
1961	Dag Hammarskjöld (posthumously)
1960	Albert Lutuli
1959	Philip Noel-Baker
1958	Georges Pire
1957	Lester Bowles Pearson
1956	No prize awarded. 1/3 of the prize money for this year was allocated to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1955	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1954	Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1953	George C. Marshall
1952	Albert Schweitzer
1951	Léon Jouhaux
1950	Ralph Bunche
1949	Lord Boyd Orr
1948	No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to the Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1947	Friends Service Council, American Friends Service Committee
1946	Emily Greene Balch, John R. Mott
1945	Cordell Hull
1944	International Committee of the Red Cross
1943	No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1942	No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1941	No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1940	No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1939	No prize awarded. Money allocated 1/3 to Main Fund, 2/3 to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1938	Nansen International Office for Refugees
1937	The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
1936	Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935	Carl von Ossietzky
1934	Arthur Henderson
1933	Sir Norman Angell
1932	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1931	Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler
1930	Nathan Söderblom
1929	Frank B. Kellogg
1928	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1927	Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde
1926	Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann
1925	Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles G. Dawes
1924	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1923	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1922	Fridtjof Nansen
1921	Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lange
1920	Léon Bourgeois
1919	Woodrow Wilson
1918	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1917	International Committee of the Red Cross
1916	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1915	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1914	No prize awarded. Money allocated to the Special Fund of the peace section.
1913	Henri La Fontaine
1912	Elihu Root
1911	Tobias Asser, Alfred Fried
1910	Permanent International Peace Bureau
1909	Auguste Beernaert, Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant
1908	Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer
1907	Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault
1906	Theodore Roosevelt
1905	Bertha von Suttner
1904	Institute of International Law
1903	Randal Cremer
1902	Élie Ducommun, Albert Gobat
1901	Henry Dunant, Frédéric Passy

List of Nobel laureates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] Physics

[edit] Chemistry

[edit] Physiology or medicine

[edit] Literature

[edit] Peace

[edit] Economics

[edit] See also

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