List of New Zealand birds

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As a land without terrestrial mammals of any kind, New Zealand was, until the arrival of the first humans, inhabited by an extraordinarily diverse range of specialised birds. The ecological niches occupied by mammals as different as cows and rodents, kangaroos and moles, were filled by reptiles, insects, or birds.

When humans arrived in New Zealand sometime between 800 and 1300, this unique and unusual ecology became endangered. Several species were hunted to extinction, most notably the moa and harpagornis. The most damage however was caused by the other animals that humans brought with them, particularly rats (the Polynesian Rat or kiore imported by Māori and the Brown Rat and Black Rat subsequently introduced by Europeans), but also mice, dogs, cats, stoats, weasels, hedgehogs, and Australian possums and wallabies. The flightless birds were in particular danger. Consequently many bird species became extinct, and others remain critically endangered. Several species are now confined only to offshore islands, or to fenced "Ecological Islands" from which predators have been eliminated. Consequently New Zealand is today a world leader in the techniques required to bring severely endangered species back from the brink of extinction.

The birds below are listed by their Māori name (where known) with English alternatives in brackets. In some cases (Tui, Kākā, Weka, Pūkeko, moa, kiwi, Kea, Kōkako, Takahē) the Māori name is the common name. In other cases (fantail, albatross, Black-backed Gull, bellbird, Morepork, dotterel, Wax-eye, oystercatcher) the English name is most commonly used.

The species and subspecies marked extinct became extinct subsequent to humans' arrival in New Zealand. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of Māori but before the arrival of Pākehā and the rest since Pākehā arrived.

Also see the List of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, which includes the birds of New Zealand, Australia, Antarctica, and the surrounding ocean and islands.

[edit] Struthioniformes

[edit] Sphenisciformes

[edit] Procellariiformes

[edit] Pelecaniformes

[edit] Ciconiiformes

[edit] Anseriformes

[edit] Gruiformes

  • Rallidae
    • New Zealand Coot, Fulica chathamensis - extinct
    • Chatham Island Rail, Gallirallus modestus - extinct
    • Giant Chatham Island Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi - extinct
    • Hodgen's Rail, Gallinula hodgeni - extinct
    • Dieffenbach's Rail, Gallirallus dieffenbachii - extinct
    • Snipe-Rail, Capellirallus karamu - extinct
    • Adzebill, Aptornis otidiformis - extinct
    • Auckland Islands Rail, Lewinia muelleri - Vulnerable
    • Pūkeko or Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio
    • North Island Takahē, Porphyrio mantelli - extinct
    • South Island Takahē, Porphyrio hochstetteri - Endangered
    • Weka or Woodhen, Gallirallus australis - Vulnerable

[edit] Galliformes

[edit] Charadriiformes

[edit] Podicipediformes

[edit] Falconiformes

[edit] Strigiformes

[edit] Caprimulgiformes

[edit] Cuculiformes

  • Cuculidae
    • Koekoea or Longtailed Cuckoo, Eudynamys taitensis
    • Pipiwharauroa or Shining Cuckoo, Chrysococcyx lucidas

[edit] Psittaciformes

[edit] Columbiformes

[edit] Passeriformes

  • Acanthisittidae
    • Matuhi or Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes - extinct
      • South Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes longipes - extinct
      • North Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes stokesi - extinct
      • Stead's Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes variabilis - extinct
    • Rock Wren, Xenicus gilviventris
    • Stephens Island Wren, Traversia lyalli - extinct
    • Titipounamu or Rifleman, Acanthisitta chloris
    • Yaldwyn's Wren, Pachyplichas yaldwyni - extinct
    • Grant-Mackie's Wren, Pachyplichas jagmi - extinct
  • Corvidae
    • New Zealand Crow, Palaeocorax moriorum - extinct
    • Rook, Corvus frugilegus - introduced
  • Motacillidae
    • Pihoihoi or New Zealand Pipit, Anthus novaeseelandiae
  • Acanthizidae
    • Riroriro or Grey Warbler, Gerygone igata - endemic
    • Chatham Gerygone, Gerygone albofrontata - endemic
  • Muscicapidae
    • Piopio, Turnagra capensis - extinct
    • Chatham Island Fernbird, Megalurus rufescens - extinct

[edit] References

  • Barrie Heather & Hugh Robertson (1996) The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand ISBN 0-670-86911-2
  • Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists - Martin Collinson, British Birds vol 99 (June 2006), 306-323

[edit] External links

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