List of Islamic studies scholars

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See also: List of Muslim scholars

Islamic studies scholars or simply Islamic scholars are both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars who work in one or more fields of Islamic studies. "Islamic studies" an umbrella term for all Islam-related studies, related to both Islamization of knowledge and an extrinsic study of Islam, Islamic culture, history and society.

The entries in the list are accompanied by their date of birth, branch of Islam, country of birth, field of study, famous works and short description.

Contents

[edit] Muslim scholars

Muslim scholars are either born in a Muslim families, or converted to Islam. For a list of scholars specialized in:

[edit] Sunni Muslim

[edit] Shi'a Muslim

See also: List of Ayatollahs
See also: List of Grand Ayatollahs
See also: List of Shia Islamic scholars

[edit] Shi'a Imams

[edit] Shi'a classic scholars

[edit] Shi'a contemporary scholars

Prof.Waheed Akhtar: (1934-1996)'

[edit] Sufi

[edit] Mutazilite


[edit] Denomination Unknown

[edit] Converts to Islam

[edit] Controversial

This is a list of scholars of present and past that are not recognized as Muslims by the mainstream but profess to be Muslims as part of groups and small sects that deviate from the mainstream.

[edit] Orientalists/Non-Muslims

  • John Damascene (c.676-749), Syrian monk, Peri Aireseon (Concerning Heresies), its chapter 100 being "Heresy of the Ishmailites".
  • Nicetas of Byzantium his 9th century polemic Anatrope tes para tou Arabos... (P.G., v.105) picks at the Qur'an chapter by chapter.
  • Robert of Ketton (1110-1160) English theologian, traveled to crusader states, settled in Toledo (Castilla); at 1139 urging of Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Cluny (France), translated the Qur'an into Latin, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete (1143), it circulated only in manuscript copies until 1543. Often a tinted paraphrase, G. Sales said it "deserves not the name of translation" because of its inaccuracy.
  • Francesco d'Assisi (1182-1226), Italian saint, as peaceful missionary to Muslims, preached before Al-Kamil M. al-Malik, Kurdish Sultan of Egypt, in 1219 during the fifth crusade, his Regula non bullata (1221) chapter XVI "Those who are going among the Saracens and other unbelievers" counsels not to enter disputes, but rather humility.
  • Marcos de Toledo (fl.1193-1216) an improved though still wanting Latin translation of the Qur'an.
  • Ibn Kammuna (c.1215-c.1285) Jewish scholar of Bagdad, his fairminded though controversial Examination of the Inquiries into the Three Faiths [Tanqih al-abhat li-l-milal al-talat] (1280).
  • Alfonso X el Sabio (1221-1284), Castilla, his Scriptorium translated many Arabic works into Latin.
  • Raimundo Marti (12xx-c.1286) Castilla, Dominican friar, Summa contra errores Alcoranorum (1260), Pugio fidei adversus mauros et judaeos (c.1280); he refers to the Qur'an, Hadith, as well as al-Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), al-Gazali, Ibn Rushd.
  • Tomas d'Aquino (c.1225-1274) Italian Dominican, his Summa contra Gentiles (1261-64) includes criticism of the Aristotelianism of Ibn Rushd (Averroes).
  • Ramon Llull (1232-1316) Catalan author (Spain), theologian, proponent of the "Ars Magna", fluent in Arabic, three times missionary to Tunis, Llibre del Gentile e dels tres Savis (1274-76) in which a pagan hears Jewish, Christian, and Muslim views by a reasoning over their mutual virtues with exquisite courtesy shown, rather than by attack and defense.
  • Riccoldo di Monte Croce (1243-1320) Italian Dominican, missionary during 1290s centered in Bagdad, his Propugnaculum Fidei soon translated into Greek, later into German by Martin Luther.
  • Nicolaus Cusanus (1401-1464) German Cardinal, at cusp of renaissance, Cribratio Alcori, De pace fidei.
  • Theodor Bibliander (Buchmann) (1506-1564), Swiss (Zurich) theologian, in 1543 published in Basle the Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete of 1143.
  • Alonso del Castillo (152x-c.1607), Spain, formative work in Arabic archives and inscriptions (his father once a Morisco of Granada).
  • Abraham Hinckelmann (1652-1692), edited an Arabic text of the Qur'an, later published in Hamburg, Germany, in 1694.
  • Ludovivo Maracci (16xx-17xx) Italian priest, Latin translation of the Qur'an Alcorani textus universus (Padua 1698).
  • Simon Ochley (16xx-17xx) England, History of the Saracens (1718).
  • George Sale (1697-1736), English lawyer, using Hinckelmann and Maracci, translated and annotated a well regarded The Koran (1734); a member of the Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge, for whom he proofread the Arabic New Testament (S.P.C.K. 1726).
  • Jose Antionio Conde (1765-1820), posthumous Historia de la dominacion de los arabes en Espana (Madrid, 1820-1821), a pioneer work.
  • Charles Mills (1788-1826) England History of Mohammedanism (1818).
  • Garcin de Tassy (1794-1878) France, L'Islamisme d'apre le Coran (Paris 1874).
  • A. P. Caussin de Perceval (1795-1871) Essai sur l'histoire des Arabes avant l'Islamisme (Paris 1847-1849).
  • Gustav Flugel (1802-1870), Germany, Al-Qoran: Corani textus Arabicus (Leipzig 1834) for academics.
  • Gustav Weil (1808-1889) Jewish German, Mohammed der Prophet (Stuttgart 1843).
  • Pascual de Gayangos y Arce (1809-1897), Spanish Arabist, translated al-Maqqari (d.1632) into English as History of the Mohammedan Dynasties of Spain (1840, 1843).
  • Aloys Sprenger (1813-1893) Austria, Das Leben und die Lehre des Mohammad (2nd edition, 3 volumes, Berlin 1869).
  • William Muir (1819-1905), Scotland, official in India, The Life of Mohamet (London, 1861).
  • Reinhart Dozy (1820-1883) Netherlands, Histoire des Musulmans d'Espagne (Leiden, 1861).
  • Ludolf Krehl (1825-1901) Beitrage zur Muhammedanischen Dogmatik (Leipzig 1885).
  • Alfred von Kremer (1828-1889) Geschichte de herrschenden Ideen des Islams (Leipzig 1868).
  • Theodore Noldeke (1836-1930) Germany, Das Leben Mohammeds (1863), Zur Grammatik de klassische Arabisch (1896), with F. Schwally Geschichte des Qorans (Leipzig, 1909-1919, 2 volumes).
  • Julius Wellhausen (1844-1918) Germany, Muhammed in Medina (Berlin 1882), Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels (Berlin 1878, 1882).
  • Wm. Robertson Smith (1846-1894) Scotland, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (London 1884), Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (Cambridge 1885).
  • Italo Pizzi () L'Islamismo (Milan 1905).
  • Ignaz Goldziher (1850-1921), Hungary, Muhammedanische Studien (2 volumes, Halle 1889-1890); a Jew who admired Islam and felt fulfillment praying with Muslims. [Said to have converted to Sunnism eventually.]
  • David Samuel Margoliouth (1858-1940), England, Anglican, his father a Jewish convert, Mohammed and the Rise of Islam (London 1905, 1923), Relations between Arabs and Israelites prior to the Rise of Islam (1924), Table-talk of a Mesopotamian judge (London, 1921, 1922, 2 volumes).
  • Henri Lammens (1862-1937) Belgian (Flemish) Jesuit, a modern partisan, Fatima et ls filles de Mahomet (Rome 1912), L'Islam, croyances et institutions (Beirut 1926).
  • Carl Brockelmann (1868-1956) Germany Geschichte der arabischen Literatur (5 volumes, Weimar and Leiden, 1898-1942).
  • Leone Caetani (1869-1935) Italian nobleman, Annali dell'Islam (10 volumes, 1904-1926).
  • Miguel Asin Palacios (1871-1944) priest and professor, studied the mutuality of influence between Christianity and Islam, La escatologia musulmana en la Divina Comedia (Madrid, 1923), El Mistico Murciano Abenarabi (Madrid, 1925-26), El Islam cristianizado (Madrid, 1931); some purists on either side taking offense.
  • Louis Massignon (1883-1962) France, influenced Catholic-Islmic understanding per Vatican II (1962-1965), a married priest (Orthodox, using an Arabic rite), Essai sur les orgines du lexique technique de la mystique musulmane (Paris 1922, 2nd ed. 1954), Passion de Husayn Ibn Mansur Hallaj (Paris 1973).
  • Tor Andrae (1885-1947) Sweden, comparative religion, Mohammed Sein Leben und Sein Glaube (Goettingen 1932).
  • Philip Khuri Hitti (1886-1978) Lebanon, formative re Arabic studies in the U.S.A., History of Syria, including Lebanon and Palestine (1957).
  • Okawa Shumei (1886-1957) Japanese author, tried for war crimes after World War II, translated the Qur'an into Japanese (1950).
  • Geo Widengren (1907-19xx) Sweden, comparative religion, Muhammad, The Apostle of God, and His Ascension (Uppsala 1955).
  • William Montgomery Watt]] (1909-2006) Scottish Episcopal priest, Arabist,Muhammed at Mecca (Oxford 1953), Muhammed at Medina (Oxford, 1956)
  • Toshihiko Izutsu (1914-1993) Japan, Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur'an (1959, 1966), Sufism and Taoism (Berkeley 1984).
  • Maxime Rodinson (1915-2004) French marxist, Mahomet (Paris 1961), Islam et capitalisme (Paris 1966), Israel et le refus arabe (Paris 1968).
  • Wilferd Madelung (1930->) Germany, The Succession to Muhammad (Cambridge Univ. 1997); studies on the Shia.
  • William Chittick (c.193x->) U.S.A., collaborations with S. H. Nasr and A. Tabatabaei in Iran; Sufi Path of Knowledge (1989) on Ibn Arabi; spouse of S. Murata.
  • Sachiko Murata (c.193x->), Japan, Tao of Islam. A sourcebook on gender relationships in Islamic thought (SUNY 1992); spouse of W. Chittick.
  • Karen Armstrong (1944->) English author, former nun, A History of God (New York, 1999), Muhammad, a Biography of the Prophet (San Francisco, 1993).
  • Cornell Fleischer - United States, Kanuni Suleyman Professor of Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies
  • Gerald de Gaury - Rulers of Mecca
  • Betty Kelen - Muhammad, The Messenger of God
  • Francis E. Peters - Muhammad and the Origins of Islam
  • Báb - proclaimed prophethood, started a new religion and stated he abrogated Islam
  • Elijah Muhammad - Started the Nation of Islam movement and proclaimed prophethood
  • Fred M. Donner
  • Alfred Guillaume
  • Arthur John Arberry
  • Ehsan Yarshater (Bahá'í, with Iranian-Jewish family background)
  • Dr. Ian K. A. Howard
  • John L. Esposito - 1940, Editor-in-chief of The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World
  • Margaret Smith, author of Rabi'a the Mystic and her Fellow-Saints in Islam, 1928
  • John Woods, - United States Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History, and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
  • Malika Zeghal, author and professor of the anthropology and sociology of Islam
  • A. Holly Shissler, author and professor of Ottoman and Early Turkish Republican History, and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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