List of Finnish monarchs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For the Swedish & Russian names where applicable, see List of Swedish monarchs and List of Russian rulers.
This is a list of the rulers of Finland until she became a republic in 1919, that is, the Kings, ruling Dukes and Queen of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland (identical with the Tsars of Russia), up to the brief Kingdom of Finland, which was decided upon in 1918 following independence the year before, but which never actually was realised.
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[edit] Part of the Kingdom of Sweden, from the Middle Ages until 1809
Finland as an integral part of Sweden under the King of Sweden (Ruotsin kuningas).
Some texts suggest the Swedish rule of Finland started as early as during the Houses of Sverker and Eric (Sverker I of Sweden 1130-1156 and Eric the Saint 1156-1160). But the first historic documents suggesting rule by Swedish kings in Finland not limited to sparse crusades and conquests are dated at around 1249.
[edit] The House of Bjelbo
- 1250-1275 : Valdemar of Sweden (Valdemar Birgerinpoika)
- regent: Birger Jarl
- 1275-1290 : Magnus III of Sweden (Maunu Ladonlukko)
- 1290-1318 : Birger of Sweden (Birger Maununpoika)
- 1319-1364 : Magnus IV of Sweden (Maunu IV)
- co-kings, successively: Eric XII of Sweden and Haakon I of Sweden, sons of Magnus IV
- 1363-1395 : Albert of Mecklenburg (Albrekt Mecklenburgilainen)
- 1385-87 in opposition: Olav IV of Norway (Olavi Haakoninpoika)
[edit] Rulers of the Kalmar Union and Regents (Valtionhoitaja, Riksföreståndare)
- 1389-1412 : Margaret I of Sweden (Margareeta), widow of Haakon I of Sweden, mother of Olav IV, and heiress of Estonia, a Danish dominion
- 1396-1439 : Eric of Pomerania (Eerik XIII Pommerilainen, died 1459), a first cousin twice removed of Haakon I of Sweden
- 1438-1440 : Carl Knutsson Bonde, Regent (Kaarle Knuutinpoika)
- 1441-1448 : Christopher of Bavaria (Kristoffer Baijerilainen)
- 1448-1448 : Regents Bengt and Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna ((Pentti Jönsinpoika Häräntähti and Niilo Jönsinpoika Häräntähti))
- 1448-1457 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII Knuutinpoika), he had been 1442-48 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
- 1457-1457 : Regents Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna the archbishop and Eric Axelsson Tott ((arkkipiispa Jöns Pentinpoika and herra Eerik Akselinpoika))
- 1457-1464 : Christian I of Sweden (Kristian I)
- 1464-1465 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII)
- 1465-1465 : Regent Kettil Karlsson Vasa the bishop ((piispa Kettil Kaarlenpoika Vaasa))
- 1465-1466 : Regent Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna the archbishop
- 1466-1467 : Regent Eric Axelsson Tott, also 1457-81 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
- 1467-1470 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Kaarle VIII)
- 1470-1497 : Regent Sten Sture the elder (Sten Sture vanhempi) - also, 1483-1501 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
- 1497-1501 : John II of Sweden (Hans of Denmark, Juhana II, Hannu, Tanskan Hannu)
- 1501-1503 : Regent Sten Sture the elder (Sten Sture vanhempi)
- 1504-1511 : Regent Svante Niilonpoika (Svante Niilonpoika, Ekesiön herra, he did not use the name of Sture)
- 1512-1512 : Regent Eric Trolle
- 1512-1520 : Regent Sten Sture the younger (Sten Sture nuorempi, he took the name of Sture of his great-grandmother's family, for imago reasons and for its prestige)
- 1520-1521 : Christian II of Sweden (Kristian II)
[edit] The House of Vasa
- 1521-1560 : Gustav I of Sweden (Kustaa I Vaasa)
- As Gustav Vasa, regent 1521-1523
- 1560-1568 : Eric XIV of Sweden (Eerik XIV)
- 1568-1592 : John III of Sweden (Juhana III), also titled Grand Duke of Finland
- As Duke John of Finland acted as feudal lord of part of Finland Duke of Finland and Governor-General of the rest 1556-1563
- 1592-1599 : Sigismund of Sweden (Sigismund)
- 1599-1611 : Charles IX of Sweden (Kaarle IX), "King of Finns"
- As Duke Charles, regent 1599-1604
- 1611-1632 : Gustav Adolph the great (Kustaa II Aadolf)
- 1632-1654 : Christina of Sweden (Kristiina)
[edit] The House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken
- 1654-1660 : Charles X Gustav of Sweden (Kaarle X Kustaa)
- 1660-1697 : Charles XI of Sweden (Kaarle XI)
- 1697-1718 : Charles XII of Sweden (Kaarle XII)
- 1719-1720 : Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (Ulriika Eleonoora)
[edit] The House of Hesse
- 1720-1751 : Frederick I of Sweden (Fredrik I)
[edit] The House of Holstein-Gottorp
- 1751-1771 : Adolf Frederick of Sweden (Aadolf Fredrik)
- 1771-1792 : Gustav III of Sweden (Kustaa III)
- 1792-1796 : Charles, duke of Sudermannia as Regent (Södermanlannin herttua Kaarle)
- 1792-1809 : Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (Kustaa IV Aadolf)
[edit] Grand Duchy of Finland in Russian Empire 1809-1917
The Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire (1809-1917) with the Emperor of Russia as the Grand Duke (Prince) of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinas).
[edit] The House of Romanov
- 1809-1825 : Alexander I (Aleksanteri I)
- 1825-1855 : Nicholas I (Nikolai I)
- 1855-1881 : Alexander II (Aleksanteri II)
- 1881-1894 : Alexander III (Aleksanteri III)
- 1894-1917 : Nicholas II (Nikolai II)
[edit] Interim period 1917-1919
Regents (valtionhoitaja) using the powers reserved for the monarch.
- November 7, 1917 - November 15, 1917 : Eemil Nestor Setälä
- November 15, 1917 - November 28, 1917 : Otto Johannes Lundson
- November 28, 1917 - May 18, 1918 : Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
- May 27, 1918 - December 12, 1918 : Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (again)
- December 27, 1918 - July 26, 1919 : Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
For later heads of state after the proclamation of the republic, see Presidents of Finland.
