List of English irregular verbs

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This is list of irregular verbs in the English language. The citation form (the infinitive) comes first (with a link to the Wiktionary article on the verb), together with the present tense forms when they are different, then the preterite or simple past, and finally the past participle. The right hand column notes whether they are weak or strong and whether they belong to a subclass, and links to discussions elsewhere. Typical irregularities in weak verbs are the assimilation of dentals (bended → bent) and vowel reduction (*keeped → kept).

It should be noted that many of these verbs are irregular in British or American English only; in many cases, such as spell (spelt vs. spelled), learn (learnt vs. learned), and spill (spilt vs. spilled), American English uses the regular form, while British English tends to favor the irregular. In other cases, the opposite is true (dived and sneaked in Britain, also dove and snuck in the U.S.); Australian English tends to follow British practice, while Canadian English often sides with American usage. See further at American and British English differences.

abide abided/abode abided/abidden	Strong, class 1
arise arose arisen	Strong, class 1
awake awoke awoken	Strong, class 6
be (am, is, are) was (were) been	Suppletive. See: Indo-European copula.
bear bore born/borne	Strong, class 4
beat beat beaten/beat	Strong, class 7
become became become	Strong, class 4
befall befell befallen	Strong, class 7
beget begot begotten
begin began begun	Strong, class 3
behold beheld beheld/beholden	Strong, class 7
bend bent bent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
bereave bereaved/bereft/berove bereaved/bereft/bereaven	Strong, class 6
beseech besought besought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
beset beset beset	Weak with assimilation of dentals
bet bet/betted bet/betted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
bid (in cards, auctions, etc.) bid bid	Weak with assimilation of dentals
bid (meaning to request or say) bade/bid/bidded bidden/bid/bidded	Strong, class 5
bide bided/bode bided/bidden	Strong, class 1
bind bound bound	Strong, class 3
bite bit bitten	Strong, class 1
bleed bled bled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
blow blew blown	Strong, class 7
bode boded/bode boded/boden	Strong, class 2
break broke broken	Strong, class 4
breed bred bred	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
bring brought brought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
broadcast broadcast broadcast	Weak
browbeat browbeat browbeaten	Strong, class 7
build built built	Weak with assimilation of dentals
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
burst burst/bursted burst/bursted/bursten	Strong, class 3
bust busted/bust busted/bust
buy bought bought/boughten	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
can could (none)	Preterite-present; defective
cast cast cast	Weak with assimilation of dentals
catch caught caught	Weak - a French loanword conjugated perhaps by analogy with teach-taught
chide chid/chided/chode chidden/chided	Strong, class 5
choose chose chosen	Strong, class 2
cleave(split apart) clove cloven	Strong, class 2
cleave(cling to) cleft/cleaved cleft/cleaved	Weakwith vowel reduction
climb climbed/clomb climbed/clomben	Strong, class 2
cling clung/clang clung	Strong, class 3
come came come	Strong, class 4
cost cost cost	Weak with assimilation of dentals
creep crept crept	Strong, class 2
cut cut cut	Weak with assimilation of dentals
dare durst (none)	Preterite-present; defective; he dare
dare dared dared	Weak verb; to dare; he dares
deal dealt dealt	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
dig dug dug
dive dived/dove dived/doven	Strong, class 2
do did done	Reduplication with p.p. springing from OE "gedon"
draw drew drawn	Strong, class 6
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed	Weak with vowel reduction assimilation of dentals
drink drank/drunk drunk/drunken	Strong, class 3
drive drove driven	Strong, class 1
dwell dwelt/dwelled dwelt/dwelled	Weak with assimilation of dentals
eat ate eaten	Strong, class 5
fall fell fallen	Strong, class 7
fare fared/fore fared/faren	Strong, class 6
feed fed fed	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
feel felt felt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
fight fought fought/foughten	Strong, class 3
find found found/founden	Strong, class 3
fit (in all meanings besides tailoring) fit fit	Weak with assimilation of dentals
flee fled fled	Weak with vowel reduction
fling flung/flang flung	Strong, class 3
fly flew flown	Strong, class 2
fold folded/feld folded/folden	Strong, class 7
forbid forbade forbidden	Strong, class 5
forecast forecast forecast	Weak with assimilation of dentals
forego forewent foregone	Suppletive. See: go (verb).
forgo forwent forgone	Suppletive. See: go (verb).
foresee foresaw foreseen	Strong, class 5
foretell foretold foretold	Weak with Rückumlaut
forget forgot forgotten	Strong, class 5
forgive forgave forgiven	Strong, class 5
forsake forsook forsaken	Strong, class 6
freeze froze frozen	Strong, class 2
get got gotten/got	Strong, class 5
give gave given	Strong, class 5
go went gone	Suppletive. See: go (verb).
grind (all senses besides dancing) ground ground
grow grew grown	Strong, class 7
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged	Preterit present strong preterit comes from the old p.p.
have (has) had had
hear heard heard	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
hew hewed hewn	Strong, class 7
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit	Weak with assimilation of dentals
hold held held/holden	Strong, class 7
hurt hurt hurt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
input input input	Weak with assimilation of dentals
inset inset inset	Weak with assimilation of dentals
interbreed interbred interbred	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
interweave interwove interwoven	Strong, class 7
keep kept kept	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
kneel knelt/kneeled knelt\kneeled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
knit knit/knitted knit/knitted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
know knew known	Strong, class 7
lay laid laid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
lead led led	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
lean leaned/leant leaned/leant	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
leap leaped/leapt/lope leaped/leapt/lopen	Strong, class 7
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
leave left left	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
lese lore lorn	Strong, class 2
lend lent lent	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
let let let	Strong, class 7
lie (in all senses besides speaking a non-truth) lay lain	Strong, class 5
light lit/lighted lit/lighted	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
lose lost lost	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
make made made	Weak
may might (none)	Preterite-present; defective
mean meant meant	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
meet met met	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
mete meted meted	Strong, class 5
mishear misheard misheard	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
mislay mislaid mislaid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
mislead misled misled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
misread misread misread	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
misspell misspelled/misspelt misspelled/misspelt	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
mistake mistook mistaken	Strong, class 6
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood/misunderstanden	Strong, class 6
mow mowed/mew mowed/mown	Strong, class 7
must must (none)	Preterite-present; defective
need needed needed	Weak verb; to need; he needs
outbid outbid outbid	Weak with assimilation of dentals
outdo outdid outdone
outgrow outgrew outgrown	Strong, class 7
outrun outran outrun	Strong, class 3
outsell outsold outsold	Weak with Rückumlaut
overcast overcast overcast	Weak with assimilation of dentals
overcome overcame overcome	Strong, class 4
overdo overdid overdone
overdraw overdrew overdrawn	Strong, class 6
overeat overate overeaten	Strong, class 5
overhang overhung/overhanged overhung/overhanged	Preterit present strong preterit comes from the old p.p.
overhear overheard overheard	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
overlay overlaid overlaid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
overlie overlay overlain	Strong, class 5
overpay overpaid overpaid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
override overrode overridden	Strong, class 1
overrun overran overrun	Strong, class 3
oversee oversaw overseen	Strong, class 5
oversell oversold oversold	Weak with Rückumlaut
overshoot overshot overshot/overshotten	Strong, class 2
oversleep overslept overslept	Strong, class 7
overtake overtook overtaken	Strong, class 6
overthrow overthrew overthrown	Strong, class 7
owe owed/ought owed/ought	Weak
partake partook partaken	Strong, class 6
pay paid paid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
plead pleaded/pled pleaded/pled	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
proofread proofread proofread	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
prove proved/prove proved/proven	borrowed French verb
put put put	Weak with assimilation of dentals
quit quit quit	Weak with assimilation of dentals
read read read	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
reave reft/rove reft/reaven	Strong, class 6
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
recast recast recast	Weak with assimilation of dentals
rend rent rent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
redo redid redone
re-lay re-laid re-laid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
remake remade remade	Weak
repay repaid repaid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
rerun reran rerun	Strong, class 3
resell resold resold	Weak with Rückumlaut
reset reset reset	Weak with assimilation of dentals
rethink rethought rethought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
rewind rewound rewound/rewounden
rewrite rewrote rewritten	Strong, class 1
rid rid/ridded rid/ridden/ridded
ride rode ridden	Strong, class 1
ring rang rung	Strong, class 3
rise rose risen	Strong, class 1
rive rived/rove rived/riven	Strong, class 1
run ran run	Strong, class 3
saw sawed sawed/sawn
say said said	Weak
see saw seen	Strong, class 5
seek sought sought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
sell sold sold	Weak with Rückumlaut
send sent sent	Weak with assimilation of dentals
set set set	Weak
sew sewed sewed/sewn
shake shook shaken	Strong, class 6
shall should (none)	Preterite-present; defective; see also Shall and will
shave shaved/shove shaved/shaven	Strong, class 6
shear sheared/shore sheared/shorn	Strong, class 4
shed shed/shedded shed/shedded	Strong, class 7
shine shined/shone shined/shone	Strong, class 1
shit or shite, shit/shat/shitted shit/shat/shitted	Strong, class 1; also regular: shitted/shited shitted/shited
shoe shoed/shod shoed/shod	Weak with vowel reduction
shoot shot shot/shotten	Strong, class 2
show showed shown/showed
shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken	Strong, class 3
shut shut shut	Weak
sing sang sung	Strong, class 3
sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken	Strong, class 3
sit sat sat/sitten/setten	Strong, class 5
slay slew/slayed slain/slayed	Strong, class 6
sleep slept slept	Strong, class 7
slide slid slid	Strong, class 1
sling slung/slang slung	Strong, class 3
slink slunk/slank slunk	Strong, class 3
slit or slite slit slit/slitten	Strong, class 1
smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt	Weak with assimilation of dentals
smite smote/smit smitten	Strong, class 1
sneak sneaked/snuck sneaked/snuck	Weakwith naturally developing intransitive strong form
sow sowed/sew sowed/sown	Strong, class 7
speak spoke spoken	Strong, class 5
speed sped/speeded sped/speeded	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt	Weak
spend spent spent	Weak
spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt	Weak
spin span spun	strong, class 3
spit spit/spat spit/spitten
split split split	Weak
spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt	Weak
spread spread spread	Weak with assimilation of dentals
spring sprang/sprung sprung	Strong, class 3
stand stood stood/standen	Strong, class 6
steal stole stolen	Strong, class 4
stick stuck stuck
sting stung/stang stung	Strong, class 3
stink stunk/stank stunk	Strong, class 3
strew strewed strewn/strewed
stride strided/strode strided/stridden	Strong, class 1
strike struck struck/stricken
string strung strung	Weakwith naturally developing intransitive strong form
strive strove/strived striven/strived	Strong, class 1
swear swore sworn	Strong, class 6
sweep swept swept	Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentals
swell swelled/swoll swelled/swollen	Strong, class 3
swim swam swum	Strong, class 3
swing swung/swang swung	Strong, class 3
take took taken	Strong, class 6
teach taught taught	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
tear tore torn	Strong, class 4
tell told told	Weak with Rückumlaut
think thought thought	Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law
thrive thrived/throve thrived/thriven	Strong, class 1
throw threw thrown	Strong, class 7
thrust thrusted/thrust thrusted/thrust
tread trod/treaded trodden/trod/treaded	Strong, class 5
unbind unbound unbound/unbounden	Strong, class 3
underlie underlay/underlied underlain/underlied	Strong, class 5
understand understood understood/understanden	Strong, class 6
undertake undertook undertaken	Strong, class 6
underwrite underwrote underwritten	Strong, class 1
undo undid undone
unwind unwound unwound/unwounden	Strong, class 3
uphold upheld upheld/upholden	Strong, class 7
upset upset/upsetted upset/upsetted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
wake woke woken	Strong, class 6
waylay waylaid waylaid	Weak; irregular only in spelling
wear wore worn
weave wove woven	Strong, class 7
wed wed/wedded wed/wedded	Weak with assimilation of dentals
weep wept/wop wept/wopen	Strong, class 7
wet wet/wetted wet/wetted	Weak with assimilation of dentals
will (except as a transitive verb) would (none)	Preterite-present; defective; see also Shall and will
win won won	Strong, class 3
wind wound wound/wounded	Strong, class 3
withdraw withdrew withdrawn	Strong, class 6
withhold withheld withheld/withholden	Strong, class 7
withstand withstood withstood/withstanden	Strong, class 6
work worked worked/wrought (archaic)	Weak
wring wrang/wrung wrung	Strong, class 3
write wrote/writ written	Strong, class 1
yield yielded/yold yielded/yolden	Strong, class3

Additional note: These verbs from the list above are spelled the same in the simple past as in the present tense (excluding compounds such as set, beset, inset, upset etc.): beat, bet, burst, cast, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, rid, set, shed, shut, slit, split, spread. (Note that of all the preceding, only "read" is pronounced differently in the past than in the present.)