List of Baja California Peninsula hurricanes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The list of Baja California hurricanes includes all of the tropical cyclones that impacted the Baja California Peninsula, which includes the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. Due to the location and geography of the peninsula, Baja California is the region in Mexico that receives the most landfalls by tropical cyclones of tropical storm intensity or stronger.[1] In the period 1951 to 2000, Baja California had one hurricane and three tropical storms make landfall. During the same period, Baja California Sur witnessed nineteen hurricanes and thirty tropical storms. These last totals are the most for any Mexican state, Atlantic or Pacific.[1]
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[edit] List of tropical cyclones
[edit] Pre-1949
- Sometime in between June and October 1884: a tropical cyclone of unknown intensity made landfall in the peninsula.[2]
- July 1902: A tropical cyclone made landfall in Baja California.[3]
- August 1915: A tropical cyclone impacted the northern part of Baja California.[3]
- September 13, 1918: Twenty five deaths and heavy damage in La Paz and elsewhere were a result of a tropical cyclone of unknown intensity making landfall on this date.[4] [5]
- August 1921: A tropical cyclone impacted the central part of the Baja California peninsula.[3]
- September 1921: A tropical cyclone's remnants tracked across the Baja California Peninsula.[3]
- September 1921: The remnants of a tropical cyclone dissipated moved inland after dissipating on this date.[3]
- August 1935: A tropical cyclone made landfall in southern Baja California and tracked northwards.[3]
- September 1939: In the early part of this month, the first of three tropical cyclones to impact the peninsula this year hit the northern part of the area.[3]
- September 1939: In the middle of the month a tropical cyclone made landfall and promptly dissipated.[3]
- September 1939: The third tropical cyclone to impact the peninsula this month hit part of Baja California Sur and dissipated onshore. It remnants moved north.[3]
- September 1941: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[3]
- September 1945: A tropical cyclone paralleled the Pacific coast of the peninsula just offshore before dissipating.[3]
- September 1946: A tropical storm made landfall in the northern part of the Baja California Peninsula on an unknown date in this month.[3]
- September 11, 1949: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[6]
[edit] 1950s
- August 29, 1951: A tropical storm made landfall in the northern part of the peninsula.[7]
- 17 July 1954: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[8]
- October 5, 1957: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[9]
- September 11, 1958: A tropical storm made landfall and passed north-northwest over the peninsula.[10]
- October 4, 1958: A hurricane made landfall at the southern tip of the peninsula.[11]
- September 9, 1959: A hurricane made landfall and travels up the peninsula.[12]
[edit] 1960s
- September 6, 1962: Tropical Storm Bernice made landfall on the peninsula.[13]
- September 23-24, 1962: Tropical Storm Claudia skirted the Pacific coast of the northern part of the peninsula before making landfall.[14]
- October 4, 1962: Hurricane Doreen passed close to the southern tip of the peninsula before crossing the Gulf of California and making landfall.[15]
- September 18, 1963: Tropical Depression Jen-Kath made landfall in northern Baja California, just south of the U.S.-Mexico border after weakening from a tropical storm.[16]
- September 6, 1965:Tropical Depression Emily made landfall in the northern part of the peninsula days after passing close by as a hurricane.[17]
- September 15, 1966: Tropical Storm Helga made landfall on the peninsula well after weakening from a hurricane.[18]
- September 28, 1966: Tropical Storm Kirsten made landfall on the peninsula.[19]
- August 31, 1967: Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the southern tip of the peninsula and traveled up it.[20] Katrina did heavy damage, sinking 60 ships and leaving 2500 homeless after it partially destroyed the city of San Felipe.[21]
- October 2, 1968: Hurricane Pauline made landfall on the peninsula and crossed it. Four or five people died when a sailboat is sunk in Magdalena Bay.[22]
[edit] 1970s
- September 5, 1970: Tropical Depression Norma dissipated just offshore, with its moisture being drawn into an extratropical system further to the north.[23]
- September 30, 1971: Tropical Depression Olivia made landfall on the peninsula.[24]
- October 6, 1972: Tropical Storm Joanne made landfall in the northern part of the peninsula, causing localized flooding.[25]
- September 25, 1973: Hurricane Irah made landfall on the peninsula. Damage was limited to power lines and flooding.[26]
- September 10, 1976: Tropical Storm Kathleen came close to the Point Eugenia peninsula before making landfall just south of Ensenada that same day as it accelerated northwards. No damage was reported.[27]
- October 1, 1976: Hurricane Liza passed close to the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. Liza's heavy rains caused a flash flood that burst a dyke near La Paz. The resulting torrent of water did heavy damage and killed at least 435,[27] and probably more than 630 people.[21]
- August 15, 1977: Hurricane Doreen briefly made landfall as it skirted the Pacific coast of the peninsula.[28]
[edit] 1980s
- August 30, 1981: Tropical Depression Irwin made landfall on the peninsula.[29]
- September 29, 1982: Hurricane Paul briefly passed over the extreme southern tip of the peninsula. No damage or casualties were reported.[30]
- 26 September 1984: Tropical Storm Norbert made landfall on the peninsula and rapidly weakens. No damage or casualties were reported.[31]
- August 27, 1989: Hurricane Kiko made landfall on the Gulf of California side of the peninsula.[32] It caused heavy damage but no deaths.[32][33]
- October 5, 1989: Tropical Storm Raymond made landfall on the peninsula. Damage and casualties, if there were any, are not known.[34]
[edit] 1990s
- October 2, 1990: Tropical Storm Rachel made landfall on southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. No reports of either deaths or damage were received.[35]
- August 23, 1992: Hurricane Lester made landfall near Punta Abrejeos as it rapidly crossed the peninsula. There were no reported deaths, but some damage was reported.[36]
- July 8, 1993: Tropical Depression Calvin made landfall on the peninsula east-southeast of La Paz. No damage or deaths were reported on the peninsula.[37]
- August 25-26, 1993: Tropical Storm Hilary made two landfalls on the peninsula. No deaths or damage were reported.[38]
- August 11, 1995: Around this date, Hurricane Flossie passed close to the peninsula. Two people drowned in Cabo San Lucas.[39]
- September 4, 1995: Strong winds, rains, and storm surge from Hurricane Henriette left 800 homeless and caused heavy road damage to the southern part of Baja California Sur. No deaths are reported.[40]
- September 14-15, 1995: Hurricane Ismael passed up the Gulf of California. A total of 57 fishers were killed, some of whom may have been from or near the peninsula.[41]
- September 13, 1996: Hurricane Fausto made landfall near Todos Santos on the peninsula. The only death was of a vacationer from San Diego who was electrocuted by a downed power line in Cabo San Lucas.[42] Damage elsewhere was appreciable, with downed power lines, smashed windows and significant disruption throughout the peninsula.[42]
- September 25, 1997: Hurricane Nora made landfall near Punta Eugenia. Nora killed two people when one person was electrocuted in Mexicali and a diver was drowned near San Quintín.[43]
- September 2, 1998: Tropical Storm Isis made landfall near San José del Cabo. Throughout the Gulf of California region, 18 people were killed and 769 houses were destroyed.[44]
- September 7, 1999: Tropical Storm Greg made landfall near Cabo San Lucas. No damage or casualties were reported.[45]
[edit] 2000s
- August 14-15, 2000: Tropical Storm Ileana briefly threatened the southern areas of the peninsula before suddenly turning out to sea. Large waves caused by the storm likely impacted the coast of that area. No damage or deaths were reported.[46]
- September 30, 2001: Tropical Storm Juliette made landfall near San Carlos. It caused damage and heavy rainfall throughout the peninsula; Cabo San Lucas was "clobbered",[47] with it being cut off from the rest of Mexico for several days. Juliette caused two deaths in or near the peninsula.[47]
- August 25, 2003: Hurricane Ignacio made landfall on the peninsula. Heavy rains caused a flood that swept two rescue workers to their deaths.[48]
- September 22, 2003: Hurricane Marty made landfall near San Jose del Cabo. A total of 4000 houses were destroyed with disruption to boats in the area. Five deaths were reported.[49]
- September 19, 2004: Tropical Depression Javier made landfall on the peninsula without impact.[50]
- September 30-October 3, 2005: Hurricane Otis approached close to the peninsula. Flooding was the only impact.[51]
- July 27-28, 2006: Tropical Storm Emilia passed close to the peninsula, causing isolated reports of gale-force winds and minor flooding and damage.[52]
- September 2, 2006: Hurricane John made landfall on the peninsula. Winds and rain caused heavy damage throughout the peninsula. John killed five people.[53]
- October 23-25, 2006: Tropical Storm Paul passed close to the peninsula. High surf caused two deaths.[54]
[edit] Listed by month
The tropical climatology of the Baja California peninsula, as well as the paths of Pacific hurricanes, ensures that the peninsula sees more tropical cyclones than anywhere else in Mexico.[1] Most tropical cyclone impacts occurred in the month of September. This coincides with the statistical peak in the eastern north Pacific hurricane season, which occurs in early September or late August.[55] Although hurricane season in the eastern north Pacific officially runs from May 15 to November 30,[56] no known tropical cyclones have impacted the peninsula in May, June, November, or outside the season.
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[edit] Deadly systems
As many tropical cyclones impact the peninsula, sometimes when rather intense, deaths frequently occur.
| Name | Year | Number of deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Liza | 1976 | 435-600+ |
| Unnamed | 1918 | 25 |
| Marty | 2003 | 5 |
| John | 2006 | 5 |
| Pauline | 1968 | 4-5 |
| Flossie | 1995 | 2 |
| Nora | 1997 | 2 |
| Juliette | 2001 | 2 |
| Ignacio | 2003 | 2 |
| Paul | 2006 | 2 |
| Fausto | 1996 | 1 |
| Ismael | 1995 | 0-57 |
| Isis | 1998 | 0-18 |
[edit] Tropical cyclone warnings and watches
If a tropical cyclone threatens to bring tropical storm or hurricane conditions to areas in the Baja California Peninsula, the Government issues tropical cyclone warnings and watches for the threatened areas. The watches and warnings will be issued in coastal area between internationally recognized points known as breakpoints. The Baja California peninsula has twenty-two breakpoints, running from the United States-Mexico border, south along the Pacific coast to Cabo San Lucas, and north along the Gulf of California coast to Calamajue.[57] However, tropical cyclones can still bring dangerous conditions such as flooding to areas not covered by warnings and watches.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Climatology of landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms in Mexico (PDF). Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Stephen Visher (June, 1922). Tropical Cyclones in the northeast Pacific, between Hawaii and Mexico (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 295-97. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jack Williams (2005-05-17). Background: California’s tropical storms. USA Today. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Willis Edwin Hurd (February, 1929). Tropical cyclones of the eastern north Pacific Ocean (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 45-49. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ F. G. Tingley (December 1918). Tropical cyclone of September 14-17, in the Pacific Ocean just west of Mexico (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 568-70. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane #4-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Storm #6-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane #3-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane #10-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Storm #10-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane #11-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane #10-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Storm BERNICE-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Storm CLAUDIA-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane DOREEN-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ TeleAtlas. Tropical Storm Jen-Kath (1963). Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane EMILY-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane HELGA-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Storm KIRSTEN-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane KATRINA-Storm track. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ a b Keith C. Heidorn (August 2003). Pacific hurricanes: the forgotten storm. The Weather Doctor Almanac 2003. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ William J. Denney (March 1969). The eastern Pacific hurricane season of 1968 (pdf). Monthly Weather Review 207-24. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ William J. Denny (April 1971). Eastern Pacific hurricane season of 1970 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 286-301. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane OLIVIA-Storm track. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- ^ Robert A. Baum (April 1973). Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1972 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 239-49. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- ^ Robert A. Baum (April 1974). Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1973 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 296-306. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- ^ a b Emil B. Gunther (April 1977). Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1976 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 508-22. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane DOREEN-Storm track. Retrieved on December 1, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Storm IRWIN-Storm Track. Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ E.B. Gunther; R.L. Cross; & R.A. Wagoner (May 1983). Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1982 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review 1080-101. Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ E.B. Gunther (August 1985). Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1984 (pdf). Monthly Weather Review 1393-1410. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ a b Max Mayfield. Preliminary Report Hurricane Kiko (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ Eleonora Romero Vadillo (April 2003). MODELACIÓN NUMÉRICA DE ONDAS DE TORMENTA EN LA BAHĺA DE LA PAZ Y CABO SAN LUCAS, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR (Spanish with English abstract) (PDF). Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ Max Mayfield (1989-11-18). Preliminary Report Hurricane Raymond (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ Max Mayfield (undated). Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Rachel (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 2, 2006.
- ^ Hal Gerrish (1993-11-06). Preliminary Report Hurricane Lester (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Ed Rappaport (1993-08-02). Preliminart Report Hurricane Calvin (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Edward Rappaport (1993-09-27). Preliminary Report Hurricane Hilary (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Edward Rappaport (1995-12-04). Preliminary Report Hurricane Flossie. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (1995-11-28). Preliminary Report Hurricane Henriette. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Daniel Bitrán Bitrán (2001). Caracterásticas del Impacto Socioeconómico de los Principales Desastres Ocurridos en México en el Período 1980-99 (Spanish) (PDF). Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres. Retrieved on November 9, 2006.
- ^ a b Miles B. Lawrence (1996-10-12). Preliminary Report Hurricane Fausto. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Edward N. Rappaport (1997-10-30). Preliminary Report Hurricane Nora. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Richard J. Pasch (1999-05-13). Preliminary Report Hurricane Isis. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (1999-10-17). Preliminary Report Hurricane Greg. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.
- ^ Stacy R. Stewart (2000-10-30). Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Ileana. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 6, 2006.
- ^ a b Miles B. Lawrence; Michelle M.Mainelli (2001-11-30). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Juliette. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 6, 2006.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (2003-12-08). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Ignacio. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ James L. Franklin (2004-01-22). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Marty. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (2004-11-15). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Jaview. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Jack Beven (2006-01-16). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Otis (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Stacy R. Stewart (2006-11-29). Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Emilia (EP062006) (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Richard J. Pasch (2006-11-16). Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane John (EP112006) (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Jamie R. Rhome (2006-11-20). Tropcial Cyclone Report Hurricane Paul (EP172006) (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Neal Dorst. Subject: G1) When is hurricane season ?. Frequently Asked Questions. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Climaotology. Tropical Prediction Center. Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
- ^ Hurricane and Tropical Storm Watch/Warning Breakpoints. National Hurricane Center (2006-08-08). Retrieved on December 7, 2006.
