Licence to kill (concept)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Licence to kill has at least two known meanings, it can be defined as an official sanction by a government or government agency to a particular operative or employee to initiate the use of deadly force, presumably in furtherance of the government's aims or policies, or in carrying out the operative's assigned missions and presumably in an assassination or covert context rather than in an overtly military context [1].
It is also sometimes used when referring to assisted suicide, or discontinuance of life support, especially by editorialists, who may use the phrase, possibly pejoratively, in reference to government sanction of either action [2].
The idea of a licence to kill is popularly known from the James Bond novels and films (signified by the 00[3]), and has been used at least once by a headline writer.[4] In reality, the legitimacy of deadly force usage from country to country is generally controlled by statute law, particular and direct executive orders, the common law, or military rules of engagement. In Britain, the Intelligence Services Act 1994[5] authorizes the secretary of state to grant immunity from British prosecution to personnel when they engage in any acts abroad that would be illegal under British law - such as murder.[6]
The actual existence of a "licence to kill" is debated. Some feel that the term is a mere literary device, popularized by novels and films, while others believe that such a licence exists in at least some countries, whether in the military, police or counter-intelligence services. In the literary sense, the licence is presumed to be a discretionary one, distributed rarely and requiring extensive training to obtain, and it is only granted to a handful of covert agents of a state, in the interest of national security. The agent is not necessarily expected to kill enemies as part of a mission, but may receive immunity from prosecution (in his own country), if, in the agent's estimation, this became necessary to complete it.
During the 1970s, the dispersal of Israeli agents with what would amount to a "license to kill" occurred during Operation Wrath of God. Teams of agents were supposedly assigned targets in international locations and given orders and permission to terminate said targets. It must be noted that, while evidence for such operations does exist, the Israeli government denies that it targeted enemies for death.
In reality, such licences would run afoul of the laws of war: the covert agent would almost certainly be considered a spy or perhaps even a common criminal if murder is committed in a foreign country. For this reason, few governments, if any, are willing to disclose the existence of a licence to kill.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ CBS News story A December 4, 2002 story from the CBS News website (www.cbsnews.com) on the CIA having been granted a "license to kill" (US spelling) with meaning essentially as given in the first definition.
- ^ This meaning was used in Alexander, Mark. "404 error", Townhall.com. Retrieved on 2007-01-30., which was widely replicated, with meaning essentially as given in the second definition.
- ^ The double 0 section. Retrieved on 2007-03-14.
- ^ CIA given licence to kill. The Guardian (2001-10-22). Retrieved on 2006-07-09.
- ^ http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940013_en_1.htm
- ^ "Under Section 7 of the Intelligence Services Act, the secretary of state can authorize persons to commit acts abroad for which they may not be held liable under British law. By implication, that includes all criminal law relating to the use of lethal force... Despite its protections, the act does not and cannot immunize agents from the law of the foreign lands in which they operate." "Does James Bond have a License to Kill?", Slate.com.
[edit] External links
- [1] Licensed to Kill, Hired Guns in the War on Terror by Robert Young Pelton (Crown, Sept 1, 2006)
- USA Today editorial DeWayne Wickham editorial of November 6, 2001 arguing against the CIA "license to kill" authority.
- A 2000 BBC television documentary by Olenka Fenkiel, also shown on ABC, about murder of women in Pakistan in situations involving divorce or adultery. [2]
